CHAPTER XVI
MEDICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES
(a) Public Health And Medical Facilities In Early Times
Specific historical facts about the medical facilities available in Nawashahr District during early time are not available as the district was created only in 1995. The areas now forming Nawashahr District was taken out from Jalandhar and Hoshiarpur districts. So, on the basis of medical facilities available in these districts it may be presumed that the Ayeurveda system was more popular in early days. The physicians then practised this system were known a vaids. They used herbs, minerals, chemicals, etc. for medical purposes. The used to extract oils from the roots, wooden chips and bark of the trees; they were also preparing astringents and metallic powders (bhasma) to be used as medicines. Ayurveda was much popular in rural areas. Muslims rulers introduced the unani system of medicine, which became more popular in urban areas due to the patronage of the rulers. But in the rural areas, Ayurvedic system continued to be practised. The factors responsible for the popularity of these systems were availability, cheapness and conditions then prevailing. To sum up, in early times the field of medicines was shared by Ayurveda and Unani systems and a good member of quacks and faith-healers whom a section of society pinned its faith.
When this
area came under the administration of the British rulers (with the annexation
of
The work
of providing medical relief was greatly accelerated after
Presently all four systems of
medicines, viz. Allopathy, Ayurvedic, Unani and Homeopathy are practised. Of
these Allopathic medical system has become more popular after the
The Government realised that the
indigenous systems of medicine were favoured by the people. Keeping in view,
the Punjab Government in 1953-54 started a
programme of opening of Ayurvedic/Unani dispensaries in the State. The
Directorate of Ayurveda was established in November 1956 and there by the
Government encouraged the indigenous system of medicine by affording facilities
for its promotion and propagation. As on
(b) Vital statistics
Vital statistics forms the basis of our planning a ‘Welfare State’, without these statistics, it is not possible to know for how many we have to plan and what exactly we have to plan. Statistics regarding births and deaths are most important for planning of health programme. These are helpful in determining the growth rate of population and finding the percentage of deaths. The other obvious benefit of this date are for public health and medical care, child welfare projects and in particular, immunization and family welfare programmes, which are implemented after ascertaining the occurrence of birth in various localities. The morbidity and mortality patterns are also revealed through these statistics.
The registration
of births, still births and deaths, commonly known as Civil Registration
System, is a century old practice and this registration was governed by
different rules adopted for urban and rural areas of the
The Director, Health and Family Welfare Punjab is the ex-officio Chief Registrar, Births and Deaths in the State. At the District level, Civil Surgeon is the District Registrar, Births and Deaths. The District Health Officer and in his absence, Assistant Civil Surgeon, has been notified as Additional District Registrar, Births and Deaths to help the District Registrar in discharging his responsibility regarding implementation of the Registration of Births and Deaths Act,1969.
The registration area has been divided in two sectors, i.e. rural areas and urban areas. The registration hierarchy in these sectors is as under:
Rural Areas. - In the rural areas, the Station House Officer of a police station has been notified as the Local Registrar, Births and Deaths for the villages falling under the jurisdiction. Although it is the responsibility of the head of the household to get the vital events registered with the Local Registrar. The services of the Chowkidars are provided to the villagers who record the events in the cowkidara book and get it registered with Local Registrar within the scheduled time limit, i.e. 14 days for births and 7 days for deaths.
Urban Areas.- In the urban areas, the Municipal Corporation/Municipal Councils/Nagar Panchayats are the Local Registration Centres. The Municipal Medical Officer of Health and in his absence, Executive Officer/Secretary/Administrator is the Local Registrar, Births and Deaths. The scheduled time limit for registration of births and deaths in the urban areas is the same as in the rural area.
The birth rate, death rate and infantile mortality rate in the Nawashahr District from 1996 to 2001 are given in the following table:
|
Birth Rate, Death Ate And Infantile
Mortality Rate In The Nawashahr District From 1996 To 2001 |
|||
|
Year |
Birth rate per thousand population |
Death rate per thousand
population |
Infantile monthly rate per thousand live births |
|
1996 |
22.5 |
7.5 |
54 |
|
1997 |
22.3 |
7.4 |
53 |
|
1998 |
21.8 |
7.3 |
52 |
|
1999 |
21.5 |
7.2 |
51 |
|
2000 |
21.4 |
7.2 |
50 |
|
2001 |
21.2 |
7.2 |
50 |
(Source: Civil surgeon, Nawashahr)
Important Causes of Mortality.- The important causes of mortality in the district are typhoid group of fevers from various diseases, diabetes, heart diseases, pneumatic and respiratory diseases. The statistics regarding deaths registered from various diseases in the Nawashahr District, during the year 1995 to 2001 are given below:
|
Year |
Deaths from various diseases |
|
1995 |
185 |
|
1996 |
116 |
|
1997 |
116 |
|
1998 |
132 |
|
1999 |
156 |
|
2000 |
121 |
|
2001 |
113 |
|
(Source : Director Health and Family Welfare |
|
(c) Diseases Common to the
District
The common diseases which occur in the Nawashahr District are typhoid group of fevers, malaria, respiratory diseases (other than tuberculosis), tuberculosis and communicable diseases viz. cholera, plague and small pox. Epidemic diseases, viz. plague, cholra and smallpox are three notified diseases under the Epidemic Disease Act, 1897. Of these plague and small pox have been eradicated or controlled to the effect of no incidence. Although the statistics of mortality due to these diseases cannot be computed for the area constituted the present area of Nawashahr District for the period prior to its formation. Old records testify the facts that the area suffered intermittently from these diseases and the first case of plague was occurred in the present area of the district. The diseases which occur more frequently are called common diseases. These common diseases are briefly described below:
(i) Fevers.- Fevers are generally caused by infections, unhealthy living conditions, unbalanced diet resulting in low resistance. The insanitary conditions, both in rural land urban areas contributes substantially to the increase in infections and contagious diseases. Fevers are one of the main causes of deaths in the district. These include ordinary fevers, typhoid, influenza, pneumonia and other seasonal fevers. These fevers have become almost chronic and it is extremely difficult to eradicate them. In the past, these fevers were cured with various medicines, including quinine. But at present, the sulpha drugs and antibiotics are becoming popular, as they have been found to be more effective. Steps have been taken by the medical authorities to control the spread of fever through timely check-up, blood testing, inoculations and distributions of tablets, medicines and drugs.
