CHAPTER VII

COMMUNICATIONS

The communications system plays a vital role and is an indisputable link in all walks of life. Communications in the modern sense comprise the roadways, railways, waterways, airways, under ground pipe lines, post and telegraphs, telephones, satellite, internet, fax, radio, television, newspapers, etc. Economic development of a particular region depends to a great extent upon these means of communication. Of all these modes of communications, roads are the most universal. This is perhaps the oldest mode of communication too. Roads are described as the circulatory system of a country’s activities, the foundation of commerce, the social well-being and of a development of thought. A good network of roads is of great importance from the economic, military, administrative, cultural and social point of view.

(a) Old-Time Trade Routes and Highways and Modes of Conveyance

There is no information about the roads, highways and other modes of conveyance in the past in the district. As the areas forming present. Nawashahr District formed the part of renowned kingdom of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, before the annexation of Punjab by the British, it is believed to have been traversed by old-time trade routes. In the olden days, the modes of conveyance were not good. Life was restricted to villages and the requirements of people were limited. People travelled on rare occasions, like visits to holy places, for marriages and other social occasions. Mostly journey was performed in groups and often on foot. The bullock-cart and light wheeled carriage pulled by a horse known as ekka or tonga or tum-tum were the chief means of transport. The bullock-cart was a heavy substantial vehicle without springs or tyres, which could stand the longest usage and worst roads. It was used for carrying agricultural operations on the farm. The ekka was employed both for short and long distance and was more dignified than the bullock-carts. Camels, horses and ponies were maintained by the well-to-do persons and were used by the people for undertaking long journeys. With the development of network of railways, roads and airways the old means of transport were being gradually replaced by the modern means of transport such as cars, station wagons, buses, tempoes, trucks, etc.

(b) Road Transport

The State of road transport till the middle of the nineteenth century was very unsatisfactory. During the British period only three roads i.e. Phillaur to Nawashahr; Phagwara to Jadla and Pathankot to Rupnagar were serving the district. The communication between individual villages was in a hopeless condition and the so-called roads were mere tracks formed by village carts across the face of the land became more or less drains during the rainy season. Indian history abounds in reference to road construction activity undertaken in the past and the road policy adopted by different rulers from time to time. With the development of network of roads, railways and airways, the old means of transport are being gradually replaced by the modern means of communication. Road communication was attached a great attention after Independence, each and every village has been connected with metalled roads.

The position of roads in the Nawashahr District during the years 1996-97 to 2000-2001 is given below:

Year	Black Top	Total
1996-97	1,282	1,282
1997-98	1,282	1,282
1998-99	1,700	1,700
1999-2000	1,694	1,694
2000-2001	1,828	1,828

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab 1997 to 2001)

(i) Classification of roads

As per Nagpur Plan of 1943 roads have been classified as National Highways, State Highways, District Major Roads, Other District Roads and Village Approach Roads. A detailed description of each category is given below:

National Highways.- National Highways are defined as main highways. These roads serve as inter-State links and are of national, strategic and administrative importance. These are constructed and maintained by the State Public Works Department with Central Government funds.

State Highways.- These are defined as all other main trunk or arterial roads of a State connected with National Highways, district headquarters and important towns within the State. These roads are maintained by the State Public Works Department and are generally bridged and metalled. They are motorable throughout the year. State Highways are invariably connected with the National Highways.

District Major Roads.- These are roughly of the same specifications as the State Highways and the National Highways. These roads are also maintained by the State Public Works Department. The district major roads serving the district are: Phagwara-Nawashahr- Balachaur road (51.63 km), Ludhiana- Rahon road (11.70 km), Khanna- Samrala- Nawashahr- Garhshankar road (19.87 km).

Other District Roads.- These roads serve as an important arteries of communication between different parts of the district. The more important among them are: Phillaur-Rahon (18.10 km), Rahon-Jadla (11.70 km), Mahilpur-Phagwara upto Behram (5.14 km), Nawashahr-Aur (11.40 km), Banga-Garhshankar (9.33 km), Banga-Phillaur road(13,40 km) (Banga to Mukandpur upto district boundary Nawashahr 8.70, Mukandpur- Apra 4.70 km), Banga-Aur via Sahlon (9.10 km). Kathgarh-Rattewal (6 km),Balachaur- Bhaddi-Nawashahr (23 km) and Balachaur-Garhi (18 km).

Village Approach Roads.- These roads connect villages or groups of villages with one another and with nearest district roads, highways, railways, etc. Village panchayats donate land and give voluntary labour for earthwork. These roads are maintained by the joint efforts of Punjab State Agricultural Marketing Board and State Public Works Department. But the village approach roads of Nawashahr District are exclusively under the jurisdiction of Punjab State Agricultural Marketing Board. The total length of the these roads in the district as on 31 March 2001 was 1,710.56 km.

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(ii) Vehicles and Conveyances

In olden times, the means of transport were very poor. The bullock-cart and a light two-wheeled carriage pulled by a horse known as ekka or tonga were main means of transport. Bullock-cart was used for carrying agricultural produce to the market and for other agricultural operations on the farm. The ekka or tonga was employed for short and long distances for carrying four to six passengers. Four footed pack animals like donkeys, mules, etc. were used for transportation of foodgrains and vegetables from the nearby villages to the markets in the towns. The wooden rehris driven by human beings were used to carry raw materials, cloth, bricks, wood and other goods from one locality to another. Bicycle had also become an essential means of conveyance with the passage of time. With an improvement in communications all the towns/villages has been replaced by fast moving motor vehicles. Motor vehicles entered the field after the termination of First World War when a large number of military vehicles were rendered surplus. Slowly and steadily motor vehicles has become very popular and recently it has under gone such a marked development that a wide range of automobile services are found to be operating in every corner of the district. Of late tractors, although mainly used for agricultural purposes, have also come to be recognized and employed as an important means of transport in the rural areas. Besides automobiles, horse drawn vehicles and hand carts still continue to ply side by side for the transportation of goods from one locality to another.

