(c)
General Education
Pre-Primary Schools – A systematic pre-primary education is of recent origin as the public is becoming more and more conscious of its value for little children. It promotes physical, mental and emotional growth of children between the age group of 3-6 years. One Government pre-primary school was functioning at Faridkot during 1992-93. Besides, a few schools were also being run by some voluntary organisations and individuals to meet the requirements of small children. `Aangan Wari` schools are also run by Social Welfare Department, Punjab with the cooperation of Mahila Mandals and panchayats.
Primary and Basic Schools-- The course of primary education covers children of age group 6-11 Free primary education was introduced in the State during the Third Five-Year Plan (1961-66) in the age group of 7-8 in 1962-63, 8-9 in 1963-64, 9-10 in 1964-65 and 10-11 in 1965-66. As a step towards free and compulsory univesalization of primary education almost all the revenue villages in the district have been provided with primary schools. No scholar now travels beyond one kilometer for primary education. Special incentives such as supply of free textbooks and mid-day meals are given to the children belonging to weaker sections of society.
As on 30 September 1992, there were 759 basic primary schools (Government and private) in the district. The number of scholars and teachers in these schools ere 1,79,048 (99,234 boys and 79,814 girls) ans 4,483 (1,941 males and 2,542 females respectively.
Secondary Schools – There is an all round expansion in the field of education in the district. The increase in the number of children/scholars in primary schools due to the introduction of compulsory education has encouraged the enrolment drive in the middle, high and senior secondary schools. During the sixth Five-Year Plan (1980-85) the Central Government laid more emphasis on cent per cent enrolment of children of age group 11-14 years. Physical Education has been made a compulsory subject in the schools. Music and dancing subjects have also been introduced in the schools.
As on 30 September 1992 there were 60 (46 for boys and 14 for girls) senior secondary schools and 203 (183 for boys and 20 for girls) high schools and 110 (102 for boys and 8 for girls) middle schools in the district. The total number of scholars studying in the middle, high and senior secondary schools were 15,303 (8,627 boys and 6,676 girls), 74,042 (47,150 boys and 26,892 girls) and 46,868 (25,295 boys and 21,573 girls) respectively. The total number of teachers in the middle, high and senior secondary schools in district were 610 (398 males and 212 females), 2,760 (2,007 males and 753 females) and 1,402 (801 males and 601 females) respectively.
Colleges
D. M. Colleges, Moga was the first college to be established in 1926, which was then a part of British territory. In the erstwhile Princely State area Brijindra College, Faridkot was established in 1942. This institution imparted higher education to the people of the area. In 1972 when Faridkot District was carved out there were 13 colleges which increased to 16 (12 boys 4 girls) in 1992.
A brief description of the colleges functioning in the district as on 30 September 1992 is given below:
D. M. College, Moga– The institution came into existence in 1926 and is affiliated to the Punjab University, Chandigarh. It provides instructions in Arts, Science (Medical and non-Medical) and Commerce upto degree classes. Training in N. C. C. and N. S. S. is also provided in the college. The college publishes its magazine annually, `Vision`.
The number of students on the rolls of the college during 1992-93 was 1,296 (898 boys and 398 girls).
Brijindra College, Faridkot– The College was started by the Maharaja of Faridkot as intermediate college in 1942. Prior to that it was a high school established in 1913. F. Sc (Science and Agriculture) classes were started in 1943. In 1944, the college was raised to degree level. B. T. Courses was started in the college in 1945 which was later on shifted to the Government College of Education, Faridkot. B. Sc. Classes were introduced in the college in 1963. Post graduate classes in Punjabi and History were started in 1967 and 1970 respectively. B. Sc. (Agriculture) was started in 1983. Training in N. C. C. and N. S. S. is also provided in the College. At present the college imparts instructions in Arts, Science (Medical and non-Medical), Commerce and Agriculture upto degree level and postgraduate instructions in Punjabi and History. It is affiliated to the Punjabi University, Patiala. The college published its magazine `Brijinmdra` annually.
The number of students on the rolls of the college during 1992-93 was 1,873 (1,337 boys and 538 girls).
Government College, Muktsar – This college came into existence in 1951 as a degree college in the building of Gurudwara Tibbi Sahib and was shifted to its own premises in 1967. Postgraduate classes in Economics and political Science were started in 1971. At present the college imparts instructions in Arts, Science (Medical and non-Medical) and Commerce upto degree level and postgraduate instructions in Economics and political Science. The college is affiliated to the Punjab University, Chandigarh. Training in N. C. C. and N. S. S. is also provided in the college.