With the employment of effective measures to prevent the fevers, there are now less deaths as compared to the past.
(ii) Respiratory Diseases.- Respiratory diseases are also among the common diseases, which are responsible for the deaths in the district The main causes are unhygienic conditions, dinghy residential accommodations, smoke from domestic fuels burnt in unscientific fire places, polluted air and contaminated water. Smoke irritates the eyes, the throat and the lungs constantly which causes tracoma and disease of lungs and event tuberculosis. The insanitary conditions in the slums also cause the out breaks of these diseases. Smokey and dinghy rooms without smoke outlets, windows and ventilations cause breathing troubles and respiratory diseases. Allergic diseases viz. bronchitis and asthma are also caused by environmental pollution. In order to check the spread of such diseases, the Factories Act, 1948 lays down that there should be a proper disposal of gases entering the atmosphere and any harmful effluents should be removed to far-off places where they do not adversely affect the health of the people. These measures have brought down the mortality figures considerably. The number of deaths in the Nawashahr District, due to bronchitis and asthma have been decreased from 2 in 1995 to nil in 2001
(iii) Malaria.- Malaria is a
communicable disease which spreads in the community by the bite of certain
female Anopheles mosquitoes. It is caused by blood, parasite called
“plasmodium” which is present in the blood of Malaria patients. Malaria has
been undoubtedly the most important public health problem, in the State. It is
essentially a rural problem and general poverty and backwardness of rural areas
are a hurdle, which the people of affected area can not be expected to surmount
as they have no means to do so. It was dreadful disease for years together.
Malaria epidemics occur from year to year after excessive monsoon rainfall.
Quinine the only remedy for Malaria was distributed in rural areas through
various agencies. It no doubt lowered the incidence but could not eradicate the
diseases. It was only after the
At the time of
The Malaria unit in Nawashahr District is manned by 16 Laboratory Technicians, 97 Multipurpose Hearth Workers, 23 Multipurpose Supervisor and besides miscellaneous Class IV staff.
Malaria Clinic.- There are 18 Malaria clinics in the Nawashahr District. The blood slides of every fever case is prepared and is examined immediately. If found positive for the malaria; parasite, then radical treatment is given immediately on the same day. Data regarding collection and examination if blood slides, malaria cases found positive (P Vivex and P. Faleiplarum), radical treatment given and API for the year 1996 to 2001 is given below:
|
Blood
slides Cases found
positive |
|||||||||
|
|
Collected Examined |
Vivex Faleiparum
|
Radical treatment |
API |
Malaria
Cases |
||||
|
1996 |
92,339 |
92,339 |
972 |
6 |
965 |
1.6 |
978 |
||
|
1997 |
85,091 |
85,091 |
943 |
.. |
941 |
1.5 |
943 |
||
|
1998 |
89,799 |
89,799 |
25 |
.. |
25 |
.04 |
25 |
||
|
1999 |
90,162 |
90,162 |
9 |
.. |
9 |
.01 |
9 |
||
|
2000 |
84,534 |
84,534 |
8 |
.. |
8 |
.01 |
8 |
||
|
2001 |
79,684 |
79,684 |
5 |
.. |
6 |
.009 |
6 |
||
(Source: Civil Surgeon
Nawashahr)
(iv) Communicable Diseases.- Plague, cholera and small pox are the main communicable diseases (epidemic diseases) notified under Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897. Out of these three plague is not endemic whereas other two are endemic Small pox has been eradicated and the plague has now become non existent. A brief descript of each of these is given below:
Plague
The history of plague in the area of present district
and in the whole of
Cholera
Cholera is one of the most dreaded communicable diseases. It is an epidemic caused by infected water and drinks. Symptoms of cholera are profuse and painless diarrhea and vomiting. In recent years, there has been a considerable decrease in the incidence of cholera in the district. Incidence of cholera has been controlled due to various preventive measures taken by the medical authorities. These comprise, proper arrangements for the disposal of refuse, human excreta, protection of eatables and supply of safe drinking water, pollution control, anti fly measures and mass inoculation of hospitals and dispensaries. Similar preventive measures are taken on the eve of various fairs held in the district so that the contagious diarrhea is not imported from outside. No death with cholera has been reported in the district during 2000-2001.
Small Pox
Small pox
is an acute viral disease. Even though the vaccination against small pox was
introduced in the early years of twentieth century, the small pox used to be
one of the leading cause of death and disfigurement of face in the past. The
virulence of disease has been successfully reduced by vaccination under
National Small Pox Eradication Programme (N.S.E.P) which has launched in the
country in 1962-63. As a result of intensive vaccination drive, the disease has
been completely eradicated from the State as well from the Country. In April
1977,
(v) Tuberculosis.-Tuberculosis, as in the case with entire State, is one of the major public health problem in the district. it is spread by a germ called Mycrobacterium tuberculosis. Poverty leading to anaemia, malnutrition, poor health and ignorance of tuberculosis patients are the main causes for the rapid prevalence of the disease. It has been persisting because of the spread of infection and less resistance among the people. Since the cure of tuberculosis requires a sufficient long time, domiciliary treatment is carried out in all the medical institutions of the district. After diagnosis, medicines are prescribed and necessary precautions are explained to the patients so that they could continue their treatment staying at home. Previously the stress had been on treatment of cases both at sanatoria and in hospitals but now treatment given to make cases non-infectious and thereafter the patients are advised to continue treatment at home.