Automobiles.- The automobiles have made the travel easy and fast and these include motor cycles, scooters, mopeds, cars, pick-up vans, trucks, buses, mini-buses, station wagons, jeeps, taxis, tractors, auto-rickshaws, tempos (three-wheeler motor transport), etc. These have become common means of travel for transportation of goods for short as well as long distance. The increase in the number of automobiles is a marked feature of the post Independence period. The number of different types of motor vehicles registered in the Nawashahr District as on 31 March 1997 to 31 March 2001 is given in Appendix I at page 206.

Bicycles.- The Bicycles appeared in the Indian cities in the beginning of the twentieth century. The bicycle is decidedly a cheaper means of individual transport. For short distances within a city, it is a very handy conveyance. Its operation is economical and its maintenance cost is also very low. Besides, carrying a rider, it has given opportunity to dairymen and cultivators to bring milk and other minor farm products to the towns. It is an essential means of conveyance in towns especially for school going children and poor and lower middle class persons. It is cheap, flexible and convenient. Sometimes hawkers sell their wares on their bicycles.

Cycle Rickshaws.- This transport came on the roads after the Second World War (1939-45) or rather after the Independence. It is more convenient than ekkas or tongas as it can pass through the narrow and zig-zag streets. The development of metalled roads has increased the mobility of cycle rickshaws from the towns to the adjoining villages. Its popularity was largely due to the fact that most of the indigent displaced persons were eager to find quick means of employment and cycle rickshaws required small capital investment or could be procured on hire-purchase basis or on payment of a specified daily rent for plying it. The well-to-do rickshaw pullers purchase their own rickshaws while other obtain them on hire.

The Punjab Government has formed bye-laws for the well being of the rickshaw-pullers. Only the physically fit persons between the age group of 18 and 45 are allowed to ply the vehicles. Only two persons are allowed to be carried in a rickshaw. Under the Punjab Cycle Rickshaw (Regulation of License) Act, 1976, licensing of rickshaws is done in favour of actual owners only.

Horse Carriages.- In olden days, the tongas or ekkas were the important means of transport within the town and from town to the adjoining villages. Automobile revolution cannot overrule its importance as it is useful for carrying load for short distances, The major factor of their survival is that their carrying charges are quite reasonable and within the reach of the common man.

(iii) Public and Private Transport

The Provincial Transport Controller headed the Transport Department till June 1969. He was responsible for the enforcement of Motor Vehicles Act and the Rules framed hereunder. The commercial wing of the department also functioned under his control. In order to give equal justice to the private operators and State owned transport, the Transport Department was bifurcated in June 1969, in two wings, the Commercial Wing and Non-Commercial Wing. The former known as Punjab Roadways was placed under the control of Director, State Transport, Punjab and the later was under State Transport Commissioner, Punjab as Head of the Department. The Director, State Transport being overall incharge of the commercial wing is concerned with the development and operation of State Transport buses on commercial basis. The State Transport Commissioner looks after the Non-Commercial Wing of the Transport Department. He is assisted by Joint State Transport Commissioner (Enforcement) and one Joint State Transport Commissioner (P) at headquarters, Secretaries Regional Transport Authorities posted at Patiala, Jalandhar and Firozpur and the District Transport Officers posted at each district headquarters. He is vested with powers and functions under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, Central Motor Vehicles Rules 1989, Punjab Motor Vehicles Rules 1989, and Punjab Motor Vehicles Taxation Act 1924. His functions are; to issue licences to the drivers and conductors and for opening driving training schools to register motor vehicles; permits to transport vehicles/stage carriage permits; contract carriage permits; permits to mini buses, passenger tempos; auto rickshaws and all India tourist permits; to maintain motor tourist permits; to maintain motor vehicles board of inspection; to control traffic by resorting to traffic checking; checking of illegal operation of private operators, etc; to finalize the reciprocal agreements with other adjoining States.

Before Independence, road transport was largely in the hands of private owners, who were interested mainly in large profits and seldom dared for the convenience of passengers. With the rapid development of network of road and industrialization road transport has expanded enormously. Therefore, the Government has started gradual and progressive nationalization of passenger transport service in the State.

As per NPT/New Transport Policy of the State, announced on 9 August 1990 all inter-state routes are to be operated by State Transport Under-takings;* all operations on inter-state routes in accordance with reciprocal agreements or understanding between the concerned states to be exclusively operated by the State Transport; and monopoly routes to be exclusively operated by the State Transport. As regards bus routes on National Highways falling within the State, these are shared in the ratio of 75:25 between the State Transport and private bus operators. On the State Highways and other routes this ratio is 40:60*.

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National Permit Scheme.- Under this scheme which was launched in 1986 by the Government of India a person is issued a national permit to operate his vehicle throughout the country or in the specified states. The only requirement is that his vehicle should be less than 12 years old and should be mechanically fit. The composite fee charged by the Punjab State was Rs 1,500 which has been enhanced to Rs 5,000 w.e.f from 30 August 1993.

State Owned Services.- Majority of the bus routes in the district are operated by the Punjab Roadways, Nawashahr which came onto existence on May 1976. The details of the routes operated by the Punjab Roadways, Nawashahr Depot are given in Appendix II at the end of the chapter on pages 207 to 210.