The number of students on the rolls of the college during 192-93 was 486 (304 boys and 182 girls).
Guru Nanak College, Killian Wali – Established in 1956, the college imparts instructions in Arts, Science (Medical and non-Medical) and Commerce upto 10+2 classes and in Arts and Commerce upto degree level. It is affiliated to the Punjab University, Chandigarh. A number of literary and cultural societies function in the college. Training in N. C. C. and N. S. S. is also provided in the college. The college has its own well-stocked library. It brings out magazine `Nanakjot` annually.
Government Guru Nanak College, Guru Teg Bahadurgarh– It came into existence in 1959 and was taken over by the Government in 1977. It is affiliated to the Punjabi University, Patiala. It provides instructions in Arts and Science upto degree level. Training in N. S. S. is also provided in the college. It brings out annual magazine titles. `Vichar Vatika`.
During 1992-93, 442 (429 boys and 13 girls) were on the rolls of the college.
S. D. College for Women, Moga– It was established in 1968 to fulfil the long cherished desire of the people of Moga and surrounding areas. The institution imparts instructions in Arts upto degree level. The college has well-stocked library and well equipped laboratories fitted with modern apparatus for home science. It is affiliated to the Punjab University Chandigarh. It publishes its magazine annually viz. `Srishti`.
The number of students on the rolls of the college during 1992-93 was 565.
D. A. V. College, Malaut – This college was established in 1968 by the Edwarganj Public Welfare Association, Malaut. The institution provides instructions in Arts and Science (Medical and non-Medical) upto degree level. It is affiliated to the Punjab University, Chandigarh. Training in N. C. C. and N. S. S. is also provided in the college. It has well-stocked library and well equipped laboratories. The college publishes its magazine titled `Arpita` annually.
The number of students on the rolls of the college during 1992-93 was 824 (473 boys and 351 girls).
Mata Misri Devi, D. A. V. Mahila College, Giddarbaha– It came into existence in 1969. It is affiliated to the Punjab University, Chandigarh. The institution provides instructions in Arts upto degree classes. It publishes its magazine annually ‘Shaveta’.
The number of students on, the rolls of the college during 1992-93 was 287.
Guru Gobind Singh College, Giddarbaha – Established in 1970 the college is affiliated to the Punjab University, Chandigarh. It imparts instructions in Arts upto degree level. Training in N. C. C. and N. C. C. is also provided in the college. It brings out its Magazine annually ‘Amrit Kund’.
The number of students on the rolls of the college during 1992-93 was 274 (272 boys and 6 girls).
Dashmesh Khalsa College, Muktsar–The college was established in 1970 by the Khalsa College Council, Muktsar with the mission of bringing education to the door steps of the poor and down-trodden. The institution provides instructions in Arts upto degree classes. Training in N. S. S. is also provided into the college.
The number of students on the rolls of the college during 1992-93 was 234 (193 boys and 41 girls).
Guru Nanak College for Women, Muktsar– Established in 1970, the college is affiliated to the Punjab University, Chandigarh. It provides instructions in Arts upto degree level. Training in N. C. C., and N. S. S., is also provided in the college. It brings out its magazine annually titles `Roopmani`.
The number of students on the rolls of the college during 1992-93 was 290.
Guru Nanak College, Moga – This institution came into existence on 31 July 1971. it provides instructions in Arts and Science upto degree level. It has a library.
In 1992-93, there were 576 Students on the rolls of the college.
Sant Darbara Singh College for Women, Lopon – This institution came into existence in 1971 and is affiliated to the Punjab University, Chandigarh. It provides instructions in Arts upto degree classes. Training in N. S. S. is also provided in the college. The institution has a library, hostel and play grounds. The college brings out its magazine titled `Parm Rishman` annually.
The number of students on the rolls of the college during 1992-93 was 415.
L. L. R. Government College, Dhudike – The college was established in the memory of Lala Lajpat Rai. It was taken over by the Punjab Government in June 1975. It provides instructions in Arts upto degree level. A number of literary and cultural societies function in the college. It is affiliated to the Punjab University, Chandigarh.