In order to control the problem of tuberculosis the National Tuberculosis Control Programme (NTCP) has been launched in the country in 1962. The aim of the programme is to reduce the infection in the community so that not only the existing patients are cured but the danger of fresh infection to the susceptible population is reduced. This programme envisages integration of specialized T.B. Service at the district headquarters with the general medical service at the periphery in the rural areas. All cases having cough, fever and weight loss from quite a long period are examined in T.B. treatment centres. B.C.G. vaccination programme is being conducted as an integral part of NTCP. The District T.B. Officer supervises the set up to eradicate tuberculosis from the district. During the year 2000-2001, there were 6 X-Ray Centres, 7 Microscopic Centres and 181 Referral Centres in the Nawashahr District. The number of patients treated under National Programme for the Control of Tuberculosis from 1995-96 to 2000-2001 in the Nawashahr District is given below:
|
Year |
Persons given treatment |
|
1995-96 |
31 |
|
1996-97 |
132 |
|
1997-98 |
105 |
|
1998-99 |
121 |
|
1999-2000 |
102 |
|
2000-2001 |
192 |
(Source: Civil Surgeon Nawashahr)
(d) Medical and
Public Health Services
The Health and Family Welfare Department in the State
deals with the medical relief, preventive health services and sanitation. After
In the Nawashahr District, Civil surgeon is assisted by 95 Medical Officers, 12 Dental Surgeon, 1 Chief Pharmacists, 7 Pharmacists Grade-1, 76 Pharmacists and miscellaneous Class-III and Class-IV staff.
Hospitals, Community Health Centres/ Primary Health Centres/Subsidiary
Health Centres and Dispensaries
The main objective of Department of Health and Family Welfare is to provide positive health to people of the State. Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity. In order to achieve this objective, an integrated structure of health services was involved in the State integrating the curative and preventive services at all levels under one Chief Executive i.e. Director, Health and Family Welfare. The development of indegenous system of medicine has also gained considerable tempo in recent years. The Ayurvedic, Unani and Homoeopathic systems have gained much popularity amongst the masses. Considering this the Government have opened a number of Ayurvedic/Unani and Homoeopathic dispensaries in the district.
During 2000-2001, the Government had spent Rs 7,43,73,412 on health services in the Nawashahr District.
Allopathic Medical
Institutions.- There is a gradual increase in the number of allopathic medical
institutions in this area since the
formation of Nawashahr as a separate district. As on 31 March 2001 , there were 78 allopathic medical institutions in
the district. The tahsil-wise and area-wise break-up is given below:
|
Tahsil |
Rural |
Urban |
Total |
|
Nawashahr |
45 |
4 |
49 |
|
Balachaur |
28 |
1 |
29 |
|
Nawashahr District |
73 |
5 |
78 |
(Source: Civil Surgeon, Nawashahr)
The
management-wise break-up of the above allopathic institutions is 75 State
Public and 3 State Special. The list of hospitals, community health centres,
primary health centres and subsidiary health centres and dispensaries
functioning in the Nawashahr District as on
Ayurvedic and
Unani Medical Institutions.- There were 24 Ayurvedic and 1 Unani Government
institutions in the Nawashahr District during 2000-2001. Out of these 25
dispensaries, 15 were functioning in Nawashahr Tahsil and remaining 10 were
functioning in Balachaur Tahsil and all were located in the rural areas. All
these institutions are under the control of Director Ayurveda,
The
detailed list of the dispensaries functioning in the Nawashahr District as on
Homoeopathic
Medical Institutions.- In Nawashahr
District, there were 3 homoeopathic dispensaries one each
at Nawashahr, Mirpur Jattan
and Balachaur as on
Government Hospitals and Nursing Homes
Civil Hospital Nawashahr.- This hospital was opened in 1974. It has 50 beds (25 for males and 25 for females). The hospital is manned by 1 Senior Medical Officer, 9 Medical Officers, 4 Pharmacists, 4 ANMs and 1 Radiographer besides other allied Class III and miscellaneous Class IV staff. The hospital provides specialized medical facilities in various fields viz. Medicine, General Surgery, E.N.T., Paediatrics, Orthopedics, Ophthalmology, Gynecology, etc. The hospital also provides facilities such as ultrasounds, X-ray, E.C.G., etc. It has its own ambulance to provide service to the patients . Besides other tests the HIV tests are done in its clinical laboratories. The number of indoor and outdoor patients given treatment in the hospital during the year 2001 was 2,073 and 35,245, respectively.
Civil Hospital Banga.-It was established in April 1979 as a 30 bedded hospital. It is manned by 1 Senior Medical Officer, 8 Medical Officer, 3 Pharmacists, 4 Staff Nurses, 4 Radiographer, 2 Laboratory Technicians, 1 Nursing Sister besides other allied Class III and miscellaneous Class IV staff. The specialized medical facilities available in the hospital are Gynecology and Maternity, Surgery, E.N.T., Ophthalmology, Radiology, Pathological investigations, etc. A blood bank is also functioning in the hospital. The number of indoor and outdoor patients treated in hospital during the year 2001 was 1,378 and 41,593 respectively.
Rural Hospitals.- Rural hospitals are located at the local points and some important village of the district to provide better medical facilities to the rural people. The bed strength in these hospitals vary from 10 to 30. The medical facilities in all these hospitals provided to the patients include those of medicine, obstetrics and gynaecology, X-ray, E.C.G. clinical tests, etc. As on 31 march 2001, in Nawashar District, four rural hospitals were functioning at Balachaur, Sandhwan pharala, Sujjon and Kamam.
Cummunity Health Centres/ Primary Health Centres.- Keeping in view the Central Government policy of providing more and better medical facilities to the people Community Health Centres (CHC) and Primary Health Centres (PHC) have been established in the States. The CHCs, have more than two medical officers where the PHCs have at least two medical officers one of whom is a lady officer. There is a provision of 30 beds ( 15 each for men and women) in a CHC and 4 beds ( 2 each for men and women)in a PHC. The main basic services provided through CHC/PHC are: curative services, family welfare, health services and environments sanitation. The CHC/PHC coordinates the working of all Subsidiary Health Centres in the area in all fields and especially in the effected implementation of various National Health Programmes. As on 31 March, 2001 in Nawashahr District, the CHC/PHC were functioning at Balachaur, Kathgarh, Saroya, Sahiba, Pojewal, Mazafarpur, Jadala, Jabowal, Bharta Khurd, Mukandpur, Khan Khana, Aur, Sujjon, Khatkar Kalan, Kataria, Behram.
Blood Bank
One
blood bank has been established during the year 2000-01 in Government Civil
Hospital, Banga. Blood donation camps are organized in the district and people
are persuaded to donate blood liberally for suffering humanity. During 2000-2001, the blood bank collected
and transfused 200 units of blood.
