(e)
Forestry
Forests play a useful part in the economy of man and nature. According to the National Forest Policy, 1988 at least 331/3 per cent of total geographical area should be under forests. But the area under forests in the State is much lower. It is about 4.70 per cent of the total land area of the State.
During the Sikh rule and even in the early years of the British rule in the Punjab, the process of reckless deforestation of forests to meet the increasing demand for fuel has led to the deundation of a vast area under forests resulting in widespread erosion of hillside in the Shiwalik regions.
The Divisional Forest Officer, Muktsar looks after the forestry in the district. Its office was established on 7 August 1972. The jurisdiction of the Divisional Forest Officer extends to the whole of the district. This division has been divided in four ranges, i.e. Faridkot, Muktsar, Moga and Malaut. As on 31 March 1993, the Divisional Forest Officer, Muktsar, was assisted by 1 Forest Officer, 4 forest Rangers, 2 Deputy Rangers, 15 Roresters, 70 Forest Guards, 1 Office Superintendent, 1 Assistant and 8 Clerks besides other miscellaneous Class III and IV staff.
(i) Importance of
Forestry in the Economy of the District Area Under Forest
The total area under forests in the district during 1992-93 was 10,822.47 hectares. The rangewise area under forests is given below:
|
|
Area (in hectares) |
|
Faridkot |
2,198.21 |
|
Muktsar |
2,175.00 |
|
Moga |
2,175.00 |
|
Malaut |
4,123.59 |
|
Total |
10,822.47 |
(Source: Divisional Forest Officer, Faridkot Forest Division, Muktsar)
The forests have been categorized into three classes i.e. protected Forests, forest under Section 38 of Indian Forests Act, 1927 and Unclassed Forests. The category-wise area under forests in the district during 1992-93 is given below:
|
Particulars |
Area (in hectares) |
|
(i) Reserved Forests |
---- |
|
(ii) Protected Forests (Birs) strips |
3,175.65 |
|
Link Road Strips |
---- |
|
Rail Strips |
908.04 |
|
Canal strips |
6,723.74 |
|
Drain Strips |
--- |
|
Bir forest (Unclassed) |
15.00 |
|
(iii) Unclassed Section 38 of Indian Forest Act, 1927 |
--- |
|
(v) Under Land Preservation Act, 1980 |
--- |
|
Total |
10,822.47 |
Reserved Forest – There is no area under Reserved Forests in Faridkot Forest Division.
Protected Forests – All rail, road, canal and drain strips have been declared as protected Forests by the State Government. These strips were transferred for scientific management to forest Department. These strips were being stocked mainly with shisham, kikar and eucalyptus trees.
Birs– The Birs of the Faridkot District have also been included in Protected forests. Almost all the birs containing inferior scattered crop of kana, bushes, kikar,bner, jand, grass, etc. and at certain places big sandy blanks are also met with. In nutshell, the existing vegetation is of no commercial importance except that it yields low grade fire wood.
Forest Produce– The major produce of forests are timber and fuel wood. The minor forest produce include kahi, kana and panni.
The annual income realized by the department from the sale of forest produce in the district during 1975-76, 1980-81, 1985-86 to 1992-93 is as under:
|
Year |
Major Forest produce (Rs) |
Minor Forest Produce (Rs) |
|
1975-76 |
6,79,046.00 |
17,417.00 |
|
1980-81 |
26,15,225.00 |
26,149.00 |
|
1985-86 |
24,37,241.00 |
4,745.00 |
|
1986-87 |
33,23,947.00 |
24,567.00 |
|
1987-88 |
19,36,881.00 |
20,040.00 |
|
1988-89 |
22,95,306.00 |
1,09,657.00 |
|
1989-90 |
17,17,875.00 |
1,11,903.00 |
|
1990-91 |
15,48,847.00 |
91,470.00 |
|
1991-92 |
17,17,007.00 |
1,26,991.00 |
|
1992-93 |
26,47,602.00 |
1,05,525.00 |
(Source: Divisional Forest Officer, Faridkot Forest Division, Muktsar)
The area falling in the erstwhile Faridkot Princely State has not been prone to floods. But the area included in the Faridkot District from the then Firozpur District after the formation in 1972 has been a flood prone area. The damage caused by floods and heavy rains in the district during 1975, 1980 and 1985 to 1993 is given in Appendix III at page 180.
Famine is thing of the past now. There has been no famine in the State since long. But famine used to visit the areas falling in the Faridkot District prior to the introduction of the canal irrigation, as earlier all cultivation was dependent on rains Owing to the situation and constitution of the soil the rainfall was light and precarious, and the possibility of famine had always to the provided for. Disastrous famines occurred in 1933, 1948, 1860 and 1899. But after the introduction of canal irrigation there had been no major famine although there had been scarcities which led to shorting of prices during 1905-06, 1907-08 and 1910-11 due to light rainfall. In the areas transferred from Firozpur District some villages of Moga recorded the great famine of 1783, the so called chalisa. The year of 1899-1900 of which people frequently speak as chawnja was another bad year and the zamindars suffered considerable losses from having to sell-off large number of cattle at low prices.