The number of students on the rolls of the college during 1992-93 was 211 (178 boys and 33 girls)
Shaheed Bhagat Singh Municipal College, Kot Kapura– This College was established in 1982 and is affiliated to the Punjabi University, Patiala. The institution provides instructions in Arts and Commerce upto degree level. Training in N. S. S. is also provided in the college. The college publishes its magazine annually `Cooknis`.
The number of students on the rolls of the college during 1992-93 was 825 (603 boys and 222 girls).
College of Home Science, Kauni – Home Science College at Kauni was established in 1978 to serve the districts of Firozpur, Bathinda and Sangrur. The institution is established in 20 acres area donated by the village panchayat. The institution is attached with the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. It offers instructions in B. Sc. Home Science (5 years) course. In the first two years of the course the institution provides the Medical Education and in the rest three years the institution provides training in Home Science. Clothing and Textile, Food and Nutrition, Child Welfare and Extension. Every year fifty students are given admission in the institution out of which five seats are reserved for girls of village kauni. Each girl has to go on tour for 5 days. These tours are managed by Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the completion of course girls are eligible to run their own business. The aim of this institution is to make the girl students self-sufficient in their life. The number of students of the rolls of college during 1992-93 was 192.
(d) Professional and Technical Education
Teacher’s Training
Teacher’s Training has become essential with the changing scenario in the education system. Unless proper training is provided to the teachers, they will be failing in doing justice in teaching. For this purpose teachers training institutions have been established in the district. A brief account of the training institutions functioning in the Faridkot District has been given below:
District Institution of Education and Training, Faridkot – It was established in 1989-90, by Punjab Government to provide Elementary Teachers Training of two years duration. Students are imparted training in two years duration. Students are imparted training in Pre Service Teacher Education (PSTE). In-Service Field Instruction, Innovation and Co-ordination (IFIC), Planning and Management (P & M), Educational Technology (ET), Curriculum Material Development and Evaluation (CMDE), work Experience (WE) and District Resource Unit (DRU). Each year 50 Students are admitted for this course. In-service teacher training courses are also organized by the institute. At least 1,000 teachers are provided in service training in a year. Through these courses teachers are trained to teach with latest techniques and new methods of teachings.
D. M. College of Education, Moga – Established in 1953, it imparts training in B. Ed. Courses. The institution is affiliated to the Punjab University, Chandigarh.
The number of students on the rolls of the college during 1992-93 was 167 (98 boys and 69 girls).
Khalsa College of Education, Muktsar – It was established in 1956. It is affiliated to the Punjab University, Chandigarh. It imparts training in B. Ed. Course. Training in N. S. S. is also provided in the college.
The number of students on the rolls of the college during 1992-93 was 84 (45 boys and 39 girls).
Government College of Education, Faridkot – This institution was established in 1960. It imparts training in B. Ed. and M. Ed. Courses. M.Ed. classes were started from the session 1989-90. One N. S. S. unit is functioning in the college.
The number of students on the rolls of the college during 1992-93 was 115 (42 boys and 73 girls).
Sant Darbara Singh College of Education, Lopon– It was established by Sant Darbara Singh in 1976, who had a great desire for female education. It imparts training in Bachelor of Education only to girls students. It is affiliated to the Punjab University, Chandigarh. Training in N. S. S. is also provided in the college.
The number of students on the rolls of the college during 1992-93 was 209.
Technical Education
Technical Education plays an important in supplying skilled manpower to the industry. To ensure regular supply of skilled/technical persons, the Directorate of Technical Education and Industrial Training, Punjab, runs a number of polytechnics and Industrial Training Institutes/Centres in the state. During 1992-93 four Industrial Training Institutes were functioning in the district at Faridkot, Moga, Sarai Nanga and Kheowali, six Industrial Training Institutes for girls at Jaito, Giddarbaha, Moga, Kot Kapura, Chuhar Chak and Dharmkot. Besides, two Industrial Training Centres were functioning at Faridkot and Muktsar. In all these Institutes/Centres, students are prepared for certificate courses in various trades/craft such as welding, carpentary, fitting, turnery blacksmithy, stenography, refrigeration and A. C. mechanic, electrician, motor mechanic, draftsmanship, etc. the girl students are taught crafts like tailoring, cutting, hand-embroidery, machine-embroidery, needle work etc.