Diseases
Eradication and Control Programmes
The main objective of the department of Health and Family Welfare to provide positive health services to people of districts. In order to achieve this objective, it is essential to provide a high priority to health i.e. prevention of diseases and infirmity. Since independence, several measures have been undertaken by the Central Government to improve the health of the people. Important among these measures are: The National Health Programmes, which have been launched by the Central Government for the control/eradication of various diseases, improvement of environmental sanitation, raising the standard of nutrition, control of population and improving rural health. Various international agencies like WHO, UNICEF, UNFRA World Bank, etc., have also been providing technical and material assistance in the implementation of these programmes, which are given below:
National Family Welfare
Programme
The rapid growth of population is the main obstacle in the way of economic development. The death rate has come very low due to the improvement of medical facilities. Hence the gap in vital rates has resulted in high growth rate. In order to curtail the high birth rate the family planning programme was launched in the country in 1952. The concept of welfare is very comprehensive and is basically related to quality of life. The recognition of its welfare concept came only a decade and half after its inception when it was named Family Welfare Programme.
The objective of the family welfare programme is to adopt the small family norm to stabilize the population of the country. The programme initially adopted the Model of 3-child family. In view of the seriousness of the situation, the 1980’s campaign has advocated 2-child norm. A significant achievement of the family welfare programme in India has been the decline in the fertility rate from 6.4 in the 1950’s to 3.2 in 1983. All efforts are being made through mass communication that the concept of small family norm is accepted, adopted and woven into life style of the people.
The Family Welfare Programme is a centrally sponsored scheme and the States receive 100 percent assistance from the Central Government. The Secretary to the Government of India in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is the overall incharge of the Department of Family Welfare which was created in 1966. The National Institute of Health and Family Welfare acts as an apex technical institute for promoting health and family welfare in the country through education training service, research and evaluation.
The Director, Health Services (Family Welfare) ,Punjab is officer in charge for the implementation of Family Welfare Programme in the State. He is further assisted by Deputy Director (Family Welfare), Assistant Director (Family Welfare) and Assistant Director (I.U.D.) and Assistant Director (MCH).
The District Family Welfare Officer, Nawashahr is responsible for effective realization of objectives of this programme in the District.
The present approval in Family Welfare Programme is to provide a ‘Cafeteria Choice’ viz. conventional contraceptives, oral pills, IUDs and sterilization.
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, (MTP-Act) was enacted in 1971 and the rules thereunder framed by the Government of India in February 1972, which came into force with effect from 1 April 1972. Later, the Government of India introduced MTP Rules, 1975, whereby MPT Board has been constituted for certifying places and doctors and the old MTP, Rules automatically ceased functioning. The Punjab Government notified these Rules on 7 April 1976. Under these Rules, the Government hospitals do not require any certification. These are considered approved places, provided MTP trained/qualified doctor is posted in the hospital and necessary medicines, equipment, etc., are available there. The private hospitals are required to procure the approval of the Government before functioning as MTP centres.
Intensive propaganda through lectures, film shows, exhibitions, publicity, literature, etc. is done in the district in order to educate people in respect of family welfare. As a result, the number of total acceptors of various methods of family welfare have been increasing from year to year. The progress of sterilization operations, IUD insertions and MTP in Nawashahr District during 1995-96 to 2000-2001 is given below:
|
Year |
Sterilization |
I.U.D Insertions |
No. of M.T.P. |
|||
|
1995-96 |
708 |
4048 |
158 |
|
||
|
1996-97 |
1192 |
3941 |
187 |
|
||
|
1997-98 |
1243 |
4048 |
242 |
|
||
|
1998-99 |
1451 |
2124 |
385 |
|
||
|
1999-2000 |
1475 |
4847 |
383 |
|
||
|
2000-2001 |
1650 |
4782 |
526 |
|
||
|
(Source: Civil Surgeon, Nawashahr) |
||||||
National Programme for Control of Blindness
This
programme was launched in 1976 and incorporates the earlier Trachoma Control,
Programme, which was started in 1968. The ultimate goal of this programme is to
reduce blindness in the country from 1.4 per cent to 0.3 per cent, to provide
comprehensive eye care through primary health care. Each primary health centre
and district hospital is provided with Ophthalmic Assistant. Since cataract is
the main cause of blindness, targets have been laid down for cataract
operations. The cataract is curable by simple operation. Curable cases of blindness are treated by holding eye camps at
various institutions for cataract and glaucoma operations. Corneal blindness is
treated by corneal transplant operation at specialized institutions. The
cataract operations are done at the district and tahsil level hospitals.
The
voluntary organisations have been encouraged to organise eye camps in remote
rural and urban areas as per guidelines issued by the State authorities. A number
of such organizations are functioning in the district and are active in
providing eye health education, preventive, rehabilitative and surgical
services for control of blindness.
The
District Eye Mobile Unit, Nawashahr was established during 1995-96. Mobile
teams having eye Surgeons, Ophthalmic Assistants and supporting staff with
mobile van used to go from district headquarter to different villages and far
off places to do cataract operation at the door steps of their patients.
The
number of patients treated/operated and
camps organized under National Programme for Control of Blindness from 1995-96 to 2000-2001 in the Nawashahr is given below:
|
Year |
Number of camps organized |
Number of patients operated
|
||
|
1995-96 |
- |
- |
|
|
|
1996-97 |
8 |
1,086 |
|
|
|
1997-98 |
12 |
1,303 |
|
|
|
1998-99 |
10 |
1,368 |
|
|
|
1999-2000 |
13 |
1,480 |
|
|
|
2000-2001 |
14 |
1,592 |
|
|
|
(Source : Civil Surgeon, Nawashahr ) |
||||
National AIDS Control Programme
AIDS
(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) was first classified as a disease in 1981
and in 1984 HIV (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus) was identified as the cause for
it. There is no cure for it when a person is infected with the disease. Hence
the measures are carried on by the Government to control and to prevent the
spread of the disease. AIDS is a dreaded
disease which spreads mainly due to hetro-sexual contact and unsafe blood
transfusion. Other routes of transmission like intravenous drug abuse or
perinatal spread. To control the spread of this dreaded disease, the Government
of India, in 1985 constituted a task force. It began by Pilot Screening
Programme of high-risk population. National AIDS Control Programme has been
launched under the aegis of Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in 1987
at central level. In 1991, a strategic plan for prevention and control of AIDS
was developed with the help of WHO and World Bank, it was implemented in 1992.