With the extension of irrigation facilities after the Independence, the district is no longer prone to famine.
APPENDIX
I
Area
under principal crops in Faridkot District
(Thousand
hectares)
(Statistical
Abstracts of Punjab 1976, 1981, 1986 to 1993)
Appendix II
Production of principal crops in Faridkot District
(Thousand tones)
|
Year |
||||||||||
|
Crops |
1975-76 |
1980-81 |
1985-86 |
1986-87 |
1987-88 |
1988-89 |
1989-90 |
1990-91 |
1991-92 |
1992-93 |
|
Cereals |
||||||||||
|
Rice |
87 |
242 |
497 |
510 |
472 |
414 |
500 |
504 |
559 |
547 |
|
Jowar |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
--- |
(b) |
--- |
--- |
--- |
|
Bajra |
48 |
20 |
7.3 |
6.7 |
4.2 |
3.0 |
1.8 |
2.3 |
1.7 |
0.7 |
|
Maize |
23 |
14 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
2 |
2 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
|
Wheat |
624 |
945 |
1,287 |
1,120 |
1,278 |
1,325 |
1,385 |
1,407 |
1,420 |
1,244 |
|
Barley |
35 |
21 |
25 |
18 |
19 |
33 |
25.7 |
32.8 |
34.1 |
25.2 |
|
Pulses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gram |
68 |
22 |
15.1 |
11.6 |
4.8 |
11.6 |
5.6 |
4.3 |
2.8 |
1.6 |
|
Mash |
0.3 |
0.4 |
--- |
--- |
0.4 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
0.1 |
|
Arhar |
--- |
--- |
3.4 |
1.6 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
--- |
|
Moong |
0.4 |
2.7 |
12.0 |
15.6 |
11.4 |
18.6 |
10.6 |
14.1 |
10.2 |
10 |
|
Massar |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
(b) |
(b) |
--- |
--- |
|
Oil-seeds |
||||||||||
|
Groundnut |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
9.1 |
-- |
-- |
1 |
|
Rape and Mustard |
13 |
8 |
15 |
12 |
15 |
11 |
-- |
8.2 |
8.1 |
6 |
|
Sesamum |
--- |
-- |
--- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
--- |
--- |
(b) |
|
Linseed |
--- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
|
Other crops |
||||||||||
|
Sugarcane |
8 |
5 |
6 |
8 |
9 |
8 |
8 |
9 |
15 |
8 |
|
Dry Chillies |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
--- |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
|
Tobacco |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
-- |
-- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
|
Potato |
6.9 |
14.7 |
--- |
--- |
19.8 |
15.2 |
13.7 |
12.0 |
19.6 |
22 |
|
Cotton (American) |
54.20 |
54.84 |
72.84 |
89.10 |
107.82 |
118.35 |
141.06 |
166.53 |
136.75 |
131.91 |
|
Cotton (Desi) |
8.05 |
3.89 |
4.93 |
5.14 |
3.24 |
3.38 |
5.01 |
4.64 |
3.53 |
5.76 |
(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab 1976, 1981, 1986 to 1993)
Damage caused to private property and area under crops ,its produce and value due to floods during rainy season in Faridkot District
|
Damage to crops |
||||||||
|
Year |
Number of villages/towns affected |
Area affected (sq. km.) |
Number of human lives lost |
Number of cattle heads lost |
Number of houses damaged |
Area affected (hectares) |
Produce damaged (’00 Qtls) |
Value (‘000’) (Rs) |
|
1975 |
99 |
78 |
8 |
19 |
2,197 |
7,829 |
.. |
5,386 |
|
1980 |
165 |
180 |
3 |
45 |
12,295 |
18,035 |
.. |
… |
|
1985 |
528 |
5,280 |
15 |
691 |
6,341 |
19,228 |
.. |
69,705 |
|
1986 |
72 |
301 |
--- |
--- |
3,707 |
30,116 |
.. |
40,194 |
|
1987 |
--- |
--- |
-- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
|
1988 |
--- |
--- |
---- |
---- |
---- |
--- |
--- |
---- |
|
1989 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
---- |
--- |
---- |
---- |
|
1990 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
|
1991 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
-- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
|
1992 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
|
1993 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
-- |
-- |
--- |
-- |
--- |
(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab 1976, 1981, 1986 to 1994)
CHAPTER V
INDUSTRIES
|
|
CONTENTS |
|
F
|
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F
|
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F
|
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F
|
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F
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F
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F
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F
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F
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F
|
(a) Old-times
Industries and Industrial Development
During the Princely regime, there was not much industrial activity in this area. Arts and manufacture of the area then falling in the Princely State were limited to articles of local use, such as coarse cloth, Khaddar, chausi and country cloth, khes, chautahi, etc. Spinning wheels, bedsteads, antimony boxes, etc. were turned in Kot Kapura and had a local reputation. Village industries like handloom weaving, oil crushing by wooden ghanis, desi shoemaking, ban making, manufacture of gur and shakkar existed, making the village life very much self-sufficient.