Detailed particulars of these Industrial Training Istitutes/Centres in the Faridkot District have been given in Chapter `V` `Industries`.
Government Ploytechnic, Guru Teg Bahadurgarh– This institution was established in 1963-64. It prepares students for 3 year diploma courses in Civil, Electrical and Mechanical Engineering. Initially it admitted 60 students only. The intake was increased to 120 students during 1964-65. The institution has well-stocked library and well-equipped laboratories.
During 1991-92 it started Centre for Development of Rural Technology (C. D. R. T.), scheme under Rural Development Programme with direct Central assistance. Its activities include development/adoption/upgradation of new technologies appropriate to rural development and their subsequent transfer to rural folks by way of fabrication/construction/installation, education and training, exhibitions, workshops seminars, pamphlets, extension lecturers, etc. the CDRT wing has worked on 30 technologies in the field of low cost sanitation, low cost housing, health and hygiene and others.
Medical Education
Guru Gobind Singh Medical college, Faridkot and satya Sai Murli Dhar Ayuvedic College, Moga are providing medical education to the students in the district. A brief account of these institutions is given below:
Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Faridkot– This college was established by the Guru Gobind Singh Educational Trust in 1973. it was taken over by the Punjab Government on 14 July 1978. The college is affiliated to Punjabi University Patiala for M.B.B.S. Course. The college has a spacious modern complex housing, such as Anatomy, Pharmacology, Social Preventive Medicine, Forensic Medicine, surgery, Gynaecology, E. N. T. etc Each department has its own lecture theatre, beside four other lecture theatres. Pathology, Microbiology and Biochemistry departments have testing laboratories. A 500 bedded teaching hospital is attached to the college. Urban Health Centre , Dogar Basti, Primary Health Centres Dhudike, Baja Khana and Jand Sahib are also attached to the S. P. M. Department of the college. The college has play grounds, auditorium and hostel facilities for boys and girls separately.
The number of students on the rolls of the college during 1992-93 was 243.
Satya Sai Murli Dhar Ayurvedic College, Moga– It came existence in 1983. Since then it is providing training in B.A.M.S. Earlier the college was affiliated to the Punjab State Faculty of Ayurvedic and Unani Syustem of Medicine, Chandigarh, but now it is affiliated to the Punjab University, Chandigarh for B. A. M. S. degree.
A 50 bedded hospital is attached to the college. It provides indoor and outdoor facilities to the patients. Pathology Laboratory, X-Ray and E. C. G. facilities are also available in the hospital. A well-equipped yoga-Naturopathy/physiotherphy and Pancha-karma Department is working under the supervision of expert doctors. The college has Departments of Sanskrit, Sammhita and Siddhanta, Sharir Rachna, Sharir Kriya Vigyan, Dravyguna Vigyan Ras-Shastra & Bhaishaj Kalpana, Rog Vigyan, Swasthavritt,Agad Tantra, Prasuti Tantra & Stri Roga-Kaya Chikitsa, Shalya Tantra, Shalakya Tantra, Kumar Bhritya. It has well-stocked library and hostel for girl students. The college also maintains a herbal garden where training in identification of herbs is provided to the students by the `Dravyguna Department. Ayurvedic medicines of all types are manufactured by the Department of the Shastra and Bhaishaj Kalpana which are provided the patients at cheap rates.
Besides, there were two colleges preparing students for diploma in Pharmacy. The details of these colleges is given below: --
Indo Soviet-Friendship College of Pharmacy, Moga – It was established in 1984 to commemorate Indo-Soviet Friendship. It is affiliated to the Punjab State Technical Education Board, Chandigarh. The institution provides instructions in two years diploma course in pharmacy which is recognized by Pharmacy Council of India. The number of students on the rolls of the college during 1992-93 was 200 (125 boys and 57 girls).
Adesh College of Pharmacy, Muktsar – It prepares students for two years Diploma Course in Pharmacy which is recognized by Pharmacy Council of India and State Board of Technical Education and Industrial Training, Punjab, Chandigarh. The students on the rolls of the college during 1993-94 was 45 (35 boys and 10 girls).
Physical Education has been made a compulsory subject in the middle, high and senior secondary schools since 1974. It aims at all round physical development of the students. Under this scheme, one Physical Training Instructor is attached to each of the middle, high and senior secondary school. In the colleges physical education is directed and guided by the Director of Physical Education. The development of sports in the State is the responsibility of the Department of Sports, the Punjab State Sports Council and Sports Wing of the Education Department.
