APPENDIX I

(Vide page 236)

Sample household classification by the number of members and by the number of rooms occupied in the Hoshiarpur District, 1971

	Total number of census house-holds	Total number of members		Total number of rooms	Number of house holds	Households with one room		Number of house-holds	Households with two rooms		Number of house-holds	Households with three rooms
		Males	Females			Number of members			Number of members			Numbers of members
						Males	Females		Males	Females		Males	Females
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
Total	1,93,030	5,45,970	4,97,260	4,27,275	67,470	1,64,650	1,44,090	68,630	1,93,740	1,77,450	30,580	94,540	88,765
Rural	1,66,735	4,77,270	4,37,255	3,69,115	58,300	1,44,415	1,28,135	58,640	1,67,830	1,55,035	27,160	84,660	79,155
Urban	26,295	68,700	60,005	58,160	9,170	20,235	15,955	9,990	25,910	22,415	3,420	9,880	9,610

APPENDIX I

	Number of house-holds	Households with four rooms		Number of house-holds	Households with five rooms and above		Number of house-holds	Households with unspecified number of rooms		Number of house-holds with details un-specified
		Number of members			Number of members			Number of members
		Male	Females		Males	Females		Males	Females
	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24
Total	14,215	47,380	44,615	12,105	45,590	42,290	30	70	50	-
Rural	12,295	41,410	38,805	10,310	38,885	36,075	30	70	50	-
Urban	1,920	5,970	5,810	1,795	6,705	6,705	-	-	-	-

(Census of India, 1971, Series 17-Punjab, Part IV, Housing Report & Tables, Part IV, pp. 106-107)

APPENDIX II

(Vide page 214)

Wage rates of labour per day prevalent in the Hoshiarpur District, 1909 to 1932

Year	Wages of labour
	Skilled		Un-skilled		Cart
	Highest	Lowest	Highest	Lowest	Highest	Lowest
	Rs A P	Rs A P	Rs A P	Rs A P	Rs A P	Rs A P
1909	-	-	-	-	0-6-0	0-6-0
1912	-	-	-	-	0-8-0	0-8-0
1917	-	-	-	-	0-10-0	0-10-0
1922	1-10-0	1-0-0	1-12-6	0-7-6	0-10-0	0-10-0
1927	1-10-0	1-0-0	0-12-0	0-7-6	0-14-0	0-14-0
1931	1-3-0	0-10-0	0-8-6	0-4-6	0-10-0	0-10-0

(Contd.)

APPENDIX II- concld.

(Vide page 214)

Wage rates of labour per day prevalent in the Hoshiarpur District, 1909 to 1932

Year	Wages of labour
	Camel		Donkey per score		Boat
	Highest	Lowest	Highest	Lowest	Highest	Lowest
	Rs A P	Rs A P	Rs A P	Rs A P	Rs A P	Rs A P
1909	0-8-0	0-6-0	5-0-0	3-12-0	2-0-0	1-0-0
1912	0-8-0	0-8-0	5-0-0	4-6-0	2-4-0	1-6-0
1917	0-8-0	0-6-0	5-0-0	5-0-0	2-8-0	1-8-0
1922	0-10-0	0-8-0	5-0-0	5-0-0	2-8-0	1-8-0
1927	0-12-6	0-11-0	5-0-0	5-0-0	2-0-0	1-4-0
1931	0-14-0	0-10-0	5-0-0	5-0-0	2-0-0	1-4-0

(Punjab District Gazetteers, Vol . VIII, Part B, Hoshiarpur District Statistical Tables, 1935 (Lahore, 1936), P. IXXXVII)

APPENDIX III

(Vide page 241)

Wage rates of different types of labourers or inferior Government Servants per day/month fixed in the Hoshiarpur District during 1974-75