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has set up a National AIDS Control
Organisation as a separate wing to implement and closely monitor the various
components of the programme.
AIDS Control Programme was launched in Punjab
State during 1992-93 as a 100 percent centrally sponsored scheme. AIDS control cell
has been created in the Directorate headed by Deputy Director AIDS. Civil
Surgeons have been directed to designate one of their District Officers as
Nodal Officers. Information about AIDS has been disseminated to the people
through Health Education Camps.
The
Government of India has established Surveillance Centres at different places
for screening persons practicing high risk
behaviour and Zonal Blood Testing Centres in large cities for screening
all pooled plasma for HIV infection and screening blood samples received from
blood banks.
One State level Surveillance Centre along with Sentinel Centre has been established at Medical College, Amritsar. Three Zonal Blood Testing Centres have been established in the State one each in medical colleges of Amritsar and Patiala and at Civil Hospital, Ludhiana. The number of HIV Positive cases in Nawashahr District during the 1995 to 2001 is given below:
|
Year |
Number of HIV positive cases |
|
1995 |
23 |
|
1996 |
22 |
|
1997 |
34 |
|
1998 |
25 |
|
1999 |
34 |
|
2000 |
25 |
|
2001 |
28 |
(Source: Civil Surgeon,
Nawashahr)
National Leprosy Eradication Programme
Leprosy is the oldest disease which is
neither hereditary nor contagious. About 95 per cent people are naturally
immune to the leprosy germs. National
Leprosy Control Programme has been launched in the country during 1955-56. With
the availability of highly effective treatment of leprosy, the programme was
re-designated as National Leprosy Eradication Programme in 1983 with the
objective to eliminate the leprosy in the country. Punjab is a low prevalence
State so far the leprosy is concerned.
In
Punjab, at the State headquarters, there are Zonal Leprosy units to supervise
and review the achievements under National Leprosy Eradication Programme. At
each district headquarters there is one Urban Leprosy Centre. One Urban Leprosy
Centre is functioning at Nawashahr under the supervision, guidance and control
of District Tuberculosis-cum-Leprosy Officer.
The number of persons given treatment
under the programme during the years 1996-97 to 2000-2001 is given below:
Year
Persons given
treatment
1996-97 ..
1997-98
29
1998-99
40
1999-2000
35
2000-2001
33
(Source: Civil Surgeon, Nawashahr)
Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme
This programme has been introduced as a part of the overall strategy for reduction of infant mortality rate, child mortality rate, natural mortality and reduction in low birth-weight babies. To achieve these objectives, Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme was started in the State in August 1992 with financial assistance of World Bank and UNICEF. The health measures relating to women and children, prior the launching of this scheme, has been included in it besides widening its scope in this respect. The important schemes run under this programme are detailed below:
Universal Immunization Programme.-
After the success of Small Pox Eradication
Programme, immunization was considered as the most powerful and cost effective
weapon against vaccine preventable diseases. In 1974 the World Health
Organisation (WHO) launched its "Expanded Programme on Immunization"
(EPI) against six most common preventable childhood diseases viz. diphtheria,
pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus, poliomyelitis, tuberculosis and measles.
The Government of India launched its EPI in 1978 with the objective of reducing
the mortality and morbidity resulting from vaccine-preventable diseases of
childhood and to achieve self-sufficiency in the production of vaccines. EPI
was renamed as 'Universal Child Immunization' (UCI) during the same year. In
India, Universal Immunization Programme was started in 1985. It has two vital
components, immunization of pregnant women against tetanus and immunization of
children in their first year of life against six EPI target diseases. The whole
of the Punjab State has been covered under the programme upto 1989.
The immunization services have been provided in the State through the existing health care delivery system i.e. maternity and child health centres, primary health centres, subsidiary health centres, hospitals and dispensaries.
The achievement under the 'Universal
Immunization Programme’ in the Nawashahr
District, during the
years 1995-96 to 2000-2001 is given Below:
|
Year |
DPT/Polio |
BCG |
Measles |
|||
|
1995-96 |
3,979 |
3,072 |
1,559 |
|
||
|
1996-97 |
46,676 |
10,776 |
2,124 |
|
||
|
1997-98 |
12,683 |
14,070 |
11,461 |
|
||
|
1998-99 |
12,981 |
13,121 |
10,202 |
|
||
|
1999-2000 |
13,922 |
12,842 |
11,142 |
|
||
|
2000-2001 |
11,220 |
14,446 |
12,016 |
|
||
|
( Source:
Civil Surgeon, Nawashahr) |
||||||
Prophylaxis Against Nutritional Anemia Amongst
Mothers and Children.- Anemia is quite common
during pregnancy, because the existing nutritional deficiencies are aggravated
by demand of pregnancy and nursing of children and prevalence of high incidence
of worm infestation. To prevent and counter the adverse effects of these
deficiencies, Iron and Folic Acid tablets are given to the mothers and children
for 100 days.
The achievement under the
Programme during the years
1995-96 to 2000-2001 is given hereunder:
|
Year Iron
and Folic Acid tablets given
|
||
|
1995-96 |
10,616 |
8,184 |
|
1996-97 |
12,688 |
10,204 |
|
1997-98 |
10,273 |
14,564 |
|
1998-99 |
10,478 |
14,324 |
|
1999-2000 |
12,323 |
12,881 |
|
2000-2001 |
11,220 |
13,260 |
(Source: Civil Surgeon, Nawashahr)
Prophylaxis Against Blindness Caused Due to Vitamin 'A"
Deficiency.- Xerophealimia
(nutritional blindness) is attributed to nutritional deficiency of Vitamin 'A'.
Keratomaliacia has been the major cause of nutritional blindness in children
usually between 1-3 years of age. To prevent blindness among the children
caused due to Vitamin 'A' deficiency, highly concentrated solution of Vitamin
‘A’ is given to children at an interval of 6 months till the age of 3 years.