Besides the above, the following schemes under separate departments are been also helpful in promoting physical education.
1) Promotion of sports and games by the State Sports Department
2) National Fitness Corps sponsored by the Government of India
3) National Cadet Corps
4) Bharat Scouts and Guides
Promotion of Sports and Games – Keeping in view the importance of sports, the Punjab Government created in 1961, an independent department for the development of sports, called the sports Department, Punjab. The Government appointed players of national and international fame as Sports Officers. In Faridkot District, the department is representated by the District Sports Officer, Faridkot. He is assisted by 2 Senior Coaches, 9 Coaches, 4 Junior Coaches, 5 N. I. S. Coaches and other miscellaneous Class III and Class IV staff.
At the district level, the district sports officer is incharge sports activities, arrangement of coaching schemes and matches and similar work for the educational institution. Tournaments and general sports competitions are organized for boys and girls so as to encourage youthful talent. Coaches have also been provided to organize and run sports camps at the various district headquarters. Every coach is expected to supervise the training and performance of a selected number of outstanding sportsmen so that concerted efforts may be made to improve their efficiency.
The main functions of the department are to provide facilities in sports to the sports persons of colleges, schools, private institutions etc. according to their requisitions. In general, the training is given twice a day in the District Stadium and coaching centers in schools and colleges. The department is making strenuous efforts to promote sports talent in al parts of the State. The department organizes tournaments and training camps. The department also awards scholarships to the distinguished players, pension to old age players, besides, giving grants for the development of playgrounds. One swimming pool is being maintained at Government Brijindra College, Faridkot.
Sports persons who brought laurels to the district include the Saini sisters (hockey) who played at the international level. Rupa Saini was awarded Arjuna Award and Prema Saini was decorated with Maharaja Ranjit Singh Award. Other recipient of Ranjit Singh Award is Mrs. Kulwant Kaur Sandhu. Male hockey players of the district also played at the International level. These include Rajinder Singh (Gold Medalists-Olympics 1980). Chand Singh, Inder Singh, Harbans Singh, Majit Singh mana, Gurbachan Singh Plane, Parmpal Singh, Kulwant Arora and Gurbachan Singh Brar etc.
The following District Sports Associations were functioning in the district during 1992-93: -
District Sports Associations
1. The District Athletic Association, Faridkot
2. The District Basketball Association, Faridkot
3. The District Badminton Association, Faridkot
4. The District Cricket Association, Faridkot
5. The District Cycling Association Faridkot
6. The District Football Association, Faridkot
7. The District Hockey Association, Faridkot
8. The District Handball Association, Faridkot
9. The District Kabaddi Association, Faridkot
10. The District Swimming Association, Faridkot
11. The District Wrestling Association, Faridkot
12. The District Volley-Ball Association, Faridkot
National Fitness Corps– The scheme was put into operation in the beginning of 1963 as recommended by kanzru Committee by merging the National Discipline Scheme, Auxiliary Cadet Corps and Physical Education. Under this scheme circle and physical Education. Under this scheme circle in charge of sports is appointed, who factions under in charge of sports is appointed, who functions under the supervision of District Education Officer the supervision of District Education Officer (Primary). At the block level, one Block in Charge, Sports is appointed, who functions under the supervision of District Education Officer (P) and Circle in Charge, National Fitness Corps at the district level. The main aim of the scheme is to develop all round personality of the students. It aims at imparting discipline among boys and girls. It also provides health education and cultural activities. It inculcates in the students an interest in games. It aims at imparting to the students both boys and girls training in drill, physical exercise, lezim, tippri, tract and field event, gymnastic, national integration songs, National Anthem, Yoga and cultural activities. These activities inculcate discipline, obedience, firmness, steadiness, national integration and self-confidence among the students.
The total strength of students under the scheme in the schools of the Faridkot District, as on 31 March 1993 was 1,71,414 (94,454 boys and 74,960).