Serial No.		Rates of pay
		Per day (Rs)	Per month (Rs)
1.	Chowkidar	7.00	170.00
2.	Mali	7.00	170.00
3.	Cook	7.50	205.00
4.	Assistant Cook	7.00	185.00
5.	Dhobi	7.00	175.00
6.	Pankha Coolie	6.00	160.00
7.	Boy Pankha Coolie	5.00	145.00
8.	Khalasi	6.00	160.00
9.	Boy Khalasi	5.00	135.00
10.	Dak Runner	6.00	160.00
11.	Tailor	7.50	205.00
12.	Mochi	7.00	200.00
13.	Labourer (Skilled)	7.00	175.00
14.	Labourer (Unskilled)	6.00	165.00
15.	Labourer (Boy)	5.00	140.00
16.	Water Carrier	6.00	160.00
17.	Grass Cutter	6.00	160.00
18.	Barber	7.00	180.00
19.	Carpenter	14.00	270.00
20.	Mason	14.00	270.00
21.	Black Smith	14.00	270.00
22.	Cycle Mistri	8.50	230.00
23.	Painter	14.00	270.00
24.	Ward Servant Male/Female (Civil Hospital)	7.00	175.00
25.	Dental bearer for Civil Hospital	7.00	175.00
26.	Flag man	6.00	160.00
27.	Chainman	6.00	160.00
28.	Boatman	7.00	170.00
29.	Oil Greaser	7.00	170.00
30.	Sweeper	70.00	175.00
31.	Truck/Tractor Driver	8.50	245.00
32.	Truck/Tractor Cleaner	7.00	175.00
33.	Tubewell Operator/Diesel Engine	8.50	245.00
34.	Halwai	9.00	265.00
35.	Server	7.00	170.00
36.	Ploughman with a pair of bullock	18.00	-
37.	Bullock Cart with a pair of Bullock (tyres)	25.00	-
38.	Bullock Cart with a pair of bullocks (with a wooden wheals)	20.00	-
39.	Karahman with pair of Bullocks	18.00	-
40.	Hammerman	7.00	-
41.	Way Mate	7.00	-
42.	Way Khalasi	7.00	-
43.	Tar Sprayer	7.00	-
44.	Canner	7.00	-
45.	Coller Woman	7.00	175.00
46.	Fitter	7.50	-
47.	Electrician	7.50	-
48.	Assistant Fitter	7.00	-
49.	Assistant Electrician	7.00	-
50.	Assistant Carpenter	7.00	-
51.	Assistant Turner	7.00	-
52.	Assistant Black Smith	7.00	-
53.	Helper/Cleaner	5.50	-
54.	Store Boy	5.50	-
55.	Ticket Verifier	7.00	-
56.	Tractor Operator	8.50	-
57.	Allowance for supplying drinking water/dusting office by class IV employees	10.00	-
58.	Ploughing charges per acre for single ploughing	18.00 per acre	-
59.	Agricultural labourer (Man)	7.00	-
60.	Woman Labourer	5.50	-
61.	Muleman/Horseman with one Mule/Horse/Donkey	Rs 12/- & Rs. 7/- for each Addl. Animal	-
62.	Camelman with one Camel	Ditto	-
63.	Ex-Truck Operator	14.00	-
64.	Road Roller Driver	11.00 (not applicable to road-roller drivers who are in regular pay in regular pay scales)

(Source: Deputy Commissioner, Hoshiarpur).

APPENDIX IV

Work done by the District Employment Exchange, Hoshiarpur, in the Hoshiarpur District during 1970-71 to 1974-75

Year	Registration during the year	Vacancies notified	Applicants placed in employment during the year	Applicants on live register at the end of the year	Monthly No. of employees using the Exchange	Vacancies carried over at the end of the year
1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1970-71	9,676	2,050	1,623	6,832	353	186
1971-72	9,597	1,937	1,647	7,947	338	161
1972-73	11,084	2,139	1,615	9,283	579	146
1973-74	11,021	4,558	3,064	9,862	735	317
1974-75	8,830	1,886	1,317	13,891	413	228

(Source: District Employment Officer, Hoshiarpur)

APPENDIX V

Work done by the District Employment Exchange, Talwara Township, in the Hoshiarpur District during 1970-71 to 1974-75

Year	Registration during the year	Vacancies notified	Applicants placed in employment during the year	Applicants on live register at the end of the year	Monthly No. of employees using the Exchange	Vacancies carried over at the end of the year
1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1970-71	3,619	666	406	2,693	161	312
1971-72	5,632	1,376	832	4,906	184	110
1972-73	7,792	2,736	1,189	5,844	173	793
1973-74	8,671	2,026	1,799	8,265	187	239
1974-75	5,683	551	589	7,479	300	114

(Source: District Employment Officer, Talwara Township)

CHAPTER X

GENERAL ADMINISTRATION

(a)	Historical Background and the Divisions of the District
(b)	District Authorities
(c)	Development Organization
(d)	General Arrangement for the Disposal of Business
(e)	District Committees
(f)	Other State and Central Government Officers

(a) Historical Background and Divisions of the District

A district is the basic administrative unit in civil administration. Lord Cornwallis (1786-93) discovered a happy solution to the problem of good district administration. The local unit of administration was the district to which the officer of high caliber was appointed to perform three main functions: to maintain peace, collect the revenue and administer justice. Thus, the main idea underlying the organization of districts has been to ensure the maintenance of law and order, collection of revenue, education, public health, sanitation and development in various spheres.

