Washer men:
They form an important occupational
class. There are a good number of dry
cleaning shops in the urban areas. This
profession is becoming very popular in the towns. Their charges vary from Rs. 7.00 to Rs. 10.00 for the dry
cleaning of a woolen suit.
Washermen
mostly live in towns or in their suburbs.
Their business has been adversely affected by laundries. The charges of the laundrymen are higher but
their services are more prompt and efficient than those of the washermen, and
pressing is done at the shops. The
average rates charged by the washermen are Rs. 0.75 to 1.50 per clothe.
According
to the 1971 Census, the total number of launderers, dry cleaners and pressers
in the district was 165.
Tailors:
The
old practice of the tailors stitching at the houses of their customers on the
occasions of marriage is still in vogue, to some extent, in the rural areas of
the district. But in the urban areas,
the customers usually go to the tailor’s shop for stitching work. Previously, in the rural areas, the tailors
were paid stitching charges in kind, but nowadays, like urban tailors, they are
mostly paid in cash. Most of the
tailors have their own sewing machines and work independently. There are also some major tailoring
concerns, which get the work done on commission basis. Some women also do tailoring work in their
houses to supplement their family income.
According
to the 1971 Census, the total number of tailors, cutters, furriers and related
workers in the district was 1,020 (960 males and 60 females).
Carpenters:
In the urban areas, the carpenters
make and repair wooden structures, doors, windows, chairs and other building
fixtures. In the rural areas, they make
ploughs, bullock carts, agricultural implements
nd other domestic articles.
According
to the 1971 Census, the total number of carpenters, joiners, cabinet makers,
coopers and related workers in the district was 1,041.
Cobblers:
The cobblers or mochis repair
old and worn-out foot wears. The experienced
cobblers make complete foot wears like shoes, chappals and sandals. Their business in the district has been
adversely affected in recent times with the availability of mechanized foot
wears manufactured in large factories.
As
per 1971 Census, the total number of shoemakers and shoe repairers in the
district was 609 (605 males and 4 females).
Self-employed Persons:
These services include persons like
weavers, shoemakers, potters, sweepers, handcard-pullers, porters at railway
stations and bus stands, vendors, etc.
They are spread all over the district.
Domestic Services:
Only well-to-do persons both in
urban and rural areas employ domestic servants. With the development of industries, most of these prefer to get
employment in factories, concerns, etc.
The wages of domestic servants in whole time employment vary from Rs 50
to 80 per month, in addition to food, clothing and shelter. In the urban areas,
fem ale domes tic servants are also employed for whole time or part-time by
businessmen and other well-to-do persons. Generally poor women adopt this
profession for supplementing their family income. They wash clothes, sweep
houses, clean utensils, cook food and do some other jobs. Such part-time
females servants are paid Rs 25 to 40 per month, in addition to other sundry
facilities provided by their employers.
According
to the 1971 Census, the total number of houses keepers, cooks, maids and
related workers in the district was 1,831 (1,769 males and 62 females)
Transport Services:
There are a good number of persons engaged in transport, storage
and communication services in the district. Their number, according to the 1971
Census, was 2,872; besides, there are a good number of rickshaw-pullers, Tonga
drivers, truck drivers, tempo drivers etc., in the district. The number of
rickshaw-puller in the district according to the 1971 Census was 415.
CHAPTER IX
ECONOMIC TRENDS
The economic stability and progress
of a district are reflected by the economic trends, which indicate its economic
condition. The dynamic and progressive trends are instrumental in bringing
about significant and fundamental changes in the entire economic structure of a
district.
(a) Livelihood
Pattern and the General Level of Prices and Wages
Livelihood Pattern:
The district of Kapurthala is the
smallest of the 12 districts of the State and comprises 3 subdivisions/tehsils,
viz. Kapurthala, Sultanpur to the territory lying between the rivers Satluj and
Beas. This is the only district in the State, which is split up in two parts—32
km apart. This unique geographical position of the district has greatly
affected the economic life of its inhabitants.