* Except the routes operated by private operators, which became Inter  State    route as a result of reorganisation of State of Punjab in 1966

Private Bus Service.- The private sector plays an important role in the field of transport in meeting the needs of commuters in the district as the routes in the district have not been fully nationalized. The private owned transport services are transporting a large number of passengers  in the district. A large number of private transport companies and few individual transporters are operating their vehicles. As per the transport policy of the government a number of bus routes have been allotted to the private transport companies in the district. The particulars regarding the names of private companies and the routes operated by them are given in Appendix III at page 211.

Mini Bus Service.- Mini Bus Scheme has been introduced by the State Government to link villages with nearest towns, tahsil/ block head quarters and to generate employment especially to misguided unemployed youth of border districts. However, preference is also given to ex-servicemen, Scheduled Castes, Jodhpur detainees and Sikh migrants. A person is issued a permit to operate his vehicle on the condition that the total length of each route does not exceed 25 Km and the total operation per bus does not exceed 250 Kms. per day; not more than half of the total route length runs across a National Highway or State Highway; at least one of the terminal of the route shall be a village and shall not include more than one municipality except on a local route falling within municipal limits of a town, municipality or city wherein both the starting and the terminating points may be the same or may fall within the same town, municipality or city, as the case may be, and it shall be ensured that the interest of State Transport Undertakings are not affected adversely on such routes*.

The particulars regarding the mini bus permit holders, routes operated and route length covered by these buses in the district is given in Appendix IV at pages 212 to 213.

Goods Transport.- The goods transport by road is mainly handled by private operators. The number of trucks granted permits as on 31 March 2001 in the district was 456. Registration of trucks is an evidence of the increasing popularity of the transport of goods by road. As compared to the railways, the freight and incidental charges are less if the goods are transported by road. Consequently, goods transport has sufficiently diverted to roads, particularly on shorter haulage. Moreover, the rural sector which actively participating in economic activities relies much more on road traffic than on rail traffic. The booking agencies for

* Vide Punjab Government Notification No. S.O. 112/C.A.59/88/S.102/97 dated 21 October     1997

the transport of goods by road are scattered all over the district at important places. These cater to the needs of both the operators and the traders. The operators are provided with parking, godown and warehouse facilities and the traders with a regular satisfactory service. Availablity of trucks has inspired the traders to prefer goods to be transported by road for long distances as the goods are delivered quicker and with less risk. Claims for the loss of goods sent by roads are also settled more promptly than in case of railways.

Private operators have organized themselves into unions to reduce competition to regulate goods traffic and to share profits. As on 31 March 2001, 3 Truck Unions were functioning in the district viz., Truck Union Nawashahr, Banga and Balachaur. The trucks required by the traders and companies are supplied by these unions at fixed rates. As on 31 March 2001 following goods transport companies were functioning in the district:-

1 P.K. Goods Company, Nawashahr

2 Bharat Motor Transport Booking Agency, Nawashahr

3 Northern India Goods Transport Company, Nawashahr

4 Amritsar Transport Company, Nawashahr

5 New Punjab Goods Banking Agency, Banga

6 Ashwani Transport Company, Bhaddi Road, Balachaur

7 Jain Transport Company, Balachaur

8 Nayyar Transport Company, Banga

9 Raju Transport Company, Balachaur

(c) Railways

Nawahahr District lies in the Firozpur Division of the Northern Railways. The railway line serving the Nawashahr District is Jalandhar City-Jaijon Doaba line, which runs from Phagwara to Nawashahr via Banga and also extended upto Rahon. The line upto Nawashahr was opened in 1915 while the line from Nawashahr to Jaijon Doaba was opened in 1917. The stations falling on this line in the district are Mandhali, Kultham, Abdula Shah, Behram, Malupota, Banga, Khatkar Kalan, Jhandaji, Kariha, Nawashahr Doaba and Rahon.

Rail-Road Competition.- Till the mid of the twentieth century railways enjoyed full monopoly as a means of transport, but the development of roads and the production of motor vehicles on a large scale took away the more paying traffic from the railways and thus leaving to the railways only the heavy loads which paid low freight. The reason for diversion to road traffic seem to be the lower freight rates, proper supervision, absence of irksome formalities and door to door service. The four lanning of national highways and construction of super highways increased the efficiency and speed of road transport. On the other hand the airways are swift and time saving. Railway administration has adopted counter measure to meet the road competition such as time-table adjustment, cheap return tickets, quotations of special concessional rates, greater publicity of railways services, starting of super fast trains, special trains and luxury trains such as Shatabadi, Rajdhani Express, Palace on wheels, etc. There is not much of competition between railways and road transport in the district as the railway lines pass through a very small portion of the district. The goods in the district are transported mainly by trucks.

(d) Waterways, Ferries and Bridges

Waterways.- The river Sutlej makes its southern boundary and

separates the district from Rupnagar and Ludhiana districts.

Ferries.- The ferry system was very useful to the people of the bet area to have their journeys to the adjoining districts and transport their necessaries of life from one side of the river to the other. Till 5 October 2001, only ferry crossing at village Kanaon was serving the district*.

Bridges.- The Bridges are constructed over the streams, canals, chos, etc. for smooth running of road traffic

(e) Air Transport

There is no aerodrome in the district.