The achievement under the programme
during the years 1995-96 to
2000-2001 is given here under:
|
Year |
No. of children given the dose of Vitamin ‘A’ |
|
|
1995-96 |
1,884 |
|
|
1996-97 |
8,139 |
|
|
1997-98 |
9,021 |
|
|
1998-99 |
9,289 |
|
|
1999-2000 |
10,291 |
|
|
2000-2001 |
10,982 |
|
(Source: Civil Surgeon, Nawashahr )
School Health Programme
The
aim of the School Health Programme is to provide comprehensive health care to the
school children. It comprises medical examination, treatment and correctional
remedies. The school children are also guided in forming habits and practices
that are necessary to promote their best growth. The entire State of Punjab was
brought under the School Health Programme by the year 1986. In the Nawashahr
District, four School Health Clinics are functioning at Nawashahr, Balachaur, Banga and Rahon.
Under
this programme, school children are being immunised against horrified diseases.
Medical check-up of all students belonging to primary and middle schools (both
government and recognized private schools) is done twice a year. A team of
doctors visits all the schools to examine the students and provides them
curative, referral and follow-up services.
Health
education on various health topics is given to students and teachers. The
doctors also advise the school authorities about proper water supply, good
sanitation, cleanliness and help them to observe health fortnights. Under this
scheme, about 75,265 students examined in the Nawashahr District during the
year 2000-2001.
Prevention of Food
Adulteration Programme
The Punjab Government passed the Prevention of the Food Adulteration Act in 1954 for checking the adulteration of foodstuffs. This Act replaced the Punjab Pure Food Act 1929. The Food Adulteration Programme is implemented in the State under the supervision of Director, Health Services (Family Welfare) Punjab, who has been notified as State Food (Health) Authority. He is assisted by Additional Director, Health (Food & Drugs). At the District level Civil Surgeon has been notified as Local (Health) Authority and is responsible for the implementation of prevention of adulteration programme in the district. He is assisted by 1 District Health Officer, 1 whole-time Food Inspector and a number of designated Food Inspectors.
The licenses for selling foodstuffs are issued by the municipal corporation/municipal councils/nagar panchayats. All concerns dealing in sale, stock is preparations of edible articles are subject to inspection by the team of Food Inspectors. In order to check and detect food adulteration, the samples are seized by Food Inspectors in joint raiding parties, comprising a number of Food Inspectors, under the supervision of a team leader arranged by Local (Health) Authorities. Ordinarily no single food Inspector is permitted to seize the sample by him self. Under this Act the Local (Health) Authorities have to seize a fixed number of samples. Special raids are also arranged on direction from higher authorities.. These samples are sent to the State Food Laboratory, Chandigarh for chemical examination and analysis. Those found guilty of adulteration are prosecuted.
The number of samples found adulterated and prosecutions launched in the Nawashahr District during 1995 to 2001 are given below:
|
Year |
Samples seized |
Samples found adulterated |
Prosecutions launched |
|
1995 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
|
1996 |
152 |
8 |
8 |
|
1997 |
143 |
19 |
19 |
|
1998 |
93 |
4 |
4 |
|
1999 |
68 |
1 |
1 |
|
2000 |
30 |
1 |
1 |
|
2001 |
82 |
7 |
7 |
( Source: Civil Surgeon, Nawashahr)
(e) Sanitation
The level of sanitation was far from satisfactory even in the urban areas and position was much worse in rural areas. The use of polluted water, soil pollution by indiscriminate defecation and lack of proper drainage system gave rise to various diseases like gastro enteritis, diarrhea, dysantery, malaria, cholera, etc. In order to improve the environmental sanitation, the Government of India launched a National Water Supply and Sanitation Programme in 1954. The Punjab State has been participating in the scheme since its inception. It envisage to prevent spread of water-borne communicable diseases such as cholera, diarrhea and typhoid to check contamination of food, water and milk due to insanitary disposal of human excreta; to provide tapped water supply and replacement of dry latrines with flush latrines and to free the sweepers engaged in sub human system of collection, handling and transporting human excreta from this unhygienic and humiliating practice. Under the National water Supply and Sanitation Programme loans up to 100 per cent are given by the Government to municipal councils for their water supply schemes. Suitable grants are also given to deserving municipal councils. For financing sewerage schemes, loans upto 75 per cent and grants upto 25 per cent are given to the local bodies.
(i) Public Health and Sanitation in Urban Areas.- In the urban areas, sanitation work is looked after by the Municipal Councils/Nagar Panchayats. These have been entrusted with the work of providing various civic and other amenities. In the Nawashahr District, all the Municipal Councils/Nagar Panchayats have arrangements for cleanliness of the towns by employing a number of scavengers. The sweepers are deployed by the Municipal Councils/Nagar Panchayats to collect the rubbish with the help of hand driven rehries and tractor trolleys from the streets, lanes and roads before dumping it into main compost grounds of the towns. The total numbers of sewerage connection provided in the towns of the district upto 31 March 2001 were 2,029. There is good provision for water supply in the municipal towns Nawashahr, Banga and Balachaur of the District. The total numbers of water connections provided in these towns up to 31 March 2001 were 8,557.
(ii) Rural Sanitation and Water Supply.- Under the present set up, arrangement for sanitation are looked after by Gram Panchayats. The block development staff takes up the responsibility in respect of the area under their jurisdiction. The primary health centres established in the block area, are the chief center of these activities. The main functions of the Public Health (RWS) are to provide tapped drinking water in the villages besides installing hand pumps. The installation of tube wells in the villages has taken the plea of open wells for the use of drinking water purposes. Gram Panchayats also look after the sanitation of villages. For providing better and hygienic living conditions in the villages, the Model Village Scheme has been started. Under this scheme a few villages are selected as model villages where the streets are paved, drains are constructed and arrangements are made for the sullage water. As on 31 March 2001, out of 465 inhabited villages, 452 have been identified as water scarcity villages, in the Nawashahr District and out of these 262 water scarcity villages, have been covered under water supply scheme.