According
to the 1971 Census, 27.8 per cent of the total population of the district is
engaged in different economic pursuits, meaning thereby that three persons are
dependent upon one worker for their livelihood. Out of the total working force
of the district, 61.8 per cent are engaged in agriculture including livestock
keeping, forestry, etc., 14.5 percent in industry, 7.8 percent in trade, 2.4
percent in transport 1.6 percent in construction and 11.9 percent in other
services.
The
classification of workers in the Kapurthala
District, according to 1971 Census, is as follows :
Classification of Workers in the Kapurthala District according to the 1971 Census
|
|
Classification
of workers according to their profession |
Number of
persons according to the 1971 Census |
||||||
|
Rural |
Urban |
Total |
||||||
|
Males |
Females |
Males |
Females |
Males |
Females |
Persons |
||
|
1 |
Cultivators |
53,385 |
91 |
1,491 |
15 |
54,876 |
106 |
54,982 |
|
2 |
Agricultural laborers |
17.357 |
132 |
858 |
9 |
18,215 |
141 |
18,356 |
|
3 |
Livestock-keeping, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting, Plantations, Orchards, and allied activities |
313 |
12 |
153 |
3 |
466 |
15 |
481 |
|
4 |
Mining and Quarrying |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
1 |
|
5 |
Manufacturing, Processing, Servicing and Repairs: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(a) Household industry |
1,916 |
42 |
392 |
28 |
2,308 |
70 |
2,378 |
|
|
(b) Manufacturing other than household industry |
4,808 |
49 |
9,866 |
172 |
14,674 |
221 |
14,895 |
|
6 |
Construction |
1,255 |
3 |
616 |
1 |
1,871 |
4 |
1,875 |
|
7 |
Trade and Commerce |
2,904 |
12 |
6,403 |
38 |
9,307 |
50 |
9,357 |
|
8 |
Transport, Storage and Communications |
1,150 |
5 |
1,689 |
28 |
2,839 |
33 |
2,872 |
|
9 |
Other Services |
7,234 |
430 |
5,335 |
1,117 |
12,569 |
1,547 |
14,116 |
|
|
Total Workers |
90,323 |
776 |
26,803 |
1,411 |
1,17,126 |
2,187 |
1,19,313 |
|
10 |
Non-workers |
82,841 |
1,55,904 |
27,364 |
44,092 |
1,10,205 |
1,99,996 |
3,10,201 |
|
|
Total Population |
1,73,164 |
1,56,680 |
54,167 |
45,503 |
2,27,331 |
2,02,183 |
4,29,514 |
(Census of 1971, Series 17 - Punjab parts X-A & B Kapurthala District
Census Handbook, 00. 78—81)
The
above table indicates that of the total population of the district numbering
4,29,514; 1,19,313 were engaged in various types of economic activities,
whereas the number of non-workers was 3,10,201. The ratio of workers and 71.1
for the State.
As
per 1971 Census, the total number of
households in the district was 69,445 (rural 52,610 and urban 16,835).
The number of persons per household was 6.04. The break-up of the households,
classified by number of members and by the number of rooms, is given in
Appendix I. on page 187.
Prices
and Wages:
With a view to assessing the
economic condition of the people of a particular region, the comparative and
analytical study of prices and wages is of utmost necessity. Besides, factors
like population increase, condition of production, inflation, variations in
gold and silver prices, etc. also determine the economy. The purchasing power
of an Indian rupee has considerably decreased since the beginning of the 20th
century. The labour wages also rose far in excess of the cost of production.