The pre-partition time industries were based on farm produce as the area of present Faridkot District was primarily an agricultural area. There were a number of cotton ginning and pressing factories at Muktsar, Kot Kapura, Malaut and Jaito. The allied industry developed with cotton ginning in the district was cotton-seed oil extraction. The motive power used to run these factories in those days was steam. Later these factories were modified to use electric power. Prior to the Independence, the cotton bales from this area were exported to England to feed the booming textile industry of England. The cotton-seed oil was sent to other parts of the country to refine it for making cooking oil.
A state owned glass factory and distiller were run by the Princely State of Faridkot on Mudki Road at Faridkot. After the Independence these units had to close down under mounting competition from other units of this line in other parts of the country. Traditional village and cottage industries were based on local resources and local market. Prominent among these cottage industries was the desi jutties manufacturing. Especially the hand embroidered jutties of Muktsar were known all over Punjab. This craft has not only survived but also spread to other subdivisions of the district like Moga, Malaut and Giddarbaha. The embroidered jutties of Muktsar are still very famous in this part of the country. Village weaving industries were also known for its colourful khaddar and khes products. They used hand spun yarn which were abundance in this area and there was no problem for marketing these products.
Another traditional village industry is agricultural hand tools and implements. These tools included khurpa, sickles, kassi, panjali, etc. Every village had 2 to 10 artisans engaged in this industry depending on the size of the village. These tools are forged locally with hammers in coal furnace.
Apart from the above, snuff making at Giddarbaha is also an important old-time industry. Before the partition of the country in 1947, a firm of Giddarbaha used to import snuff from Hazroo (in Pakistan) and sell it in the local market. This industry has prospered and now there are 10 units at Giddarbaha. Its ancillary industry is snuff bix making, for its packing, which also flourished in this town. Snuff prepared at Giddarbaha finds a market even in such far-off places as Gujarat and Maharashtra states.
With the passage of time, some agro-based industries were also set up in the district. Being a cotton producing area, ginning and pressing industries were established at Giddarbaha after the First World War (1914-19). Prior to the setting up the unit, a few units engaged in wool pressing were also existing in this area. A hosiery unit was established at Moga in 1936.
After the partition of the country in 1947, the district has made considerable industrial progress. Slowly and steadily, industrial units have been set up at Malaut, Giddarbaha, Muktsar, Kot Kapura, Faridkot and Moga. Some of the new industries started are cotton spinning mills, brasswares, rubber insulated cables, cycle parts, plastic hoods, etc. Moga in particular, has emerged an important industrial town in the district and is known for milk products and ‘nescafe’ coffee, modern agricultural implements, oil engines, etc. A number of cotton ginning and pressing factories and units manufacturing agricultural implements have been set up at Malaut and Muktsar. Snuff making industry at Giddarbaha has also expanded substantially.
With the introduction of paddy cultivation in this area and change in cropping pattern, rice milling came up as another major industry of this district. There are about 170 rice mills in the district, which process paddy crop and produce rice bran in abundance as a by-product. Consequently 3 solvent extraction plants using rice bran as raw material have been set in the large-scale sector in the district to produce rice-bran oil and de-oiled cake as by-product. To process cotton, there are 103 cotton ginning and pressing mills and 90 oil mills. To further process cotton, 3 spinning mils have come up in the district. These mills produce yarn of textile mills of the country. There are 613 cereal mills, 14 cattle and poultry feed units, 2 milk plants in the district. The industries based on agriculture waste have also come up in the district and 10 units using paddy straw as raw material, have been set up to make cardboard and paper-board. A paper mill in large scale sector using bhabbar grass, fodder and cotton sticks as raw material has also been set up.
The other industries working in the district are; washing soap, foundries, drugs, pharmaceuticals, wooden and steel furniture, wooden building material, tractor parts, electric motors, generating sets, straw board, desi jutti, khaddar, khes, etc.
It appears that the importance was not given in the area of present Faridkot District for industrialization, either during the ancient times or during recent times. The fact that investment of capital is not forthcoming in this area must be the reason for the existence of only a few medium/large-scale industries.
The main reason for the industrial backwardness of this area are: attachment of farmers to the land; the short supply of power (cool, oil and electricity); lack of transport facilities and shortage of skilled labour.
For the industrialization of a district or an area effective entrepreneurship is very necessary. In order to encourage younger generation to under-take industrial activities, exhibitionised workshops are being conducted under the auspices of the Department of Industries.
Realizing that the future economic prosperity of the State hinges comprehensive development of the industrial sector, the State Government has extended number of facilities to the intending industrialists and entrepreneurs, who want to set up new industrial projects or to expand or modernize existing ones. These facilities include concessions in electricity duty, exemption of industrial units from property tax, allocation of slack coal, cement and bricks to the new units, allotment of developed land on installments and liberal conditions for the advance of loans by the Punjab Financial Corporation, commercial banks and other financial institutions. The Government also provides financial aid in the form of subsidies and grants-in-aid. The Industries Department issues essentiality certificates for granting import licenses for raw materials, machinery and their components. It also arranges procurement and distribution of coal, coke, cement, iron and steel. It provides technical guidance for starting new industries and imparts industrial training at its various institutions. A Government Leather Tanning Centre is imparting training at Kot Kapura.