(iii) Punjab Pollution Control Board.- The main objective of the Board is to prevent or abate water and air pollution, maintain and restore the whole soreness of water and quality of air. In conforming with the objective, the Board is vested with the authority to oversee, within the State of Punjab, the application of the laws and rules relating to pollution control. The various acts are water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 as amended in 1988; Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977; Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution Act), 1981 as amended in 1987; Environment (Protection) Act, 1986; Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 as amended in 2000; Manufacturing, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals, Amendment, 2000; Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991; Bio-Medical Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998; ‘Recycled Plastic Manufacture and Usages Rules, 1999; Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000.
The main functions of the Board are Pollution Control Regulatory Functions; Pollution Assessment; Laying down of the Standards for effluent and Emissions, Research and Development including set up of Demonstration Plants; Environment Awareness Programme; Advisory Role; Establishment of Laboratories and implementation of above mentioned Acts.
In order to achieve the above functions, the general approach of the Board is; to control pollution at the source with due regard to techno-economic-feasibility for liquid effluents as well as gaseous emissions; to ensure that natural waters are not polluted by discharge of untreated effluents, to maximize revise tree yelling of wastes and to use the treated effluents on land for irrigation and for industrial purposes after appropriate treatment; and to minimize pollution control requirements by judicious location of new industries and relocation of existing industries wherever necessary.
The strategy of the Board is to take up highly polluting large and medium industries grossly polluted river stretches on priority basis for control of pollution; promotional measures and assistance through incentives guidelines; development of cost effective technologies and putting up of demonstration plants are also the part of the strategy. Efforts have also been made for creation of awareness about environmental pollution by educating the industries and local authorities to take preventive measures for the control of the pollution.
There is no office of pollution control Board in the Nawashahr District and the areas of the district falls under the jurisdiction of Environmental Engineer, Regional Office, Hoshiarpur who is under the administrative control of Senior Environmental Engineer, Jalandhar. There were 14 large and medium scale units and 104 small scale units functioning in the district during 2000-2001, out of these 12 large land medium scale units have installed water purified devices and air screening devices. In small scale sector 5 units have installed water purified devices and 77 have installed air screening devices. During 2000-2001, 106 units were detected as green category units.
Punjab Health Systems Corporation
The Corporation has been
incorporated under the Punjab Health Systems Corporation Act, 1996 ( The Punjab
Act No. 6 of 1996) to bring more administrative flexibility for implementation
of The "Second State Health System Development Project" with the
World Bank assistance to upgrade health services in the State. The main
functions of the Corporation are: to formulate and implement the schemes for
the comprehensive development of the dispensaries and hospitals; to construct
and maintain dispensaries and hospitals and maintenance of cleanliness therein;
to implement National Health Programmes as per the directions of the State; to
purchase, maintain and allocate quality equipment to various dispensaries and
hospitals; to procure stock and distribute drugs, diet, linen and other
consumables among the dispensaries and hospitals; to provide services of
specialists and super-specialists in various hospitals; to enter into
collaboration for super-specialists with health institutions both within the
country or abroad to provide better medical care; to receive donations, funds
and the like from the general public and institutions from both within and
outside India; to receive grants or contributions which may be made by the
Government on such conditions as it may impose, to provide for construction of
houses to the employees of the dispensaries and hospitals and maintenance thereof
by mobilizing resources for financing institutions; to plan, construct and
maintain commercial complexes, paying wards and providing diagnostic services
and treatment on payment basis and to utilise the receipts for the improvement
of the hospitals and dispensaries; to run public utility service and undertake
any other activity of commercial nature for the delivery of health care within
or without the hospital premises directly or in collaboration with private or
voluntary agency on contract basis; to engage specialized agencies or
individuals in the relevant disciplines directly or from external sources for
the efficient and expeditious conduct of any of the functions detailed above
and to provide immediate treatment in case of emergency and for unaccompanied
patients.
To
provide better health services, the Punjab Health Systems Corporation has taken
over 5 institutions viz. Nawashar, Balachaur, Banga, Mukkandpur and Saroya in
the Nawashahr District.
APPENDIX-I (vide page
367)
List of Hospitals /Primary Health Centres/Community Health Centres/
Subsidiary Health Centers / Dispensaries /Clinics in the Nawashahr District as
on
|
Serial No. |
Name
of the Institution |
Tahsil |
Number of Bedes
Male Female |
Rural/ Urbn |
Type of Management |
||
|
Block
Nawashahr |
|||||||
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
|
|
1 |
C.H.