(f) Travel and Tourist Facilities

Facilities for tourists and travellers were rendered early by Sher

Shah (1540-45) who had a serai built every two kos ( about 2.5 Km) of road, including one leading (now known as Sher Shah Suri Marg) from Punjab to Bengal. These serais had separate lodgings for different classes of people alongwith the provision for hot and cold water, and

* The lease of Pattan Kanaon has been cancelled vide Rural      Development and    Panchayats Department’s letter dated 5 October      2001

grain for horses¹. Dharamshalas, serais and chaupals are easily available in the important towns of the district for travellers, tourists and visitors. A number of hotels and restaurants provide lodging facilities to the visitors. Besides, gurdwaras in urban as well as rural areas also provide free boarding and lodging facilities to the visitors and tourists.

Rest Houses.- Rest houses maintained by the different departments of the Government render facilities to officers in the discharge of their duties while on tour. A network of rest houses is spread throughout the district. The employees of the public undertakings also make use of the facility. However, when vacant these are made available to the public as well as on prescribed rent. The list of rest houses along with the number of suites and officers who make the reservations is given in Appendix V on page 214.

Marriage Palaces.- Marriage palaces play an important role to facilitate the public in solemnizing marriages and other functions. These provide facilities like catering, seating arrangement, dining hall, recreational hall, rooms for stay, parking, etc. Generally the marriage palaces are located outside the cities/ towns. The establishment of a marriage palace needs No Objection Certificate, which is issued by the concerned Deputy Commissioner. As on 31 March 2001, few marriage palaces has been serving the public at various places in the district, but none of them has attained No Objection Certificate.

(g) Posts, Telegraphs and Telephones

Before Independence, the postal system of the district was very poor because number of sub-post offices was very less and these were located at a great distance. Dakrunners used to take a long time to carry dak from sub-post offices to villages and vice versa. After Independence, development of road transport has helped the expansion of postal facilities. With the opening of a large number of new post offices and branch post offices and provision of delivery vans, the dak is now delivered more expeditiously. To provide postal facilities to the public, letter boxes, have been affixed at the important centres in towns which are cleared at fixed timings, once or twice a day in the urban areas and only once in the rural areas.

The post offices in the district are under the control of Senior Superintendent Post Offices, Jalandhar Division, Jalandhar and

1  Elliot H.M. The History of India, As told by this own Historians, vol.  IV. I Dowson (Ist     Indian Editor), 1964 P.P.417-18

Superintendent Post Offices, Hoshiarpur Division, Hoshiarpur. As on 31 March 2001, in Nawashahr District 30 Sub Offices and 138 Branch Post Offices were functioning at different places. A list of these post offices is given in Appendix VI at page 215 to 218.

The Postal Index Number was introduced in the country on 15 August 1972. The Postal Index Number (PIN) Code of the Nawashahr is 144514. It is a six digit number that identifies and locates every departmental delivery service. It provides with a built-in-routing information for sorting and quick delivery of the post.

Telegraph.- As on 31 March 2001,10 combined post and telegraph offices were functioning in the Nawashahr District at Aur, Balachaur, Banga, Behram, Jadla, Kultham, Nawashahr, Nawashahr Mandi, Pharala and Rahon.

Telephone.- As on 31 March 2001, the number of telephone exchanges functioning in the district was 37. These function under the control of General Manager, Telecommunications, Jalandhar and Divisional Manager, Telecommunications, Hoshiarpur. The particulars regarding the telephone exchanges, with telephone connections functioning in the district as on 31 March 2001 are given in Appendix VII on page 219.

Radio and Television.- No Doordarshan centre/relay station was functioning in the district. All India Radio Jalandhar also had no relay station in the district.

(h) Organizations of Owners and Employees’ in the Field of Transport and Communications

No employees’ and owners’ organization was functioning in the Nawashahr District during 2000-2001.