The district of Hoshiarpur was annexed by the British with the rest of Jullundur Doab in 1846. The district at first consisted of five tahsils, viz. Hoshiarpur, Mukerian, Una, Garhshankar and Hariana. In 1850 a taluqa of Jandbari, forming part of the Ambala District, was transferred to this district. In 1861 the Hariana Tahsil was abolished and its western portion comprising the Tanda Police Jurisdiction was made over to the Mukerian Tahsil, the headquarters of which were transferred to Dasuya. The hill portions, i.e. those to the east of Shiwaliks, of the Hariana Tahsil joined to Hoshiarpur, which on the other hand parted with the Mahalpur Thana to Garhshankar.

The boundaries of the district have undergone hardly any change thereafter. These were substantially changed on the reorganization of the composite Punjab on November 1, 1966. Una Tahsil of the composite Hoshiarpur District was partly merged into newly carved Ropar (now renamed as Rupnagar) District and partly into Kangra District (Himachal Pradesh). Later in 1970, Balachaur Tahsil, formerly a sub-tahsil was carved out as a separate entity out of the Garhshankar Tahsil.

In the above background the administrative set-up of the Hoshiarpur District is detailed hereunder:

Administrative Divisions. –For the purpose of general and revenue administration, the district is divided into four tahsils, viz. Hoshiarpur (including sub-tahsil Bhunga), Dasuya, (including sub-tahsils Mukerian and Talwara), Garhshankar and Balachaur. Hoshiarpur, Dasuya and Garhshankar tahsils have since been converted into subdivisions. The Sub Divisional Officer (Civil), Garhshankar looks after the work of the Balachaur Tahsil also. Hoshiarpur was made subdivision in 1965, Dasuya in 1960 and Garhshankar in 1962.

The strength of Sub Division Officers (Civil), Tahsildars and Naib-Tahsildars in the district, as on March 31, 1976, is given below:

Subdivision/Tahsil	No. of posts
	Sub Divisional Officer (Civil)	Tahsildar	Naib-Tahsildar
Hoshiarpur	1	1	3
Dasuya	1	1	2
Garhshankar	1	1	2
Balachaur	-	1	1
District Hoshiarpur	3	4	8

(b) District Authorities

Deputy Commissioner: -For administrative purposes, the Deputy Commissioner, Hoshiarpur, is under the control of the Commissioner, Jullundur Division, Jullundur. He has the overall charge of the district administration. He has to play triple role-as Deputy Commissioner, Collector and District Magistrate:

(i) As Deputy Commissioner, he is the executive head of the district with multifarious responsibilities relating to civil administration, development, panchayats and local bodies, etc. Due to the overriding importance of his office, he is considered to be the measuring rod of efficiency in the administration.

The Deputy Commissioner has an Office Superintendent under him to supervise the work of the clerical staff. He guides the functioning of the different branches, each of which is headed by an Assistant who has to perform two types of functions, viz. supervisory and disposal of important cases. An Assistant has one or more Clerks under him.

The number of branches in the office of the Deputy Commissioner differs from district to district depending upon the requirements in each case, but more important branches existing in almost all the districts are: Establishment Branch, Nazarat Branch, Development Branch, Miscellaneous Branch, Licensing Branch, Complaints and Enquiries Branch, Local Funds Branch, District Revenue Accounts Branch, Flood Relief Branch, Revenue Records Branch, Records and Issue Branch, Sadr Copying Branch, Civil Defence Branch, etc.

(ii) As Collector, the Deputy Commissioner is the head of the revenue administration in the district. Being the highest revenue authority, he is to keep accurate and up-to-date maintenance of records of rights regarding the lands. He is responsible for the collection of land revenue as well as other kinds of Government taxes, fees and dues. He is the appointing authority for most of the important subordinate revenue staff in the district and supervises and controls their work.

He is responsible for the grant and eventual recovery of certain types of loans for agricultural improvement. The Deputy Commissioner is the highest revenue judicial authority in the district. The hearing of appeals against the decisions of subordinate revenue officers in various matters also falls within his jurisdiction. He also holds charge of the district treasury. In this capacity he is responsible for due accounting of all moneys received and disbursed, the correctness of treasury returns and the safe custody of the valuables which it contains.