The World War I. (1914—18) had a positive effect on the wages of labour, which
rose more rapidly than the cost of production. The War was followed by an
economic depression in the twenties and it brought about slump in the market as
well as downward trends in the prices of agricultural produce, thereby,
resulting in unemployment on a large scale. During the decade 1921—31, there
was economic depression most probably due to the after-effects of the previous
decade, which was marked by adverse economic circumstances on a previous
decade, which was marked by adverse economic circumstances on an unprecedented
scale. As in other parts of the State, Kapurthala and its adjoining areas were
adversely affected by these depressions as well as by the outbreak of the World
War II in 1939. All this resulted in prices rise of all goods. The Chinese
aggression in 1962 and Indo-Pakistan Conflicts of 1965 and 1971 were
responsible for rise in prices. Although the Five-Year Plans have been
effective in checking prices, other factors have hampered the check in prices
rise thereby resulting in inflation. The main objectives of the Sixth Five-Year
Plan have been to check inflation and to bring down prices of essential
commodities.
The
table below indicates the consumer price index for the working class in
Phagwara town for the period 1970-71 to 1979-80:
(Base 1966 = 100)
|
Year |
1970-71 |
1971-72 |
1972-73 |
1973-74 |
1974-75 |
1975-76 |
1976-77 |
1977-78 |
1978-79 |
1979-80 |
|
Index |
133 |
137 |
149 |
168 |
212 |
206 |
203 |
221 |
229 |
245 |
(Statistical Abstract of Punjab,
1982)
The index number of the retail prices given above for the last ten years indicates trend of the prevailing prices. The table below indicates the fluctuating trend in the prices of the main agricultural commodities in the district, during 1976-77 to 1981-82:
|
Sl.No. |
Name of agricultural commodity |
Prices per
Quintal |
|||||
|
1976-77 |
1977-78 |
1978-79 |
1979-80 |
1980-81 |
1981-82 |
||
|
1 |
Wheat |
116.25 |
113.50 |
117.75 |
124.50 |
136.50 |
139.60 |
|
2 |
Barley |
62.00 |
85.75 |
73.00 |
85.00 |
.. |
.. |
|
3 |
Maize |
98.50 |
110.75 |
99.10 |
116.60 |
136.00 |
156.25 |
|
4 |
Gur |
188.55 |
131.00 |
107.50 |
184.60 |
301.60 |
306.65 |
(Source: District Statistical Officer, Kapurthala )
Of
all the labour problems, that of wages is the most complex. During early days,
the wages of the agricultural and indusial labour were determined by custom and
tradition. Now these are determined by the Governments’ industrial policy
formulated in the light of natural resources, availability of labour level is
influenced mainly by price variations on account of fiscal policies and other
subsidiary factors like rise in demand, shortage of goods, insufficient
production, etc. Labour welfare is another allied subject. When compared with
welfare measures that assure better living conditions in respect of health,
safety, housing, education, recreation, social security, etc. he guarantee of
reasonable remuneration provides the firmest basis basis for harmonious
industrial relations and, therefore, for the economic development and
prosperity of the country. The payment of satisfactory wage ensures the
co-operation of labour and enables the workers to take his place as partner in
the programme of national development, where the significance of his job has
long been accepted.
The
wages paid to agricultural and skilled
laborers (men) are paid in cash and the details regarding these are given in
Chapter XI ‘Revenue Administration’.
The
rates of pay fixed for menials and other inferior Government servants per
day/month, in the Kapurthala District, during 1981-82, are given in Appendix II
on page.....
Standard of Living:
The economic prosperity of a region
determines the standard of living of the people in a district. The amount of necessaries, comforts and
luxuries availed of by a consumer indicates his living standard and all these
factors vary from place to place, time to time, and individual to individual.
One
of the most scientific methods to find out the living standard of people in a
district is to survey the income and expenditure of various people engaged in
different types of trades and professions.
The size and composition of the family, its tastes and preferences also
determine the standard of living.
Besides, the economic statistics of a district, in monetary terms, in
relation to price-level fluctuations are also a method to calculate standard of
living.