APPENDIX II (Vide page 200) Bus Routes Operated by the Punjab Roadways Nawashahr Depot as on 31 March 2001
Serial No.	Name of the depot	Name of route	No. of daily trips	Route length (Kms)	Total daily Service (Kms)
1	2	3	4	5	6
1	Punjab Roadways Nawashahr	Nawashahr-Delhi  (via Chandigarh-Ambala)	1	355	710
		Nawashahr-Manali (via Rupnagar-Kiratpur Sahib- Mandi)	1	325	650
		Jalandhar-Manikaran (via Banga-Garhshankar- Anandpur Sahib)	1	343	686
		Nawashahr-Katra (via Jalandhar-Pathankot-Jummu)	1	348	696
		Nawashahr-Dabwali (via Ludhiana-Raikot, Bathinda)	4	254	2,032
		Ludhiana- Ganganagar (via Moga-Muktsar-Abohar)	1	260	520
		Chandigarh-Delhi	2	260	1,040
		Jalandhar-Paunta Sahib (via Nawashahr-Chandigarh -Panchkula-Nahan)	1	292	584
		Nawashahr-Yamunanagar (via Rupnagar-Chandigarh-Ambala Cantonement)	1	204	408
		Nawashahr-Bathinda (via Ludhiana-Raikot-Barnala)	1	214	428
		Jalandhar-Dalhousie (via Pathankot)	1	203	406
		Ludhiana-Giddarbaha (via Moga-Muktsar)	1	203	406
		Chandigarh-Udhampur (via Nawahashr-Jalandhar-Pathankot)	1	458	916
		Nawashahr-Udhampur (via Jalandhar-Pathankot)	1	361	722
		Jalandhar-Chandigarh (via Nawashahr-Rupnagar)	7	156	2,184
		Nawashahar-Patiala (via Rupnagar)	2	133	532
		Nawashahr-Patiala (via-Ludhiana)	2	163	652
		Rupnagar-Shimla (via Chandigarh)	1	172	344
		Jalandhar-Chandigarh (via Dosanjh Kalan)	1	174	348
1	2	3	4	5	6
		Nawashahr-Pathankot  (via Hoshiarpur)	1	169	338
		Nawashahr-Firozpur (via Ludhiana-Moga)	1	197	394
		Ludhiana-Jawalaji (via Phagwara-Hoshirpur-Chintpurni)	1	157	314
		Nawashahr-Chamanda Devi (via Hohiarpur-Chintpurni-Jawalaji-Kangra)	1	194	388
		Mahilpur-Soond	1	21	42
		Nawashahr-Nangal (via Garhshankar-Jhuggian-Santokhgarh)	4	48	384
		Garhshankar-Jhuggian	3	15	90
		Raipur-Garhshankar	2	20	80
		Nawashahr-Balachaur	8	21	336
		Nawashahr-Malewal	1	40	80
		Jalandhar-Mukandpur (via Dosanjh Kalan)	1	46	92
		Phagwara-Mahilpur	8	40	640
		Nawanshahr-Nainwan	1	32	64
		Rupnagar-Chandigarh	2	48	192
		Nawashahr-Garhshankar	4	12	96
		Nawashahr-Rupnagar ( via Balachaur)	8	47	752
		Nawashahr-Chandpur Rurki (via Balachaur-Saroya)	2	44	176
		Balachaur-Rattewal (via Kathgarh)	2	16	64
		Garhshankar-Ajnoha	3	40	240
		Nawashahr-Phillaur (via Apra)	4	45	360
		Nawashahr-Phagwara	3	38	228
		Phagwara-Mahilpur (via Wajidowal)	2	34	136
		Nawashahr-Phagwara (via Bharoli)	1	47	94
		Jalandhar-Dosanjh Kalan (via Phagwara)	1	34	68
		Phagwara-Kapurthala	2	46	184
		Jaijon-Dalohar	1	7	14
		Jaijon-Haroli	1	14	28
		Phagwara-Nurmahal	2	28	112
		Rahon-Rupnagar (via Jadla-Balachaur)	2	49	196
		Ludhiana-Massani (via Goraya)	2	46	184
		Jalandhar-Tanda	1	45	90
		Ludhiana-Apra Mandi	3	37	222
		Nawashahr-Takarla	2	32	128
		Garhshankar-Jaijon	1	18	36
		Garhshankar-NurpurBedi	1	40	80
		Malewal-Chandigarh) (via Bhaddi-Kathgarh)	1	83	166
1	2	3	4	5	6
		Nawashahr-Ludhiana (via Rahon)	5	66	660
		Nawashahr-Ludhiana (via Buhara)	7	61	854
		Jalandhar-Barwan (via Nawashahr)	2	72	288
		Nawashahr-Hoshiarpur	9	55	990
		Jalandhar-Garhshankar (via Banga)	5	62	620
		Garhshankar-Ludhiana	1	51	102
		Jalandhar-Muzzafarpur (via Nawashahr)	1	80	160
		Jalandhar-Retond (via Banga)	1	60	120
		Jalandhar-Aur (via Banga-Sahlon)	1	64	128
		Nawashahr-Nurpur-Anandpur Sahib	1	68	136
		Nawashahr-Kiratpur (via Bhaddi)	1	60	120
		Nawashahr-Chandigarh	6	95	1,140
		Jalandhar-Batala	5	80	800
		Jalandhar-Amritsar	4	83	664
		Jalandhar-Nawashahr (via Phillaur-Aur)	2	85	340
		Nawashahr-Jalandhar	20	61	2,440
		Bhaddi-Ludhiana	1	98	196
		Jalandhar-Saila (via Banga-Moranwali)	2	66	264
		Jalandhar-Rurki (via Kahma)	1	61	122
		Nawashahr-Nurpur Bedi (via Garhshankar)	2	52	208
		Jalandhar-Jaijon (via Phagwara-Mahilpur)	2	77	308
		Jalandhar-Charrmajra (via Nawashahr-Karimpur)	1	78	156
		Jalandhar-Sujjon	2	58	232
		Ludhiana-Garhshankar (via-Phillaur-Nawashahr)	1	73	146
		Jalandhar-Shokkarpur (via Banga-Kahma)	2	58	232
		Jalandhar-Rahon (via Phagwara-Dosanjh Kalan)	2	71	284
		Jalandhar-Kharkuwal (via Dosanjh Kalan-Rahon)	1	81	162
		Ludhiana-Sangrur	1	82	164
		Ludhiana-Moranwali (via Apra-Banga)	1	68	136
		Pandori Ganga Singh-Chandigarh (via Mahilpur-Garhshankar-Rupnagar)	1	136	272
		Soondh-Amritsar	1	125	250
1	2	3	4	5	6
		Ludhiana-Nurpur Bedi (via Apra-Banga)	1	114	228
		Jhuggian-Chandigarh (via Nainwan-Karimpur-Saroya-Balachaur-Rupnagar)	1	111	222
		Jalandhar-Rupnagar (via Nawashahr)	1	108	216
		Hoshiarpur-Ludhiana (via Nawashahr)	2	116	464
		Nakodar-Rupnagar (via Phagwara-Mukandpur-Rahon-Balachaur)	1	123	246
		Nawashahr-Moga (via Phillaur-Nurmahal-Nakodar-Shahkot)	1	136	272
		Nawashahr- Shahtalai (via Garhshankar-Una)	1	141	282
		Nawashahr-Moga (via Phillaur-Ludhiana)	1	134	268
		Ludhiana-Ambala Cantonment	1	124	248
		Ludhiana-Faridkot (via Moga-Talwandi Bhai)	1	121	242
		Chandigarh-Shimla	1	124	248
		Nawashahr-Sangrur (via Ludhiana)	1	143	286
		Banga-Chandigarh	2	110	440
		Nawashahr-Sultanpur Lodhi (via Phillaur-Nakodar)	1	116	232
		Jalandhar-Naina Devi (via Garhshankar)	1	148	296
(Source: General Manager Punjab Roadways, Nawashahr)