National Cadet Corps– It was introduced by the Government of India in 1948 in order to stimulate the interest of youth in the defence of the country and inculcate the sense of responsibility and discipline among them. With its motto `Unity and Discipline` the National Cadet Corps has been serving a useful purpose, especially in the border areas. The main aim of National Cadet Corps is to develop quality of leadership, comradeship, sprit of sportsmanship and the idea of service. It is also engaged in creating force of disciplined and trained manpower which may assist the country at the time of national emergency. It also provides training for students with a view to developing in them officerlike qualities. It imparts military training on various subjects like drill both with and without arms, weapon training, map-reading, signal training, field craft, civil defence, first aid, hygiene, sanitation, organization and social service. Besides, it organizes camps to provide an opportunity to introduce cadets to outdoor and community life. The number of cadets on rolls in the National Cadet Corps in the district as on 31 March 1993 was as under:
|
|
Boys |
Girls |
Total |
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Senior Division |
503 |
213 |
716 |
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Junior Division |
900 |
100 |
1,000 |
Bharat
Scouts and Guides – The Bharat Scouts and
Guides, Punjab has its State headquarters at Chandigarh. There is a district association
in every district. In the Faridkot District the scheme was introduced in the
year 1980 and is being run by the District Education Officer (Primary),
Faridkot. The organisation trains boys and girls in the principles and practice
of the scouting movement. Training Camps are held for the teachers and
students. The training imparted inculcates in the trainees the qualities of
self-help, discipline and the spirit for good service to all at all times. The
boys and girls trained in this movement turn out to be good and useful citizens
with broader outlook. They are taught first aid. They render service at
festivals, exhibitions etc. in maintaining order and also render aid to
helpless, the sick and the wounded. The total strength of Bharat scouts and guides,
Cubs and Bulbuls in the district as on 31 March 1993 was 360 and 180
respectively.
There is no such institution in the district.
(g) Oriental Schools and Colleges
No oriental school and college is functioning in the district.
(h) Education for the Handicapped
There is no institution, which is rendering
education to the handicapped.
(i) Adult Literacy, Social Measures for the Diffusion of Education and Culture among the masses
Social (Adult) and Education Programmes for
spreading literacy and diffusing culture among the masses was introduced in the
Moga and Muktsar tahsils of the district (then forming part of the Firozpur
District) in October 1968. In Faridkot Tahsil (then forming part of Bathinda
District) this programme was also functioning. It was organized by the Circle
and Social Education Officer, Jalandhar Circle, Jalandhar for Moga and Muktsar
tahsils and Social Education Officer, Patiala Circle, Patiala for Faridkot
Tahsil. They were under the overall charge of Director of Public Instructions,
Punjab, and Chandigarh. The Adult Education Centres were located in villages
where the panchayats agreed to provide accommodation and other facilities. The
centers functioned during the daytime whereas the male centers functioned after
the dusk. In these centers knowledge of three R’s (Reading, Writing and
Arithmetic) upto programme was discontinued in June 1991.
(j) Cultural and Literary Societies and Periodicals
Faridkot District occupies a unique position so far
as the culture and literature is concerned. A number of Punjabi writers, poets,
dramatists and stage artists hail from this area. Some of them have been
awarded at the National/State level for their contributions to Punjabi
literature. Their contributions have also been recognized at the International
level. The `Faridkot Teeka` is the exclusive product of erstwhile
Princely State of Faridkot to be a landmark in the Punjabi literature. Prof.
Gurdial Singh, who belongs to this area, has been awarded Sahit Academy Award
for his novel `Adh Chanani Raat` in 1974. Other eminent writers/poets belonging
to this district, who have made valuable contribution to the Punjabi literature
are; Jaswant Singh Kanwal, Principal K. L. Kapoor, S. Udai Singh Shaiq, Buta Singh
Shad, Dr. Gurnam Singh Tir, S. Sarwan Singh, etc. Gurdas Mann, renowned
folk-singer, also hails from this district, is well-known all over the world
for his unique style of songs.