Financial assistance for the development of industries under the Punjab State Aid to Industries Act, 1935 is given to the small-scale units on liberal terms.
The following table shows the financial assistance granted under the Punjab State Aid to Industries Act, 1935, for the development of small-scale industries in Faridkot District during 1988-89 to 1992-93: -
|
Subsidies (State and Centre) |
||
|
Year |
No. of parties |
Amount (000 Rs) |
|
1988-89 |
72 |
5,015 |
|
1989-90 |
12 |
808 |
|
1990-91 |
--- |
3,656 |
|
1991-92 |
70 |
4,010 |
|
1992-93 |
70 |
4,010 |
(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab 1989 to
1993)
Besides, nationalized/commercial banks and other financial institutions provide loans to these units keeping in view the national industrial policies. The subsidies are given by both Central and State Government through the Department of Industries.
The other measures taken for the promotion of industries in the district re discussed below:
(1)
Quality Marking Scheme
The Department of Industries, Punjab, has also set up Quality Marking Industrial Development Centres in the State for providing facilities of testing, marking also all types of services to the manufacturers. Quality control helps to secure uniformity of products. These centres facilitate constant improvement of processing in manufacturing. The uniformity in specifications also facilitates the interchangeability in the products. Moreover, production cost can be reduced through continuous processing. There is no quality marking centre functioning in the district. However, the benefits of these services are obtained from quality marking centres functioning in other districts.
(2)
Rural Industrialization
There are rural industrial development centres and common facility workshops running in the State. The workshops besides rendering technical assistance, undertake the manufacture of all types of common agricultural implements, like gur making equipment, poultry feeders, grain storage bins, plough, etc.
(3)
Other Organisations for the Development of Industries
Besides the above mentioned measures, a number of organization have been set up for the development and promotion of industries in the State. These are mentioned as under:
(i) The Punjab Financial Corporation Chandigarh. – It was established in 1953 under the State Financial Corporations Act, 1951 with the object of providing medium and long-term loans to the industrial concerns located in the State of Punjab. It was reconstituted under the Punjab Re-organisation act, 1966, on 1 April 1967.
It is generally grants term loans for creation/acquisition of fixed assets like land, building, plant & machinery. It also provides guarantee against deferred payments for the purchase of capital goods and offers underwriting facility of issue of stocks and shares to companies. The corporation also provides financial assistance for setting up of hotels, nursing homes/small hospitals, development of industrial estates and purchase of transport vehicles, etc.
The corporation grants loans for setting up new industrial concerns, expansion and modernization of existing concern and rehabilitation of sick industrial concerns, which have been assisted by it. The loans are generally granted for creation of fixed assets such as land, building and machinery, however, it also grants composite loan for meeting working capital requirements to new tiny and small units.
The public limited companies, private limited companies, co-operative societies, partnership firms, sole-proprietorship firms or HUF concerns are eligible for financial assistance from the corporation if these are engaged in or proposing to be engaged in; manufacture of goods; preservation of goods; mining or development of mines; hotel industry; transport of passengers or goods by road or by water or by ropeway or by lift; generation or distribution of power; these setting up or development of an industrial area or industrial estate; the maintenance, repair, testing or servicing of machinery of any description or vehicles or vessels or motor boats or tailors or tractors; assembling, repairing or packing any article with the aid of machinery or power; providing special or technical knowledge or other services for the promotion of industrial growth; providing weigh bridge facilities; and the research and development of any process or product in relation to any of the matter aforesaid.
The Punjab Financial Corporation provides loans up to Rs 150 lakhs under the State Financial Corporation Act, 1951. The rate of interest varies from 12 per cent to 19.5 per cent per annum depending on the size and location of the unit.
The corporation also provides finances under various schemes viz. industry, KVCI Scheme, Special Scheme for Term Loan including Working Capital Loan under Single Window to tiny and SSI units, Mahila Udyam Nidhi Scheme, Scheme for Loans to Physically Handicapped Entrepreneurs, Transport Industry, Scheme for Assistance to Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes Entrepreneurs, Equipment Refinance Scheme, Modernisation Scheme, Scheme of Assistance for Marketing Entrepreneurs, National Equity Fund Scheme, Scheme for Rehabilitation of Stock Units and Special Scheme for Assistance to Ex-servicemen.