The
Economic and Statistical Organization, Punjab, conducts surveys, from time to
time, to find out the living standard of the people in various districts
of Punjab. The district-wise figures regarding the income per head for the
year 1980-81 are given below:
|
Serial No. |
District |
Income per head (In rupees) |
|
1 |
Gurdaspur |
2,105 |
|
2 |
Amritsar |
2,773 |
|
3 |
Kapurthala |
3,227 |
|
4 |
Jalandhar |
2,694 |
|
5 |
Hoshiarpur |
2,375 |
|
6 |
Rupnagar |
2,543 |
|
7 |
Ludhiana |
3,249 |
|
8 |
Firozepur |
2,820 |
|
9 |
Faridkot |
2,855 |
|
10 |
Bathinda |
2,655 |
|
11 |
Sangrur |
2,877 |
|
12 |
Patiala |
3,103 |
|
|
Total Punjab State |
2,768 |
(Source: Economic and Statistical Advisor to Government, Punjab, Chandigarh)
Thus in 1980-81, the per capaita income
of the district at the then current prices was Rs. 3,227, as compared to Rs.
2,768. of the Punjab State as a whole.
The district ranked second in the State and next to Ludhiana District. It is an indication of the better living
standard of the people in the district.
A
survey was also conducted by this Department regarding the family budgets of
thirty-nine cultivators in the State during the year 1979-80. Its aim was to find out the returns accruing
to the farmers for their work on the holdings. Two families of villages, viz. Dolley (tehsil Sultanpur Lodhi ),
and Nangal Khera (tehsil Phagwara) in the Kapurthala District were included in
the survey.
The
findings of the survey pertaining to the income and expenditure are shown in
the following table:-
|
Name of the family/village |
Net income from all sources (Rs.) |
Net expenditure (Rs.) |
Surplus/deficit (Rs.) |
|
Dolley |
7,028.60 |
10,702.46 |
(-) 3,673.86 |
|
Nangal Khera |
32,189.40 |
16,519.49 |
(+) 15,669.91 |
The above figures show that one of these families in the district has surplus budget. The survey-indicates that on an average, a peasant proprietor’s family in the Punjab spent 56 per cent on food, 11 per cent on clothing, 16 per cent on housing, 7 per cent on fuel, 2 per cent on traveling, 1 per cent on amusements and luxuries, and 7 per cent on other items.
The
goods consumed by the families in these villages were as under :
|
Name of the family/village |
Total expenditure (Rs.) |
Supplied by the farm (Rs.) |
Percentage |
Purchased from outside (Rs.) |
Percentage |
|
Dolley |
10,702.46 |
6,015.66 |
56 |
4,686.80 |
44 |
|
Nangal Khera |
16,519.49 |
8,124.99 |
49 |
8,394.50 |
51 |
The development of employment situation in the Kapurthala District is in accordance with the general pattern in the State and in the country as a whole. the number of unemployed persons registered with the Employment Exchange, Kapurthala, has been on the increase.
In the district, there is a surplus
of fresh matriculates, graduates, post-graduates, general teachers and
labourers. On the other hand, there is
an acute shortage of engineers, trainees of the industrial training institutes,
typists, stenographers, accountants, Hindi, Science and Mathematics teachers,
and skilled labourers.
Employment Exchange:
There are two Employment Exchanges
in the district, one at Kapurthala and the other at Phagwara. The District Employment Exchange, Kapurthala,
was opened in 1962. The Town Employment
Exchange, Phagwara, was opened in 1974. The main functions of the Employment
Exchange are: to register applicants and to offer employment assistance to
impart vocational guidance to the youths and adults to select a better career,
to collect employment market information to assess the employment trends and
impact of Government schemes on employment situation; and to collect employment
statistics for the Indian Planning Commission.
The statements showing the work done by the District Employment
Exchange, Kapurthala, and the Town Ex Exchange, Phagwara, are given in
Appendices III and IV on pages 190-191.