Due to rich literature and cultural heritage quite a
good number of cultural and literary societies have come up in this area. The
list of cultural and literary societies contributing to this cause are
mentioned below:
Vilakhan Rang Manch, Faridkot
Navyug Rang Manch, Faridkot
Punjab Machshala, Faridkot
Faridkot Kala Manch, Faridkot
Malwa Kala Manch, Faridkot
Hasda Punjab Kala Manch, Moga
Kamal Kala Manch, Muktsar
Darpan Rang Manch, Muktsar
Sahit Sabha Faridkot –I
Sahit Sabha, Faridkot-II
Punjabi Sahit Sabha, Bamiha Bhai
Punjabi Sahit Sabha Nihalsinghwala
Sahit Sabha, Bahman Wala
Adbi Sangat, Malaut
Punjabi Sahit Sabha, Golewala
Punjabi Sahit Sabha, Giddarbaha
Punjabi Sahit Sabha Bagha Purana
Punjabi Sahit Sabha, Bargari
Sahit Sabha, Muktsar
Sahit Dhara, Muktsar
Sirjana Sahit Kendra, Kot Kapura
Punjabi Sahit Sabha, Jaito
Punjabi Sahit Sabha, Badhni Kalan
Sahit Kala Manch, Daudhar
Malwa Sahit Kendra, Kot Kapura
Punjabi Sahit Sabha, Sadiq
Punjabi Sahit Sabha Fatuni Khera
Punjabi Sahit Sabha, Lakhewali
Punjabi Sahit Sabha, Bariwala
Sahit Dhara, Moga
Punjabi Likhari Sahba, Moga
Sahit Vichar Manch, Moga
Information pertaining to periodicals published in the district has
been given in Chapter XVIII `Public Life and Voluntary Social Service Organisations`.
Libraries
With the spread of education, libraries own libraries for the use of
students and teaching staff. All these libraries are doing useful service to
the people. These libraries are doing useful service to the people. These
libraries subscribe to a number of journals, daily newspapers, weeklies,
fortnightlies and monthly magazine.
The
District Library, Faridkot. – The library was
established in 1980. It is under the control of the Education Department, Punjab.
As on 31 March 1993, it has 24,790 books and 1,862 members. It subscribed to 6
newspapers and 32 periodicals. Some rare and valuable books are also available
in the library.
During 1992-93, other public libraries functioning in this district were: Baba Farid Library, Chilla Baba Farid, Faridkot, Library Senior Citizens Welfare Club, Faridkot; Shri Goswami Ganesh Dutt Library, Kot Kapura; Guru Gobind Singh Library, Kot Kapura; Lala Lajpat Rai Library, Dhudike and Desh Bhagat Yaadgari Library, Moga.
Baba
Farid Cultural Centre, Faridkot. – Deputy
Commissioner, Faridkot is the ex-officio Chairman of this centre. It has the
precious collections such as handwritten copy of Guru Granth Sahib. Tre-Kali
Devi’s status made of white stone, Bhagwat Gita which was written in sambat
1850, Mahavir Jain’s statue dating to 9th/10th century,
Mahatma Budh’s wooden statue, Ramayana written in Persian, an iron cup that
shows the art of Christianity, etc.
MEDICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES
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CONTENTS |
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(a) Public Health and Medical Facilities in Early Times
In the past, people were mostly illiterate and as such they depended much
on the methods of faith-cure and quackery for the cure of various ailments.
People in rural areas ascribed the incidence of diseases to evil influences
rather than the incidence of diseases to evil influences rather than
considering them as physical disorders. Hence, the emphasis was laid on
propitiating the evil spirits than providing medical assistance in whatever way
it was available. They even got themselves treated from persons known for
practicing magic and dispensing charms. With the spread of education and
scientific treatment of human ills coming nearer the reach of the people the
methods of faith-cure and quackery are taken resort to by fewer people now.
Only two systems of medicine, viz. Ayurvedic and Unani were prevalent among the
people because the simple and familiar medicines were prescribed. With coming
of the British, the allopathic system of medicine was also introduced, and in
due course of time it became more popular than the Ayurvedic and Unani systems
of medicine.
The Allopathic system of medicine was introduced in
the area falling under the present Faridkot District by the Britishers and by
the rulers of erstwhile Faridkot and Nabha States. A regular Medicine
Department was organized by Raja Bikram Singh’ which was placed under the
control of Chief Medical Officer. Charitable hospitals were established in the
State in 1975 by the Raja. During 1915, three hospitals viz. Sadar Hospital,
Faridkot, Zanana Hospitals, Faridkot and Cantonment Hospital, Faridkot and
three dispensaries one each at Kot Kapura, Nainawala and Sadiq were functioning
in the areas of the erstwhile Faridkot Princely State. Besides, a jail
dispensary was also functioning in Faridkot Jail. During the same year three
dispensaries were functioning one each at Moga, Muktsar and Badhni, the area
falling in British territory. An Allopathic dispensary was functioning at Jaito
in 1904, the area at that time under erstwhile Nabha State.