The amount of loan sanctioned and disbursed by the corporation to various industrial units in Faridkot District during 1975-76, 1980-81 and 1895-86 to 1992-93 is given below:
(Rs in lakhs)
|
Year |
Sanctions |
Disbursements |
|
1975-76 |
46.55 |
53.23 |
|
1980-81 |
379.03 |
285.05 |
|
1985-86 |
69.38 |
24.10 |
|
1986-87 |
25.61 |
62.79 |
|
1987-88 |
244.11 |
86.69 |
|
1988-89 |
294.92 |
239.90 |
|
1989-90 |
205.72 |
237.95 |
|
1990-91 |
186.84 |
69.00 |
|
1991-92 |
165.14 |
103.00 |
|
1992-93 |
414.44 |
336.38 |
(Source: Punjab Financial Corporation, Chandigarh)
(ii) The Punjab Small Industries and Export Corporation, Ltd. Chandigarh –It was established in March 1962 as Punjab Export Corporation, Ltd. in October 1982 the work of Punjab Small Scale Industries Corporation, Ltd. (established in 1962), was transferred to this corporation and its name was changed to the Punjab small Industries and Export Corporation, Ltd. The main functions of the corporation comprised procurement, storage and distribution of all categories of industrial raw material, whether imported or indigenous, viz. ferrous and non ferrous metals, coal, molasses, yarns, oils, dyes, lather, timber, chemicals, foam, laminated sheets, plastic cane, spirit and plywood. The raw materials are distributed to the industrial units on the recommendation of the Director of Industries, Punjab, through the offices of the corporation functioning in various towns of the state.
The Punjab Small Industries and Export Corporation has been acting as a catalyst for promoting industry in Punjab through development for industrial infrastructures popularly known as industrial focal point. So far, this corporation has developed two industrial focal points, i.e. at Moga and Kot Kapura in the district. Area of focal point Moga is 108.00 acres and Kot Kapura is 53.25 acres. The sites of focal points have been selected keeping in view all the necessary ingredients for industrial development such as communications, roads, railways and civic amenities, also to disperse industries in the backward area for providing gainful employment of the surrounding area.
Details of plot allotted in the Focal Point Moga and Kot Kapura as on 31 March 1993 is given below:
|
Focal point |
Total Plots |
Plots allotted |
Plots unalloted |
|
Moga |
203 |
184 |
19 |
|
Kot Kapura |
113 |
97 |
16 |
(iii) The Punjab State Industrial Development Corporation, Ltd., Chandigarh– Established in 1966, the corporation acts as an institution of entrepreneurs for promoting industries in the large and medium-scale sectors in the State. In pursuance of this objective, the corporation undertakes techno-economic investigation and preparation of feasibility reports. Based on the results of its investigations, it approaches industrial licenses and takes necessary steps for converting letters of intent into industrial licences. After finalization of technical and financial collaboration, wherever required, it floats companies for implementation of the projects. As a matter of policy, the projects are implemented in the joint sector. The corporation holds not less than 26 per cent and the private sector co-promoter not more than 25 per cent of the paid-up equity capital of the company incorporated for the implementation of a project. The balance of 49 per cent of the equity capital and the entire preference capital, if any, is offered to the public for subscription.
The main functions of the investment cell of the corporation comprise the evaluation of projects, sanction and disbursement of financial assistance and post-disbursement follow-up by keeping close touch with the affairs of the assisted concerns. The corporation comprise the evaluation of projects, sanction and disbursement of financial assistance and post-disbursement follow-up by keeping close touch with the affairs of the assisted concerns. The corporation also provides financial assistance to projects promoted by private entrepreneurs in the State.
For promoting large/medium units, the Punjab State Industrial Development Corporation is plying the role of a premier institution, which combines in itself the role of both promotional institution as well as a financial institution. For the year 1993-94, the Punjab State Industrial Development Corporation has fixed a target of setting up of 20 units with capital outlay of Rs 270.13 crores with employment potential of 3,724 persons. Similarly, targets of sanctions and disbursements of loans for the year 1993-94 have been fixed at Rs 45 crores and 40 crores respectively. An amount of Rs 18.34 crores has been sanctioned and Rs 10.22 crores disbursed upto 30 September 1993 in the current financial year.
(c)
Industrial Training Institutes
In order to impart training in improved methods of production, training centers were established by the Sate Government from time to time to benefit the people of the State. The Department of Technical Education and Industrial Training, Punjab, imparts industrial technical and vocational training to boys and girls through its various industrial training schools/institutions/centers. Industrial Training Wing of the department is charged with the responsibility of imparting training in various skills and educate in single technologies through various institutions under its control. The purpose is to train manpower at the works and supervisors’ level for the industry. The department is engaged in the implementation of various schemes, viz. craftsman training, apprenticeship training and special training in industrial schools. Besides, special training centers have been started to train the children belonging to the Scheduled Castes and Backward Classes in various engineering and non-engineering trades. Passed out trainees are assisted in getting employment in public and private sectors.
The industrial training programme in the Punjab received an impetus under the Government of India’s programme. There are four Government industrial training institutes for boys in the district, one each at Faridkot, Moga Sarai Nanga and Kheowali, where training in engineering and non-engineering trades is given to the students. There are also two Government industrial training centers one each located at Muktsar and Faridkot, which impart training in Punjabi Stenography, cutting and tailoring, knitting with hand machines, etc. Besides, there are six Government industrial training institutes for girls, one each at Jaito Giddarbaha, Moga, Kot Kapura Chuhar Chak and Dharmkot, which impart training in tailoring and cutting, needle work and embroidery.