All the branches dealing with revenue matters are under the direct supervision of the Assistant Superintendent (Revenue and Records) who supervises Sadr Kanungo’s Branch, District Revenue Accounts Branch, Vernacular Records Room Branch, Copying Agency, Registration Branch and Rehabilitation Branch. Most of the work relating to land revenue administration is carried on in Sadr Kanungo’s Branch. The District Revenue Accounts Branch is under the charge of an Office Assistant Known as the District Revenue Assistant (D.R.A.).

(iii) In his capacity as District Magistrate, the Deputy Commissioner is primarily responsible for the maintenance of law and order in the district. For this purpose, the district police force receives orders from him. He is the head of the criminal administration of the district. While the internal departmental control of the police force vests in the Superintendent of Police, the deployment and use of police force in the district is subject to the overall control and direction of the District Magistrate.

Besides his above mentioned duties as Deputy Commissioner, Collector and District Magistrate, the Deputy Commissioner plays an important role as Deputy Custodian. His duties as Deputy Custodian are: revision against the orders of Tahsildars and officer-in-charge, Rural, regarding allotment of land and houses in rural areas, revision against the orders of the District Rent Officer regarding allotment of houses and shops in urban areas; and disposal of cases received from the Assistant Custodian (Judicial) regarding evacuee property.

The Deputy Commissioner is the executive head of the civil administration and all departments in the district, which otherwise have their own officers, look to him for guidance and coordination. He plays an important role in the administration of municipal committees, market committees, panchayats, panchayat samitis, community development blocks and the zila Parishad which came into existence with the decentralization of authority and expansion of the Panchayati Raj. He is also responsible for the execution of rural development schemes under the Community Development Programme.

The Deputy Commissioner also exercises various residuary powers. He is responsible for the peaceful conduct of all elections held in the district from time to time. The decennial census operations also call for his active help and participation. He maintains general control over the administration of supply and distribution of controlled articles. He is concerned with the rehabilitation of displaced persons and famine relief. In short, nothing of importance takes place in the district with which the Deputy Commissioner has not been acquainted with.

Sub Divisional Officers (Civil). –The Sub Divisional Officer (Civil) is the executive head of a subdivision. He is either a junior member of the Indian Administrative Service or a member of the State Civil Service who has extensive experience in subordinate positions. He is a District Magistrate in miniature and performs the same kind of works as the later. Since he has to work under the direct supervision and control of District Magistrate, the burden of his responsibility is far less heavy.

The Sub Divisional Officer exercises direct control over the Tahsildar and his staff in his respective subdivision. The normal channel of correspondence between the Deputy Commissioner and the Tahsildar in a subdivision is the Sub Divisional Officer.

The powers and responsibilities of the Sub Divisional Officer relating to revenue, magisterial, executive and developmental matters run at parallel lines with those of the Deputy Commissioner but at a lower level. His revenue duties include supervision and inspection of all matters from assessment to collection and the work of all officials concerned with the coordination of work in the departments of revenue, agriculture, veterinary and public health within the subdivision.

His magisterial duties are: liaison with the police in the subdivision; watch over the relations between various communities and classes; special precautions and auction in emergencies especially connected with festivals; and recommendations to District Magistrate about grant of arm licences. He also has ample powers under the Criminal Procedure Code, the Police Rules and other laws to exercise effective supervision over the law and order situation in his area.

In his executive capacity, the Sub Divisional Officer can call for any of the records and registers dealing with the crimes from the police stations and ask officers, incharge of police stations, to come to him to explain matters. He can bind over anti-social elements. He commands closer contact with the police and more intimate association with local bodies and market committees.

He also plays an important role in the successful implementation of the Community Development Programme. He receives all sorts of co-operation and help from other government officials in the subdivision for the smooth running of administration. On important policy matters, he is required to route the matters through the Deputy Commissioner.

Tahsildars and Naib-Tahsildars. –The Officer incharge of a tahsil is called Tahsildar. He is primarily a revenue officer, and is responsible for the collection of land revenue and other dues payable to the government. Consequently, he has to tour extensively to keep in touch with subordinate revenue officials, to observe the seasonal conditions and condition of crops; to take note of the difficulties of the cultivators and to distribute taccavi loans. He decides important matters like correction of entries in the account books, providing relief to the people faced with natural calamities, etc. on the spot. After his return to the head-quarters, he prepares reports and recommends remission of revenue, brings the records up-to-date, sits in the court to settle disputes regarding tenancy, arrears of rent, ejectment of tenants, entries in account books, etc.