After the Independence of the country in 1947, a great
emphasis was laid on medical services. Large number of medical institutions
were opened in the State as well as in the area of the present Faridkot
District. There were only 49 medical institutions in the district during 1973
which increased to 182 in 1993. At present, all the four systems of medicine
viz. Allopathy, Ayurvedic, Unani and Homoeopathy are practiced. Of these,
allopathy is more popular on account of government has also decided to
popularize the indigenous system of medicine and a separate directorate has
been established for Ayurvedic and Unani systems. Homoeopathy is also becoming
very popular and the Government has also created a separated department for
homoeopathy. In 1993 there were 182 Allopathic Institutions in the district
comprising 15 hospitals, 9 community centers, 10 dispensaries, 1 T. B. clinic
at Faridkot and 1 Railway Health Unit at Kot Kapura.
Reliable estimates of population and its components are pre-requisite
for the planned development of any nation. Census is the main source of
information on growth of population and many other population characteristics,
but it being a decennial operation, does not provide the measure of population
change for year to year. To obtain yearly growth of population, the
registration of births and deaths system is in operation in the country. The
Civil Registration System may be defined `as continuous, permanent and
compulsory recording of the occurrence and characteristics of vital events as
defined in and provided through a decree or regulation in accordance with the
legal requirement of country`. The registration records are primarily useful
for their value as legal documents and recently as source of vital statistics.
Keeping in births and deaths statistics is no doubt a century old
practice, but it was not scientific in early days. The Civil Registration was
governed by different rules adopted for urban/rural areas of the Punjab State.
To keep the uniformity throughout the country, the Registration of Births and deaths
Act, 1969 was passed by the Government of India. This Act was enforced in
Punjab State with effect from 1 April 1970, though its actual implementation
started from 22 September 1972, with the notification of Punjab Registration of
Births and Deaths Rules, 1972.
The Director, Health and Family Welfare, Punjab is the ex-officio Chief
Registrar, Births and Deaths, in the State for the purpose. At the district
level, Civil Surgeon is the District Registrar, Births and Deaths. The District
Health Officer and in his absence, Assistant Civil Surgeon has been appointed
as Additional District Registrar, Births and Deaths to help the District
Registrar in Discharging his responsibility.
The Registration area has been divided in two sectors, i.e. rural urban
area. The registration hierarchy in these sectors is as under:
Rural Areas. – In the rural areas, the Station House Officer of
a police station has been notified as the Local Registrar, Births and Deaths
for the villages falling under his jurisdiction. Although it is the
responsibility of the head of the household to get the vital events registered
with the Local Registrar, the services of the Chowkidars are provided to the
villagers who record the events in the Chowkidars books and get it registered
with Local Registrar within the scheduled time limit, i.e. 14 days for births
and still births and 7 days for deaths.
Urban Areas. – In the urban areas, the Municipal
Corporation/Municipal Council/Notified Areas Committee is the Local
Registration Centre. The Municipal Medical Officer of Health and in his
absence, Executive Officer/Secretary/administrator is the Local Registrar,
Births & Deaths.
The birth rate, death rate and infantile mortality rate per thousand
per annum in Faridkot District during 1975, 1980 and 1985 to 1992 are given
below:
|
Year |
Birth rate per thousand of population |
Death rate per Thousand of Population |
Infant mortality rate per thousand live births |
|
1975 |
32.80 |
10.80 |
93.00 |
|
1980 |
27.40 |
6.60 |
70.65 |
|
1985 |
21.67 |
6.90 |
72.80 |
|
1986 |
21.68 |
5.75 |
67.90 |
|
1987 |
22.12 |
5.78 |
69.50 |
|
1988 |
22.80 |
5.60 |
65.30 |
|
1989 |
21.70 |
5.50 |
61.20 |
|
1990 |
23.58 |
6.25 |
68.70 |
|
1991 |
26.38 |
5.10 |
54.40 |
|
192 |
22.98 |
5.02 |
51.11 |
(Source: Civil Surgeon, Faridkot)
Important Causes of
Mortality. -- The important causes of
mortality in the district are typhoid group of fevers, pneumonia, respiratory
diseases and jaundice. The statistics regarding some of the important causes of
deaths in the Faridkot District, during 1975, 1980, 1985 and 1988 to 1992 are
given in Appendix I at page 503 to 504.