The
number of unemployed persons aged 15 and above by sex and educational levels
both in the urban and rural areas of the Kapurthala District, as per 1961
Census, is given below :
Unemployment
in the urban areas by sex and educational levels
|
|
Total Unemployed |
||
|
|
Persons |
Males |
Females |
|
Total |
587 |
558 |
29 |
|
Illiterate |
116 |
114 |
2 |
|
Literate (without educational level |
44 |
43 |
1 |
|
Primary or Junior Basic |
170 |
166 |
4 |
|
Matriculation or Higher Secondary |
211 |
196 |
15 |
|
Technical diploma not equal to a degree |
1 |
1 |
- |
|
Non-technical diploma not equal to a degree |
7 |
5 |
2 |
|
University degree or post-graduate degree other than a technical degree |
32 |
31 |
1 |
|
Technical degree or diploma equal to a degree |
6 |
2 |
4 |
|
(i) Engineering |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
(ii) Medicine |
- |
- |
- |
|
(iii) Agriculture |
- |
- |
- |
|
(iv) Veterinary and Dairying |
- |
- |
- |
|
(v) Technology |
- |
- |
- |
|
(vi) Teaching |
5 |
1 |
4 |
|
(vii) Others |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employment in the rural areas by sex and educational levels |
|||
|
Total |
603 |
602 |
1 |
|
Illiterate |
153 |
153 |
- |
|
literate (without educational level) |
47 |
47 |
- |
|
Primary or Junior Basic |
193 |
193 |
- |
|
Matriculation and above |
210 |
209 |
1 |
(Census of India 1961, Punjab
District Census Handbook No. 15 Kapurthala District pp. 176-77)
Employment Market Information Scheme:
Under the Second Five-Year Plan
(1956—61), this scheme was introduced with a view to collecting employment
market information as well as to ensuring that adequate manpower data is made
available to the Planning and Development Departments, authorities concerned
with technical and educational and vocational training. It is also designed to supply information to
persons seeking employment and to employers seeking suitable employees. It is a continuing process which gives an
appraisal of trends and conditions in an employment market area, supply and
demand relationship, the occupational and industrial disposition of labour
force and the type of personnel those are in short supply.
This
scheme was introduced into the State of Punjab in 1957-58. It operates under the Director of
Employment, Punjab, Chandigarh.
Previously, at the initial stage, it covered only the public sector, but
from 1960-61, its jurisdiction was extended to the private sector also.
Under
this scheme, the employment data is collected in the district from
establishments in the public sector and from those private sector
establishments (including all registered factories) employing not less than ten
persons. In respect of activities
relating to construction work, the coverage is confined to only those engaged
in contract work on public account. However,
this market information is limited to only whole time employees, part-time
employees or independent workers are not covered.
A
comparative analysis relating to the volume of employment, both in the public
and private sectors, in the district, as on 31 March 1981 and 31 March 1982, is
given below:
|
Industrial Division |
No. of establishments |
No. of employees |
||
|
31 March 1981 |
31 March 1982 |
31 March 1981 |
31 March 1982 |
|
|
Manufacturing |
96 |
97 |
11,221 |
11,810 |
|
Trade and Commerce |
49 |
52 |
1,009 |
1,095 |
|
Transport, Storage and Communication |
7 |
8 |
749 |
801 |
|
Services |
178 |
184 |
10,313 |
10,495 |
(Source: District Employment Officer, Kapurthala )
The
above table reveals that the employment increased much in manufacturing and
services as compared to other industrial divisions, i.e. trade and commerce,
transport, storage and communication.