There is no substantial difference between the duties of the Tahsildars and the Naib-Tahsildars excepting that whereas the Tahsildars have been invested with the powers of Assistant Collector Class I under the Punjab Land Revenue Act, 1887, with regard to the partition cases only, the Naib-Tahsildars are the Assistant Collectors Class II for the purposes. With regard to criminal powers also they differ. The Tahsildars are normally Magistrates Class II, whereas the Naib-Tahsildars are Magistrates Class III.

The Tahsildars and Naib-Tahsildars in the district are assisted by a Sadr Kanungo, who is incharge of the records at the district headquarters, 4 office Kanungos (one each at tahsil headquarters), 18 Field Kaunngos (6 at Hoshiarpur, 6 at Dasuya, 4 at Garhshankar and 2 at Balachaur) and 371 Patwaris.

Kanungos and Patwaris. – The word ‘Kanungo’ literally means the expounder of law. In practice, he is supervisor over the Patwaris. He is the only important link between the Tahsildar and the Patwari. Each Tahsildar is assisted by an Office Kanungo whose main duty is to consolidate the information on different matters. Similarly, in the Deputy Commissioner’s Office, there is a Sadr Kanungo who inter-alia is in charge of Patwaris and Kanungos’ establishments and carries out inspections of patwar circles and Kanungos in addition to those by Tahsildars. Special Kanungo or Patwari Moharir makes the information, contained in revenue records, accessible to the litigating public and to the courts, by preparing extracts from the revenue records. Special Kanungo assists the courts of law in the examination of revenue records by giving evidence and by putting the records before the court and by drawing a attention to those pars of the records which the court ought to examine.

Whereas the Deputy Commissioner is regarded as the pivot of the district administration, the Patwari is the representative of Government at the village level. Up to 1906, he was paid by the village itself, but now he is a salaried Government employee. He has usually one or two villages in his charge. His local knowledge is so extensive that there is hardly any information about the village and its occupants which he does not know or cannot guess. As such he is viewed as the eyes and ears of the Collector.

The duties of Patwari include conducting of surveys, field inspections, recording of crops, revision of maps or reports relating to mutations, partitions, revenue or rents, taccavi, etc. Under the orders of the Collector, he prepares the records of rights. He is also required to assist in the relief of agricultural distress or census operations. He reports the crimes and prepares maps to illustrate police inquiries. His special duty is the preparation of dhal bachh 9papers regarding distribution of revenue over holdings).

Lambardars. –Lambardar is the most important functionary in the village. His main function is to keep watch over the law and order situation in his area and report the matter to the nearest police station in case of breach of law. It is also his duty to collect the revenue due to government from various sources and to remit those in to treasury. He is given 5 per cent of land revenue collection which is called pachotra. He is the custodian of all government properties in the village. He also reports to the Tahsildar about the deaths of assignees and pensioners and their absence for over a year. Above all, he is the representative of Government in the village. He is assisted by a village Chowkidar, who keeps a watch over the village at night.

(c) Development Organization

In order to assist the rural society to transform its backward social and economic conditions by dint of hard work and spirit of co-operation, the Community Development Programme was launched in the State on October 2, 1952. Introduced with a view to enlisting popular participation in the implementation of the development programme in the blocks, it aimed at mobilizing public enthusiasm and co-operation and raising the standard of living of the rural India.

The district is divided into 11 development blocks, viz. Hoshiarpur 1,Hoshiarpur II, Bhunga, Tanda, Dasuya, Mukerian, Talwara, Mahalpur, Garhshankar, Balachaur and Saroya. Each block is under the control of a Block Development and Panchayat Officer, who is under the administrative control of the Chairman of the respective Block Samiti, Sub Divisional Officer (Civil) of the respective subdivision and the District Development and Panchayat Officer at the district level, besides being under the overall control of the Deputy Commissioner.

The Block Development and Panchayat Officer is responsible for the successful implementation of development schemes in his block. He also guides and supervises the work of the other departments in his block. He is assisted by a Social Education and Panchat Officer, a Mukhya Sevika, an Overseer (popularily known as Extension Officer), a number of Gram Sevaks and Gram Sevikas, besides ministerial Class III and Class IV staff. Besides, he has also a number of Extension Officers belonging to Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Co-operation and Industries departments, who assist and advise him in their respective spheres. This was done after the introduction of the Panchayati Raj in the State so as to coordinate the activities of various nation building department.