The particulars of the different Government training institutes/centers in the district are given in the following statement: -
The number of seats sanctioned (trade-wise) in Government Industrial Training Institutes/Centres functioning in Faridkot District during 1992-93
|
Serial No. |
Name
and location of institute |
Years
of establish-ment |
Duration
|
Name of trade/ course |
Number of seats |
|
1 |
Industrial Training Institute, Faridkot |
1963 |
2 years |
Fitter |
396 |
|
2 years |
Turner |
||||
|
2 years |
Electrician |
||||
|
2 years |
Motor Mechanic |
||||
|
2 years |
Radio & T.V. Mechanic |
||||
|
2 years |
Machinist Comp. |
||||
|
2 years |
Draftsman civil |
||||
|
1 year |
Welder |
||||
|
1 year |
Carpenter |
||||
|
1 year |
Tractor Mechanic |
||||
|
1 year |
Sheet-metal |
||||
|
1 year |
Punjabi Stenography |
||||
|
1 year |
Cutting
and Tailoring |
||||
|
1 year |
Farm Mechanic |
||||
|
2 |
Industrial Training Institution, Moga |
1963 |
2 years |
Fitter |
604 |
|
2 years |
Turner |
||||
|
2 years |
Electrician |
||||
|
2 years |
Radio
and T.V. Mechanic |
||||
|
2 years |
Motor Mechanic |
||||
|
2 years |
Wireman |
||||
|
2 years |
Farm Mechanic |
||||
|
2 years |
Surveyer |
||||
|
2 years |
Ref.
& A.C. Mechanic Plumber |
||||
|
2 years |
Instrument
Mechanic |
||||
|
1 year |
Carpenter |
||||
|
1 year |
Diesel Mechanic |
||||
|
1 year |
Welder |
||||
|
1 year |
Steno English |
||||
|
1 year |
Steno Punjabi |
||||
|
1 year |
Draftsman civil |
||||
|
3 |
Industrial Training institute, Sarai Nanga |
1963 |
2 years |
Turner |
60 |
|
2 years |
Electrician |
||||
|
1 year |
Tractor Mechanic |
||||
|
1 year |
Embroidery |
||||
|
4 |
Industrial Training Institution Kheowali |
1976 |
1 year |
Cutting
and Tailoring |
200 |
|
1 year |
Embroidery |
||||
|
2 year |
Draftsman Civil |
||||
|
2 year |
Electronics Teacher Training |
||||
|
1 year |
Fruits
and Vegetables preservation |
||||
|
5 |
Industrial Training Centre , Muktsar |
1963 |
1 year |
Punjabi Steno |
80 |
|
1 year |
Cutting
and Tailoring |
||||
|
1 year |
Knitting with Hand Machine |
||||
|
6 |
Industrial Training Centre , Faridkot |
1963 |
1 year |
Punjabi Steno |
48 |
|
1 year |
Cutting and Tailoring |
||||
|
1 year |
Knitting with Hand Machine |
||||
|
7 |
Industrial
Training Institute for Women, Moga |
1963 |
1 year |
Cutting
and Tailoring |
64 |
|
1 year |
Embroidery |
||||
|
8 |
Industrial
Training Institute for Women, Giddarbaha |
1966 |
1 year |
Cutting and Tailoring |
48 |
|
1 year |
Embroidery |
||||
|
9 |
Industrial Training
Institution for Women, Kot Kapura |
1968 |
1 year |
Cutting and Tailoring |
48 |
|
1 year |
Embroidery |
||||
|
10 |
Industrial
Training Institute for Women, Chuhar Chak |
1968 |
1 year |
Cutting
and Tailoring |
48 |
|
11 |
Industrial
Training Institute for Women, Dharmkot |
1968 |
1 year |
Cutting
and Tailoring |
48 |
|
12 |
Industrial
Training Institute for Women, Jaito |
1976 |
1 year |
Cutting
and Tailoring |
48 |
|
1 year |
Embroidery |
(Source: Director, Technical education and Industrial Training, Punjab, Chandigarh)
(d) Industrial Estates and Industrial Areas/ Focal Points
The Scheme for the establishment of industrial estates was launched in the State with the object of dispersing industries to economically backward areas and creating conditions for planned industrial growth. The State Government gives assistance for establishing industrial estates, industrial areas and focal points. The industrial estates are used as a mechanism to stimulate the growth and efficiency of small industries in the district.
No industrial estate was set up in the Faridkot District upto 31 March 1993.
Industrial Focal Points —For the development of industrial sector, two industrial focal points have been developed at Moga and Kot Kapura in the district, where Government provides economic assistance to industries. The number of industrial plots developed at Moga and Kot Kapura, as on 31 December 1993 was 203 and 113, respectively. The area acquired at Moga and Kot Kapura for the development of industrial focal points was 108.00 acres and 53.25 acres, respectively.