APPENDIX III                          (Vide page 201) Bus Routes Operated by the Private Transport Companies in the Nawashahr District as on 31 March 2001
Serial No.	Name of the transport company	Name of route	No. of daily trips	Route length (Kms)	Total daily service (Kms)
1	Atwal Tourist Bus Service (Regd.), Balachaur	Balachaur-Nawashahr (via Chankoya)	2	38	152
		Hoshiarpur-Baharapur (via Garhshankar-Saroya)	1	57	114
		Hoshiarpur-Rupnagar (via Balachaur-Asron)	2	93	372
2	Atwal Bus Service (Regd.),Balachaur	Rupnagar-Bhaddi (via Balachaur )	1	37	74
3	Green Roadways (Regd.), Soondh	Rupnagar-Bhaddi (via Balachaur)	2	37	148
4	Narinder Singh Ghuman S/o Asha Singh Ghuman, Talwandi Fattu	Kapurthala-Sultanpur Lodhi (via Pajjian)	4	31	248
5	Paramjit Singh S/o Bhagat Singh Ram, Hussain Chak,	Nawashahr-Moga (via Rahon-Phillaur-Nakodar- Shahkot)	1	130	260
6	Panja Sahib Bus Service (Regd.), Banga	Banga-Rupnagar (via Nawashahr-Rahon-Jadla- Balachaur)	1	123	246
		Nawashahr-Banga  (via Karian)	2	16	64
		Nawashahr-Phagwara (via Karian)	2	37	148
7	Northern Coach Service, Nawashahr	Phagwara-Aur (via Vikram Kotli- Khakhian- Liddar Kalan- Mukandpur- Talwandi Fattu- Lalu Majara extended upto Nawashahr)	2	58	232
8	Shivalik Bus Service (Regd.), Balachaur	Jalandhar-Batala (via Kartarpur- Subhanpur)	1	80	160

(Source: Secretary Regional Transport Authority, Jalandhar)

APPENDIX IV                           (Vide page 201) Mini Bus Routes Operated by the Private Transporters in the Nawashahr District as on 31 March 2001
Serial No	Name and address of permit holder	Name of the route	No of daily trips	Single length (Kms)	Total daily service (Kms)
1	2	3	4	5	6
1	Ram Pal S/o Amarchand, V&P.O. Chandpur Rudki,	Balachaur-Pojewal (via Siana- Jagatpur- Majara- Bachhauri- Bhanu-Chandiani Khurd- Nanowal)	3	23	138
2	Amrik Singh Sarpanch & Jasbir Kaur V&P.O, Kahma	Banga-Nangal Khurd (via Kajla- Paddi- Nathwali- Gujjarpur- Binjon- Pandori- Kot Fatuhi- Dhadda)	4	22	176
3	Amar kaur, Nachhattar Pal, Chander Bhan, Charanji Lal, Manjit Kaur C/o Nachhattar Pal H.No.270, Nai Abaddi,	Phagwara-Mukandpur (via Dosanjh Kalan- Sarhal Mandi)	4	24.4	195.2
4	Ramanjit Singh S/o Madan Mohan Singh, V&P.O. Gunnachaur	Phagwara-Mukandpur (via Mohalla Shiv Puri- Khotran- Jandiali- Kotli)	4	24.4	195.2
5	Satnam Singh S/o Kashmir Singh and Gurcharan Singh S/o Jagat Singh, V& P.O. Ladhana Jhikka	Banga-Nangal Khurd (via Kojla- Paddi- Mathwali- Gujjarpur- Binjan- Pandori- Kot Fatuhi- Paldi)	4	22	176
6	Bhagat Singh S/o Piara Singh V&P.O. Daulatpur	Nawashahr-Dhungerpur (via Langroya- Sanawan- Jadla-Uttal- Mirpur Jattan- Muzafarpur)	4	19.7	157.6
7	Nachhattar Pal and Chander Bhan S/o Sansar Chand Nai Abadi, Near Railway Station	Nawashahr-Dhungerpur (via Langroya- Sanawan- Jadla- Uttal- Mirpur Jattan- Muzafarpur)	4	19.7	157.6
8	Avtar Singh S/o Santokh Singh and Harbials Duggal S/o Karam Chand, Satlej Motors C/o Capital Hire Purchase, Banga	Nawashahr-Chandpur Rurki (via Kulam Simbh Chak Guru –Samundra-, Dhamai- Bakarpur- Hayatpur- Rurki- Dialon-Saroya-Kukar Mazara	4	23.2	185.6
9	Harjinder Kumar S/o Lachhman Dass, Village Chakli Sujat, P.O.Usmanpur	Nawashahr-Dalawarpur (via Langroya- Sajawalpur Sahibpur- Ramgarh- Usmanpur- Chanar- Majara- Sultanpur	4	20.1	160.8
1	2	3	4	5	6
10	Nachhattar Pal and Manjit Kaur, Nai Abadi, Nawashahr	Balachaur-Pojewal  (via Siana,-Jagatpur- Majara- Bachhauri- Bhanu- Khurdan- Chandiani Khurd- Nanowal –Katwara	4	23	184
11	Balwinder Singh S/o Naranjan Dass, Village Nanowal, P.O Mallewal	Balachaur-Pojewal  (via Siana- Jagatpur- Majara- Bachhauri- Bhanu- Khurdan- Chandiani Khurd- Nanowal- Katwara	4	23	184
12	Madanbir Singh S/o Charan Dass,V&P.O Karawar	Balachaur-Pojewal  (via Siana- Jagatpur- Majara- Bachhauri- Bhanu- Khurdan- Chandiani Khurd- Nanowal- Katwara	4	23	184
13	Jarnail Singh S/o Bhagat Singh and Jarnail Singh S/o Milkha Ram, Village Malpur	Banga-Naura (via Garhi Ajit Singh- Laroya- Gunachaur- Banga- Mahal Gehla)	3	19.7	118.2
14	Nachhattar Pal and Manjit Kaur C/o Sansar Chand, Nai Abadi H.No.270 ,Nawashahr	Banga-Nangal Khurd (via Kajala- Paddi- Matwali- Gujarpur- Binjon- Pandori- Kot Fatuhi-Dhadda- Taunsa- Paldi)	4	22	176
15	Surjit Singh S/o Hazara Singh Village Sito, P.O Usmanpur	Nawashahr-Dilawarpur (via Langroya- Sahawalpur- Shampur- Usmanpur- Chahar- Mazara- Ramgarh- Sultanpur)	4	20.1	160.8
16	Daljit Singh Bains S/o Jarnail Singh, Village Khurdan, P.O. Chandiani Khurd	Garhshankar-Pangaura (via Kalowal- Lallian- Aima Mughlan- Kitna- Binjon)	4	22.7	181.6
17.	Piara Singh S/o Amar Singh, Charanji Lal S/o Sansar Chand, Nai Abadi, Nawashahr	Nawashahr- Mangowal (via Langroya- Jadla- Jodh)	4	23.4	187.2
18	Jarnail Singh C/o Bhagat Singh V& P.O Daulatpur (Nawashahr)	Nawashahr-Kangna (via Langroya- Taprian- Mehsampur)	4	23	184
19	Nachhattar Pal, Gurdip Kumar, Piara Singh, Chander Bhan, 220, Nai Abadi, Nawashahr	Nawashahr-Dilawarpur (via Langroya- Shahpur- Ramgarh- Salempur- Sultanpur)	4	21	168
(Source: Secretary Regional Transport Authority, Jalandhar)