(d) General Arrangement for Disposal of Business

In addition to the Sub Divisional Officers (Civil), Tahsildars and Block Development and Panchayat Officers, the Deputy Commissioner, Hoshiarpur is assisted by a General Assistant, a District Officer, Removal of Grievances, a District Transport Officer, a District Development and Panchayat Officer, Executive Magistrates, an Official Receiver, Oath Commissioners, and a District Attorney.

General Assistant. –The General Assistant is an executive officer under the Deputy Commissioner and assists the latter in all his executive and administrative functions. As such, he is the principal administrative officer and attends to routine correspondence, attestation, complaints, etc. He does little touring as he has to keep a vigilant eye on the district office. Almost all the important branches of the office of the Deputy Commissioner are under his supervision. He is competent to correspond with the Government and other departments in routine matters. He is Magistrate Class I, but since the separation of the judiciary from the executive on October 2, 1964, he tries only security cases.

District Officer, Removal of Grievances. –He is a Senior Magistrate or an Officer of equivalent status. He redresses the grievances of the public in the district and expedites action on the complaints received by him relating to all the departments. He also acts as Co-ordinating officer in the disposal of the complaints of the public.

District Transport Officer. –The District Transport Officer is a Senior Magistrate or an officer of equivalent status. He is the registering authority (motors)and the licensing officer in the district. His duties and functions comprise traffic checking, survey of routes, etc.

The District Transport Officer is also the Civil Defence Officer in the district. He has multifarious duties to perform at the time of aggression/conflict or war. He is responsible for the defence of the civilian population, maintenance of fire-fighting equipment, proper functioning of sirens, digging of trenches, first-aid, extension of hospital facilities, electricity and water facilities, etc. He also maintains liaison with the local, military and other authorities and holds periodical meetings of all the officers and organizations concerned with civil defence.

The Deputy Commissioner is the Civil Defence Controller of the district.

District Development and Panchayat Officer. –The District Development and Panchayat Officer coordinates the activities of all the development departments in the district. The Development Branch of the Deputy Commissioner’s Office, which deals with the development programmes and agricultural production, functions under his supervision. All the Block Development and Panchayat Officers in the district are under his control and he is required to see that the Community Development Programme is implemented in right earnest.

Executive Magistrates. – There are 7 Executive Magistrates in the district: 4 in Hoshiarpur, 1 in Dasuya, 1 in Garhshankar and 1 in Balachaur. Since the separation of judiciary from executive, the Executive Magistrates help the District Magistrates in the maintenance of law and order. The Executive Magistrates also deal with security/revenue cases. They are also responsible for criminal work of the various police stations falling in their respective jurisdiction.

Registration. –Registration is compulsory for instruments of gift of immovable property, other non-testamentary instruments affecting the disposal of property upto a specific value and above, and basis of immovable property for any term exceeding one year. The deputy Commissioner is the Registrar and in that capacity, he is responsible for registration work in the district. IN the Hoshiarpur District, the Registrar is assisted by 4 Tahsildars as Sub-Registrars, one each in the four tahsils of Hoshiarpur, Dasuya, Garhshankar and Balachaur. The Naib-Tahsildar in a tahsil is the ex-officio Joint Sub-Registrars, and he undertakes the registration work only when the regular Sub-Registrar is on leave or away from the headquarters. The Sub-Registrar and the Joint Sub-Registrar do registration work in addition to their own duties for which they get monthly honorarium.

The Sub-Registrar registers the documents pertaining to the properties situated in his jurisdiction. The Registrar is, however, empowered to register any document from any tahsil of his district. He hears appeals and applications, referred to him under sections 72 and 73 of the Indian Registration Act. 1908, against refusal to register documents by the Sub-Registrars under him.

A Head Registration Clerk assists the Registrar at the district headquarters, and Clerks/Readers assist the Sub-Registrars/Joint Sub-Registrars in the tahsils in performing the registration work.

Official Receiver. – At the district headquarters, there is an Official Receiver who is appointed by the Government on the recommendations of the District and Sessions Judge. He is incharge of insolvency estates. In case a person applies for insolvency, his property is put under his charge. He disposes it of according to the orders of the Insolvency Court, keeping 7½ per cent of sale proceeds as his remuneration. He also acts as a Court Auctioneer and gets 4 per cent commission on auction proceeds.