(e)
Sources of power
Although the electricity was being used in the pre-Independence era but its availability was limited to the high strata of society only. There was hardly 58 MW of installed capacity in the composite State of Punjab catering nearly 20,000 consumers. The main source of generation was Shanan Power House at Joginder Nagar with installed capacity of 48 MW. Immediately after the Independence, the role of power in socio-economic development was released and an ambitious programme for development of power sector in the State of Punjab was planned. It was then realized to take up mighty project like Bhakra Nangal, Ganguwal and Kotla Power House with installed capacity of total 4 X 24.2 MW were commissioned during 1954-55 and 1956-57 respectively. The bulk power from Bhakra Left Bank Power House (5 X 90 MW) was available during 1960-61 and with this abundant poer the real growth of economy of the State came into top gear.
The supply of hydro-electric power in the district is satisfactory. The district is served by the Faridkot, Firozpur, Patiala and Bathinda circles of Punjab State Electricity Board. The Faridkot Circle (formed in June 1976) comprises Sub Urban (OP) Division, Moga; City Division, Moga; Bagha Purana Division, Bagha Purana; Kot Kapura Division, Kot Kapura; and Faridkot division, Faridkot. These divisions fall under the administrative control of the Superintending Engineer, Operation Circle, Punjab State Electricity Board, Faridkot. Muktsar Division, Muktsar is under the administrative control of the superintending Engineer, Punjab State Electricity Board, Firozpur; and Malaut Division, Malaut and Giddarbaha Division, Giddarbaha are under the control of superintending Engineer, Punjab State Electricity Board, Bathinda. Besides, the Executive Engineer, Protection and Maintenance division, Punjab State Electricity Board, Moga and Executive Engineer, Protection and Maintenance division, Punjab State Electricity Board, Kot Kapura in the Faridkot Division functions under the administration control of Superintending Engineer, Protection and Maintenance division, Punjab State Electricity Board Patiala. The main functions of these divisions are the maintenance of sub stations.
The consumption of power in Faridkot District during 1988-89 to 1992-93 is given below:
(Million KWH)
|
Year |
Domestic |
Comm- Cial |
Indust- Rial |
Agricul- Tural |
Others |
Total |
Percentage to total consump- tion in Punjab |
|
1988-89 |
88.5 |
13.7 |
147.5 |
264.6 |
5.9 |
520.2 |
5.41 |
|
1989-90 |
110.5 |
17.8 |
177.3 |
323.0 |
8.2 |
636.8 |
5.57 |
|
1990-91 |
115.1 |
16.5 |
175.5 |
314.9 |
8.4 |
630.4 |
5.29 |
|
1991-92 |
124.5 |
22.4 |
176.8 |
342.4 |
7.7 |
673.8 |
5.33 |
|
1992-93 |
140.0 |
22.3 |
192.5 |
380.6 |
8.3 |
743.7 |
5.35 |
(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab 1989 to
1993)
(f) Growth and Development of Industries
Faridkot District with the development of agriculture has become a major paddy producing district of the State. A large number of rice shellers have been set up in the district. Moga has become a good industrial base with the setting up of a number of large and medium scale units.
A number of steps have been taken for the development of industries under the Five Year Plans. Under the First Five Year Plan an industrial training centre was set up at Kot Kapura and a sum of Rs 30,000 was advanced as loans for the development of industries. In the Second Five Year Plan and industrial training centre was also set up at Faridkot. Similar encouragement has continued under the subsequent Five Year Plans. Thus the number of industrial units and their production in the district, increased further during the Five Year Plans.
In 1992-93, there were 12 units in the large and medium scale sector and 10,058 working units in the small-scale sector (SIDO and non SIDO) in the district which engaged in food manufacturing, spinning and weaving of cotton textiles, manufacture of paper and board and manufacture of solvent oil and industrial hard oil. The fixed investment in these units was Rs 8,036.58 lakhs and these produced goods worth Rs 25,591.75 lakhs. These units gave employment to 35,400 persons.
There is a District Industries Centre at Moga functioning in the district of Faridkot. This scheme was started by the Central Government in 1979 to develop small-scale and cottage industries through the window service under one roof. It also includes Rural Industrial programme/Rural Artisan programme, Seed Margin Money Scheme and Evaluation of Self Employment for Educated unemployed youth Scheme.
(g) Industries and Manufactures of the District
The industries in the district may be classified under three broad heads, viz. large and medium scale, small-scale and cottage and village industries. The jail industries have been mentioned separately.
(i)
Large and Medium Scale Industries
In 1992-93, there were 12 units in the large and medium scale sector in the district.
Cotton ginning, processing, spinning, textile and cotton-seed processing units are the most important industrial units of the district in which a large number of units are engaged. Cotton, which is the basic raw material of this industry, is available in plenty in this area. From processing of cotton to textile, all these works are carried on in large, medium as well as in small-scale sectors. Since the cotton ginning industry is raw material oriented, it is concentrated in the cotton growing tract of Giddarbaha-Malaut. Most of these units are located at Malaut, Muktsar and Giddarbaha. The main products of these units are: processed cotton, textiles and cotton-seed-oil. The details of these industrial units are as under:
(1) Birla Cotton Ginning and Processing Factory, Malaut – This is an important large-scale industry of the district. This unit was established at Malaut in 1943 in the private sector with capital investment of Rs 27.84 lakhs. The main products of the unit are processed and ginned cotton. The raw material of this industry is available in plenty in this area. The major consumers of the ginned cotton in the district are the spinning mills located at malaut and Sandhwan and remaining ginned cotton is sent to other districts of the State.