                                        APPENDIX V (Vide page 204)

Rest House Tahsil-wise in the Nawashahr District as on 31 March 2001

Serial No	Name	No. of suits	Name of reserving authority
Tahsil Nawashahr
1	Sugar Mill Rest House Nawashahr	2	Managing Director Sugar Mill, Nawashahr
2	Panchayat Samiti Rest House, Nawashahr	2	Executive Officer, Panchayat Samiti, Nawashahr
3	Canal Rest House, Ghakewal	1	Executive Engineer, Bist Doab Canal, Jalandhar
4	Panchyat Samiti Rest House, Aur	1	Executive Officer Panchayat Samiti, Aur
Tahsil Balachaur
5	P.W.D. Rest House, Balachaur	1	Subdivisional Magistrate, Balachaur
6	Canal Rest House	1	Executive Engineer, Bist Doab Canal, Jalandhar

(Source: Deputy Economic and Statistical Advisor, Nawashahr)

APPENDIX VI (Vide page 205) Post Office in the Nawashahr District as on 31 March 2001
Sr. No	Head post offices/ sub post offices		Branch post offices
1	2	3	4
1	Aur, PCO, CO, DR (1,44,417)	1	Phambra
2	Banga, PCO, RS, CO, DU, LSG (1,44,505)	1	Baharwal
		2	Bisla
		3	Chak Kalan
		4	Dhahan
		5	Hiun
		6	Jandiala
		7	Jandher Kalan
		8	Kaleran
		9	Malo Pota
		10	Thandian
3	Banga Town, ND,U (1,44,505)
4	Behram, RS,DR (1,44,504)	1	Bharo Mazara
		2	Chak Bilgan
		3	Chak Ramu
		4	Katt
		5	Langreri Jagirdaran
5	Dosanjh Khurd, DR (1,44,511)	1	Gunachaur
		2	Herian
		3	Mazara Mattabad
		4	Raipur Daba
6	Garcha, DR, (1,44,518)	1	Bazidpur
		2	Bharta Kalan
		3	Bharta Khurd
		4	Garh Padhana
		5	Kharkowal
		6	Khoja
		7	Mehrampur
7	Gulshan Bazar, Nawashahr ND, U (1,44,514)
8	Jadla, PCO, Co, DR(1,44,515)	1	Bhangarpur
		2	Muzafarpur
		3	Mirpur Jattan
		4	Shahpur
		5	Usmanpur
		6	Sheikhpur Bagh
9	Kahma, ED,ER (1,44,512)	1	Bhut
		2	Bhim
		3	Jabbowal
		4	Khatkar Kalan
		5	Mangowal
		6	Palli Uchi
		7	Palli Jhikki
1	2	3	4
10	Khan Khana, DR(1,44,512)	1	Khanpur
		2	Lakhpur
11	Kultham RS, DR(1,44,501)	1	Jasso Mazara
		2	Mandhali
		3	Sarhal Ranuan
12	Langroya, DR(1,44,516)	1	Barnala Kalan
		2	Bhagura
		3	Kishanpura
		4	Bhano Mazara
		5	Daulatpur
		6	Karimpur
		7	Sauna
		8	Sanawan
13	Ladhana Jhikka, (DR)(144510)	1	Gobindpur
		2	Pathlawa
		3	Padda Matwali
		4	Rampur
14	Mahal Gahla, (DR)(144516)	1	Bhaura
		2	Surapur
		3	Sujjon
15	Musapur, (DR)(144513)	1	Amargarh
		2	Kamam
		3	Rasulpur
		4	Karnana
16	Mukandpur, (DR)(144507)	1	Chahal Kalan
		2	Hakimpur
		3	Jagatpur
		4	Jhingran
		5	Laroya
		6	Talwandi Rattu
17	Naura, (DR)(144508)	1	Bains
		2	Kariha
		3	Malpur
18	Nawashahr, PCO, RS, LSG, DU, (144514)	1	Alachaur
		2	Mahalon
		3	Saloh
		4	Kulam
19	Nawashahr Mandi ND, CO, PCO, TSO, U (144514)
20	Nawashahr Road, Banga ND, U, TSO, CO, PCO, (144505)
21	Pharala, CO, PCO,DR(144503)	1	Bharoli
		2	Ghuman
		3	Kangraur
		4	Katarian
		5	Maqsudpur
		6	Mahilpur
		7	Sandhawan
1	2	3	4
22	Rahon, CO, PCO,RS,DU (1,44,410)	1	Behloor Kalan
		2	Barsian
		3	Hyala
		4	Kahlon
		5	Kot Ranjha
23	Sahlon, DR (1,44,421)	1	Buhara
		2	Ghataron
		3	Hansron
		4	Karian
		5	Mehmudpur