Oath Commissioners. –There are 14 Oath Commissioners in the districts 6 at Hoshiarpur, 4 a Dasuya, and 4 at Garhshankar. There is no Oath Commissioner at Balachaur. They charge Re 1 as attestation fee for an affidavit.

District Attorney. –Formerly designated as Public Prosecutor/Government Pleader, the District Attorney is appointed by the Home Secretary to the Government, Punjab, on the recommendations of the Legal Remembrancer. He represents the Government cases in the court of the District and Sessions Judge. He is under the administrative control of the Director, Prosecution, Litigation and Joint Secretary to Government, Punjab. He is assisted by Assistant District Attorneys, besides ministerial staff.

(e) District Committees

The following District Committees have been constituted in order to accelerate the disposal of business. Their meetings are held at the district headquarters under the chairmanship of the Minister/Commissioner/Deputy Commissioner: -

1. District Agricultural Production Committee

2. District Public Grievances Committee

3. District Committee on Employment

4. District Industrial Advisory Committee

5. District Food Advisory Committee

6. District Drug Advisory Committee

7. District Hospital Advisory Committee

8. District Citizens’ Council

9. District Land Improvement Committee

10. District Planning Committee

11. District Child Welfare Council

12. House Allotment Committee

13. Relief Fund Committee

14. District Advisory Committee

(f) State and Central Government Officers

The followings State and Central Government Officers are posted in the district: -