During 1992-93 the unit gave employment to 165 persons and produced goods worth Rs 2,572.00 lakhs.
(2) Suraj Textile Mills, Malaut – The cotton textile is very important industry of the district as cotton is the major commercial crop of the area. Suraj Textile Mill was established in 1973 at Malaut with the capital investment of Rs 380.82 lakhs. It Government of India undertaking. The main product of the unit is cotton yarn which has a good market within the country.
During 1992-93, the unit gave employment to 710 persons and produced goods worth Rs 781.00 lakhs.
(3) The Kot Kapura Co-operative Spinning Mills Sandhwan (Kot Kapura) – This unit was established in 1979 at Sandhwan in co-operative sector. The main product of the unit is cotton yarn. The raw material i.e. ginned cotton is easily available in the district and the marketing of the product is not a problem.
During 1992-93, the unit gave employment to 950 persons and its fixed investment was Rs 596.52 lakhs. It produced goods worth Rs 1,423.00 lakhs.
(4) Malaut Co-operative Spinning Mills Ltd., Malaut – This unit was established at malaut in 1984 in the co-operative sector with the fixed investment of Rs 1,104.92 lakhs. Its main products are cotton, yarn and acrylic fibre. The raw material i.e. cotton is easily available in the district.
During 1992-93, the unit gave employment to 1,338 persons and produced goods worth Rs 1,398 lakhs.
(5) Sarswati Extraction pvt. Ltd., Village Sandhwan (Kot Kapura) – This unit was established in 1975 at village Sandhwan in private sector with the fixed investment of Rs 34.01 lakhs. Rice bran is used as raw material by the unit and rice-bran oil is its main product.
During 1992-93, the unit produced goods worth Rs 1,143.00 lakhs and gave employment to 49 persons.
(6) Markfed Cotton Seed Processing Plant, Giddarbaha – This unit was established in public sector at Giddarbaha during the year 1975. The unit is engaged in extracting oil from cotton seeds which are the by-product of cotton ginning mills located in this area. Its main products are cotton-seed oil and cake.
During 1992-93, the unit gave employment to 160 persons and produced goods worth Rs 526.00 lakhs.
(7) Morinda Solvent Pvt. Ltd. Village Ajitwal –It was established in private sector at village Ajitwal on Ludhiana-Moga road, during 1981. The raw material used by this unit is rice-bran which is available in plenty in this area. There is no problem of marketing of its product.
(8) Evershine Solvex Pvt. Ltd., Muktsar – Ever-shine Solvex Pvt. was established in 1986 at Muktsar. The fixed capital investment of the unit was Rs 103.30 lakhs. Its main product is rice-bran oil which is used by solvent oil and industrial hard oil manufacturers. This unit gave employment to 96 persons and produced goods worth Rs 586.00 lakhs during 1992-93.
The other agro based industrial units in medium and large-scale sector in the district are milk plants, sugar and paper industry. These re mentioned as under:
(9) Nestle India Ltd., Moga – Food Specialties Ltd., was established in 1961 in the public sector at Moga with 55 per cent capital subscribed by Nestle Company of Switzerland. Later on, its name was changed to Nestle India Ltd. The company blends and other food items. The products of this company have international market.
In 1992-93, the unit gave employment to 1,537 persons and its fixed investment was Rs 13,578 lakhs. It produced goods worth Rs 25,876.00 lakhs during the year.
(10) Road Master Foods Ltd., Kot kapura – This unit was established in 1989 in private sector at focal point, Kot Kapura. The raw material used by the plant is milk, which is locally available. Its main products are milk and milk products.
In 1992-93, the unit gave employment to 206 persons and its fixed investment was Rs. 1,129,92 lakhs. It produced goods worth Rs. 4,519.00 lakhs.
(11) Faridkot Suhar Mills Ltd. Faridkot– It is one of the leading rural industries of the district. Its importance lies in the fact that it supports large number of cultivators. The main raw material i.e. sugarcane ,is produced by growers of the Faridkot District. The growers are provided with various facilities to ensure regular growing of cane to meet the requirements of the mills. Huge amount of capital is invested in this industry.
Keeping in view the fact that no sugar mill was functioning in the area and sugarcane, its basic raw material, was available in abundance, a unit in the large-scale sector was established at Faridkot. The main product of this industry is sugar and there is no problem of its marketing.
During 1992-93, the unit gave employment to 692 persons and its fixed investment was Rs 2,906,39 lakhs.
(12) Satia paper Mills Ltd., Muktsar– This unit was established in 1985 in the private sector with capital investment of Rs 701.02 lakhs. The main products of the industry is writing and printing paper. The main raw material used by the industry is bhabbar grass, which is locally available. The wheat and rice straw is also utilized as raw material. The product of the unit is in great demand. During 1992-93, this unit gave employment to 498 persons and produced goods worth Rs. 1,855.00 lakhs.