		6	Mirpur Lakha
24	Urapur, DR (1,44,422)	1	Bakhalaur
		2	Chakdana
25	Asron, SO PCO	1	Rel
26	Balachaur, SO PCO	1	Aduana
		2	Bhaddi
		3	Garhi Qanugoan
		4	Ghamaur
		5	Garlon Bet
		6	Kangna Bet
		7	Mehtabpur Oladhni
		8	Nawanpind Tapperian
		9	Rattewal
		10	Siana
		11	Rakkar Bet
		12	Takrala
		13	Thopia
		14	Udhanwal
27	Kathgarh, SO PCO	1	Banah
		2	Bharthala
		3	Mutton
		4	Mazara Jattan
		5	Nighi
28	Mahandpur	1	Bachhauri
		2	Chankoha
		3	Garhi Dhaha
		4	Gulpur
		5	Karawar
		6	Kaulgarh
		7	Majari
		8	Majara
		9	Mauhar
		10	Phirni Mazara
		11	Rakuran Dhaha
		12	Rurki Mughlan
		13	Simbal Mazara
29	Sahiba, SO PCO	1	Chandiani Khurd
		2	Malewal
		3	Makhopur
1	2	3	4
		4	Sandhra
30	Saroya, SO PCO	1	Begumpur
		2	Chandpur Rurki
		3	Karimpur Chahwala
		4	Pojewal
		5	Torowal
	ND		Non Delivery Office
	PCO		Public Call Office
	CO		Combined Office
	RS		Connected with rail
	TSO		Town Sub Office
	S		Branch Office vested with S.B.Powers
	R		Rural
	U		Urban
	LSG		Lower Selection Grade
	SO		Sub Office
(Source : Senior Superintendent Post Offices Jalandhar and Hoshiarpur)

APPENDIX VII (Vide page 205) List of Telephone Exchanges in the Nawashahr District as on 31 March 2001
Telegraph Division	Telegraph /Telephone Sub Division	Name  of Exchange	No of connections Capacity Working
Divisional Engineer Telecommunications, Nawashahr	Nawashahr	Nawashahr	8,250		7,466
		Karyam	1,000		600
		Aur	1,400		1,132
		Chakdana	1,000		994
		Jadla	1,400		1,250
		Lodhipur	1,000		982
		Langroya	1,400		1,336
		Behloor Kalan	176		150
		Majhoor	1,096		329
		Rahon	1,352		1,345
		Usmanpur	1,000		902
		Wazidpur	1,000		950
		Gareha	1,000		276
		Banga	5,000		4,085
		Bhaura	1,400		1,076
		Kahma	1,000		992
		Mukandpur	304		274
		Pathlawa	352		345
		Surhal Qazian	1,000		1,337
		Behram	1,400		1,337
		Ghuman	304		274
		Katarian	1,000		202
		Karnana	352		345
		Mehli	1,096		1,015
		Lakhpur	1,000		444
Divisional Engineer Telecommunications Balachaur	Balachaur	Bachhaura	1,400		1,094
		Balachaur	4,000		3,549
		Kathgarh	1,000		896
		Makhpur	1,000		341
		Mehatpur Oladhni		1,000	988
		Mutton	1,000		252
		Pojewal	1,000		622
		Rakkar Dhaha	2,000		1,156
		Rattewal	1,000		430
		Sahiba	1,000		982
		Saroya	2,000		1,406
		Takrala	304		302

(Source: General Manager Telecommunications Jalandhar and Hoshiarpur)

Appendix I (Vide page 198) Number of Different Types of Motor Vehicles Registered in the Nawashahr District during the years 1996-97 to 2000-2001
	Passenger Vehicles											Goods Vehicles Others
District	Buses		Cars and station wagons		Jeeps	Taxis		Three wheelers		Two wheelers		Four wheelers and above trucks and lorries		Three wheelers	Tractors	Others	Total
1996-97	7	127		102		1	43		3,184		207		-		409	-	4,080
1997-98	15	302		183		2	75		6,428		410		-		824	-	8,240
1998-99	38	639		276		2	101		10,688		499		32		1,158	3	13,436
1999-2000	86	1,054		387		6	122		15,757		633		78		1,536	15	19,674
2000-2001	100	1,351		475		23