State Government Officers

1. Deputy Commissioner, Hoshiarpur

2. General Assistant to the Deputy Commissioner, Hoshiarpur

3. District Officer, Removal of Grievances, Hoshiarpur

4. Executive Magistrate, Hoshiarpur District (Seven)

5. District Development and Panchayat Officer, Hoshiarpur

6. District Transport Officer, Hoshiarpur

7. Sub Divisional Officer (Civil), Hoshiarpur

8. Sub Divisional Officer (Civil), Dasuya

9. Sub Divisional Officer (Civil), Garhshankar

10. Tahsildar, Dasuya

11. Tahsildar, Dasuya

12. Tahsildar, Garhshankar

13. Tahsildar, Balachaur

14. Tahsildar Election, Hoshiarpur

15. Tahsildar Sales, Hoshiarpur

16. District and Sessions Judge, Hoshiarpur

17. Senior Sub-Judge, Hoshiarpur

18. Chief Judicial Magistrate, Hoshiarpur

19. Judicial Magistrates Class I, Hoshiarpur (Five)

20. District Attorney, Hoshiarpur

21. Superintendent of Police, Hoshiarpur

22. District Commander, Punjab Home Guards, Hoshiarpur

23. Commander, N.C.C., 10^th Battalion, Hoshiarpur

24. District Manager, Civil Supplies Corporation Ltd., Hoshiarpur

25. District Manager, Marketing Federation Ltd., Hoshiarpur

26. Assistant Registrar, Co-operative Societies, Hoshiarpur

27. Assistant Registrar, Co-operative Societies, Garhshankar

28. Project Officer (Industries), Hoshiarpur

29. District Animal Husbandry Officer, Hoshiarpur

30. District Horticultural Officer, Hoshiarpur

31. Superintending Engineer, P.W.D. (Public Health), Hoshiarpur

32. Superintendent Engineer, Hoshiarpur Construction Circle, P.W.D., B & R, Hoshiarpur

33. Superintending Engineer, Shah Nahar Circle, Talwara

34. Executive Engineer, Public Health Division (I), Hoshiarpur

35. Executive Engineer, Public Health Division (II), Hoshiarpur

36. Executive Engineer, P.W.D., Public Health Division, Mahalpur

37. Executive Engineer, P.W.D., Public Health Division, Dasuya

38. Executive Engineer, Provincial Division, P.W.D., B & R, Hoshiarpur

39. Executive Engineer, Construction Division, P.W.D., B & R, Hoshiarpur

40. Executive Engineer, Shah Nahar Civil Division, Talwara

41. Executive Engineer, Shah Nahar Mechanical Division, Talwara

42. Executive Engineer, Investigation Division, Talwara

43. Executive Engineer, Investigation Division, Hoshiarpur

44. Executive Engineer, Tubewell Construction Division, Hoshiarpur

45. Executive Engineer, Rural Investigation Division, Hoshiarpur

46. Secretary, Zila Sainik Board, Hoshiarpur

47. Secretary, Zila Parishad, Hoshiarpur

48. Labour-cum-Conciliation Officer, Hoshiarpur

49. District Statistical Officer, Hoshiarpur

50. District Language Officer, Hoshiarpur

51. Settlement Officer (Sales), Hoshiarpur

52. Chairman, Hoshiarpur Improvement Trust, Hoshiarpur

53. District Welfare Officer, Hoshiarpur

54. District Sports Officer, Hoshiarpur

55. Superintendent, Sub-Jail, Hoshiarpur

56. District Food and Supplies Controller, Hoshiarpur

57. General Manager, Punjab Roadways, Hoshiarpur

58. District Probation Officer, Hoshiarpur

59. District Public Relations Officer, Hoshiarpur

60. District Education Officer, Hoshiarpur

61. Treasury Officer, Hoshiarpur

62. Chief Agricultural Officer, Hoshiarpur

63. Civil Surgeon, Hoshiarpur

64. District Employment Officer, Hoshiarpur

65. Excise and Taxation Officer, Hoshiarpur

66. District Soil Conservation Officer, Hoshiarpur

67. Division Forest Officer, Hoshiarpur Division, Hoshiarpur

68. Divisional Forest Officer, Research Institute, Hoshiarpur

69. Project Officer, Marginal Farmers’ & Agricultural Labour Agency Hoshiarpur

70. District Savings Officer, Hoshiarpur

Central Government Officers

1. Superintendent of Post Offices, Hoshiarpur

2. Executive Engineer, Central Works Division, P.W.D., B & R Branch, Hoshiarpur

3. Income Tax Officer, Hoshiarpur

4. Central Intelligence Officer Hoshiarpur

CHAPTER XI

REVENUE ADMINISTRATION

(a)	Land Revenue Administration
(b)	Land Reforms
(c)	Other Sources of Revenue, State and Central
	(i) Other Sources of State Revenue
	(ii) Central Sources of Revenue

(a) Land Revenue Administration

Revenue System under Emperor Akbar (1556-1605). –The land revenue is a modern equivalent of share of produce taken by the rulers in India from time immemorial. Many rulers took from one-twelfth to one sixth of the gross produce. In times of emergency or war as much as one-fourth was taken. Under the Muslim rule, the share taken increased and finally crystallized under Emperor Akbar into one-third. Akbar’s revenue system was the work of Raja Todar Mal, a Khatri of Lahore, who was made Prime Minister in 1582. His assessment superseded that of his former superior, Muzaffar Khan. The State’s share was commuted into cash on the basis of average of 10 years prices. An elaborate land record system was evolved and an army of officials employed to survey the land for assessment and collection of land revenue. This system continued for nearly a century. As such under Mughals, a fairly definite revenue system was enforced with a regular cash assessment based on a division of the tract into mahals or parganas and tappas or talukas.

In the Ain-i-Akbari, composed by Sheikh Abdul Fazl, the division of the empire into provinces (subahs), divisions (sarkars) and mahals (corresponding to the modern parganas), is given as it stood about 1590 A.D. Owing to the distributed state of the country during the second half of the eighteenth century accompanied by the Sikh feudal system when some sort of order was restored, by the division of the country in talukas the pargana system became quite obsolete, and consequently no help is to be got from the present state of things in any attempt made to show the original organization. The Sarkar of Bist Jullundur is said to have contained 60 mahals, and seems to have comprised the whole of the Jullundur and Hoshiarpur District, part of Kangra with Suket and Mandi and other hill tracts (Himachal Pradesh). It belonged to the Subah of Lahore. Of these mahals 36 appear to belong to the Hoshiarpur District. Out of 36 mahals, the area of 34 amounted to 18,53,447 bighas or 7,58,405 acres. The land revenue on these accounted to about Rs 16,79,500, that is at the rate of 40 dams to the rupee¹.

¹Hoshiarpur District Gazetteer, 1904 (Lahore, 1905) p. 177.

The later Mughal emperors soon dropped the cash assessments of Raja Todar Mal as unprofitable just, and leased cluster of villages to the highest bidder. Under the Sikh confederacies, even this remnant of system disappeared, and the ruler took whatever he could get. Ranjit Singh followed the same principle with a greater show of method, giving large grants of land in jagir on service tenure, and either leasing the rest of farmers or entrusting the collection of the revenue to kardars, who paid him as little as they dared.

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