Nawashahr |
Nawashahr |
25 |
25 |
Urban |
State Public |
|
|
2 |
CHC
Banga & CH Banga |
-do |
15 |
15 |
-do- |
-do- |
|
|
3 |
Civil
Dispensary Rohan |
-do |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do- |
|
|
4 |
Canal
Dispensary Nawashahr |
-do- |
1 |
0 |
-do- |
-do- |
|
|
Block
Balachaur |
|||||||
|
1 |
R.H.Balachaur |
Balachaur |
15 |
15 |
-do |
-do |
|
|
2 |
PHC
Balachaur |
-do |
0 |
0 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
3 |
SHC
Takkarana |
-do |
2 |
2 |
Rural |
-do |
|
|
4 |
Mini
PHC Pathiau Khurd |
-do |
2 |
2 |
-do |
-do |
|
|
5 |
SHC
Simbal Muzara |
-do |
2 |
2 |
-do |
-do |
|
|
6 |
SHC
Gari Kanungo |
-do |
2 |
2 |
-do |
-do |
|
|
7 |
SHC
Nanowal Bet |
-do |
2 |
2 |
-do |
-do |
|
|
8 |
SHC
Mutton |
-do |
2 |
2 |
-do |
-do |
|
|
9 |
PHC
Kathgarh |
-do |
2 |
2 |
-do |
-do |
|
|
10 |
SHC
Nighi |
-do |
2 |
2 |
-do |
-do |
|
|
11 |
SHC
Rattowal |
-do |
2 |
2 |
-do |
-do |
|
|
12 |
SHC
Bhadi |
-do |
2 |
2 |
-do |
-do |
|
|
13 |
SHC
Nawanpini Tapperian |
-do |
2 |
2 |
-do |
-do |
|
|
14 |
SHC
Thopiah |
-do |
2 |
2 |
-do |
-do |
|
|
15 |
ESI
Disp.Asron |
-do |
0 |
0 |
-do |
-do |
|
|
16 |
ESI
Disp. Rail Majra |
-do |
0 |
0 |
-do |
-do |
|
|
17 |
SHC
Bana Tansa |
-do |
2 |
2 |
-do |
-do |
|
|
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
|
|
Block
Saroya |
|||||||
|
1 |
CHC
Saroya |
-do |
15 |
15 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
2 |
PHC
Saroya |
-do |
0 |
0 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
3 |
PHC Sahiba |
-do |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
4 |
PHC
Pojewal |
-do |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
5 |
SHC
Karwar |
-do |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
6 |
SHC Mehdipur |
-do |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
7 |
SHC
Bachhari |
-do |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
8 |
SHC
Chaniani Khurd |
-do |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
9 |
SHC
Nanowal |
-do |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
10 |
SHC
Makhupur |
-do |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
11 |
SHC
Chandpur Rurkee |
-do |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
12 |
PHC
Mazafarpur |
Nawashahr |
4 |
4 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
13 |
PHC
Jadala |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
14 |
PHC
Jabowal |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
15 |
PHC
Bharta Khurd |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
16 |
SHC
Daultpur |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
17 |
SHC
Langroya |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
18 |
SHC
Kulam |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
19 |
SHC
Alachaur |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
20 |
SHC
Karyam |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
21 |
SHC
Ghutaron |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
22 |
SHC
Dupalpur |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
23 |
SHC
Behloor Kalan |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
24 |
SHC
Usmanpur |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
25 |
SHC
Mirpur Jattan |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
Block
Mukandpur |
|||||||
|
1 |
CHC/PHC
Mukandpur |
-do- |
15 |
15 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
2 |
PHC
KhanKhana |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
3 |
PHC
Aur |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
4 |
Rural
Hosp. Kamam |
-do- |
6 |
6 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
5 |
SHC
Langeri |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
6 |
SHC
Raipur Duba |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
|
|
7 |
SHC
Mouara Nauabad |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
8 |
SHC
Garcha |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
9 |
SHC
Phambra |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
10 |
SHC
Chak Dana |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
11 |
SHC
Hakimpur |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
12 |
SHC
Jagatpur |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
13 |
SHC
Herian |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do |
|
|
Block
Sujjon |
|||||||
|
1 |
CHC/PHC
Sujjon |
-do- |
15 |
15 |
-do- |
-do- |
|
|
2 |
RH
Sujjon |
-do- |
0 |
0 |
-do- |
-do- |
|
|
3 |
PHC
Khatkar Kalan |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do- |
|
|
4 |
PHC
Kataria |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do- |
|
|
5 |
PHC
Beheram |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do- |
|
|
6 |
SHC
Mahal Gehla |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do- |
|
|
7 |
SHC
Ucha Ludhana |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do- |
|
|
8 |
SHC
Naura |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do- |
|
|
9 |
SHC
Kariha |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do- |
|
|
10 |
SHC
Kahma |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do- |
|
|
11 |
SHC Nagra |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do- |
|
|
12 |
SHC Jhika Ludhana |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do- |
|
|
13 |
SHC
Gobindpur |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do- |
|
|
14 |
SHC
Cheta |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do- |
|
|
15 |
SHC
Sund |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do- |
|
|
16 |
SHC
Kultham |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do- |
|
|
17 |
SHC
Mandhali |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do- |
|
|
18 |
SHC
Sandhwan Pharala |
-do- |
2 |
2 |
-do- |
-do- |
|
|
19 |
RH
Sandhwan Pharala |
-do- |
15 |
10 |
-do- |
-do- |
|
|
|
Total |
|
252 |
246 |
|
|
|
|
(Source: Director
Health and Family Welfare, Punjab) |
|||||||
RH= Rural Hospitals
PHC= Primary Health Centres
CHC= Community Health Centres
SHC= Subsidiary Health Centres
APPENDIX
II (Vide
page 367)
List of Ayurvedic/ Unani
institutions in the Nawashahr District as on
31 March 2001.
|
Serial No |
Name of the Institution |
Ayurvedic/ Unani |
Rural/ Urban |
Tahsil |
|
1 |
Sarhala Renun |
Ayurvedic |
|
Nawashahar |
|
2 |
Behram |
-do- |
Rural |
-do- |
|
3 |
Bharo Majra |
|
|
-do- |
|
4 |
Chak Guru |
-do- |
-do- |
-do- |
|
5 |
Majrari |
-do- |
-do- |
-do- |
|
6 |
Shikon Pur |
-do- |
-do- |
-do- |
|
7 |
Shehbaj Pur |
-do- |
-do- |
-do- |
|
8 |
Ram |
-do- |
-do- |
-do- |
|
9 |
Mussa Pur |
-do- |
-do- |
-do- |
|
10 |
Bakhlour |
Unani |
-do- |
-do- |
|
11 |
Nohra |
Ayurvedic |
-do- |
-do- |
|
12 |
Garhi Fateh Khan |
-do- |
-do- |
-do- |
|
13 |
Kamam |
-do- |
-do- |
-do- |
|
14 |
Guna chour |
-do- |
-do- |
-do- |
|
15 |
Lodhi Pur |
-do- |
-do- |
-do- |
|
16 |
Advana |
-do- |
-do- |
Balachaur |
|
17 |
Melehwal Kohli |
-do- |
-do- |
-do- |
|
18 |
Ragu Majrs |
-do- |
-do- |
-do- |
|
19 |
SehbagPur |
-do- |
-do- |
-do- |
|
20 |
Majrot |
-do- |
-do- |
-do- |
|
21 |
Kamlgarh |
-do- |
-do- |
-do- |
|
22 |
Chhuchewal |
-do- |
-do- |
-do- |
|
23 |
Mangupur |
-do- |
-do- |
-do- |
|
24 |
Malehwal |
-do- |
-do- |
-do- |
|
25 |
Rurki Muglan |
-do- |
-do- |
-do- |
(Source: Director Ayurveda,