Vocational Guidance Scheme:
A development of the twentieth
century, vocational guidance is typical of the complicated structure of modern
civilization. It was since long that
the necessity of vocational guidance was felt in India. Consequently, Shiva Rao Committee was
constituted, to give a concrete shape to this scheme, which submitted its
report on 28 April 1954. The Training
and Employment Service Organization Committee recommended multifarious
functions for the Employment Exchanges, viz. collection of employment market
information, employment counseling, occupational research and analysis, and
occupational testing. In Punjab, these
recommendations were implemented in the Second Five-Year Plan. Each District Employment Exchange,
functioning at the district headquarters, has a vocational Guidance Bureau
which functions under the supervision of an Employment counselor. The vocational guidance programme is jointly
operated by the Director of Employment Exchanges of the Union Ministry of
Labour and Employment and the States’ Directorates of Employment.
The
functions of the Vocational Guidance Bureau are: to provide vocational guidance
and employment counseling for the youths and adults in groups and individually;
to assist in the placement of the youth in institutions or training centers,
apprenticeship or entry jobs; and to follow up and review the progress of the
guided youths and adults. It also
assists in the collection and compilation of up-to-date and accurate
information on occupations, training facilities, educational courses,
employment trends and employment outlook for disseminating to adults and other
groups. Besides, the Bureau maintains a
regular and well-equipped information room for the use of applicants and
visitors seeking information, and educates the public by undertaking publicity
measures in vocational guidance principles with a view to encouraging community
consciousness.
Started
in September 1964 at Kapurthala, the vocational guidance unit is doing useful
work in the district. It has been
steadily disseminating occupational information and vocational guidance to the
deserving cases especially to the young student community. Efforts have been made to carry the
facilities to all corners of the district through career talks in educational
institutions. Career conferences are
organized to make people conscious of the need for the proper planning of
careers.
The
following table shows the work done by the Vocational Guidance Unit at
Kapurthala, during 1976-77 to 1981-82 :-
|
Year |
Number of Individuals provided for |
||
|
|
Group guidance talk |
Individual guidance cases |
Individual information |
|
1976-77 |
452 |
13 |
16 |
|
1977-78 |
601 |
80 |
613 |
|
1978-79 |
240 |
38 |
205 |
|
1979-80 |
87 |
48 |
232 |
|
1980-81 |
385 |
118 |
444 |
|
1981-82 |
427 |
75 |
607 |
(
Source: District Employment Officer, Kapurthala )
(c) Planning and Community Development
Planning:
After the Independence of country
(1947), the Government of India undertook planned-development of a countrywide
scale with a view to check the economic deterioration effectively. The Planning Department of the Government of
India was entrusted with the task of formulating Five-Year Plans. In view of the pressing food problem created
by the partition of the country due emphasis was laid on the improvement and
development of all sectors of economy, especially agricultural economy in the
First Five-Year Plan (1951-56). It
resulted in the increase in production of various agricultural
commodities. With the introduction of
modern agricultural implements and fertilizers, agriculture has been
revolutionized in the district. In the
later Plans, viz. Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, stress was also laid on the
development of medium-scale and large-scale industries. The Kapurthala District has been
considerably benefited by these plans in respect of industrial advancement. Phagwara in the district is widely known for
industrial goods.
Community
Development:
The Community Development Programme
was initiated in the country on 2 October 1952. Its main object is to secure the fullest development of the human
resources and material of the particular area of a district. The programme stands for the development of
agriculture, animal husbandry, minor irrigation, cottage Industries, education,
employment, co-operative-operation, communications, housing and social
welfare. The entire district of
Kapurthala has been brought under the Community Development Programme and has 4
blocks, viz. Kapurthala, Nadala, Phagwara and Sultanpur Lodhi. The people in the district have extended
full co-operation and have liberally made contribution towards the programme. The agriculturists have been greatly benefited
by the programme as they have been enlightened about the latest methods of
improved cultivation and agricultural practices. Besides, it has imbibed the spirit of self-help and self-reliance
amongst ruralities.
The
Community Development Programme has been effective in the development of
various fields in the district, like agriculture, animal husbandry, irrigation,
village and small industries, health and rural sanitation, social education and
communications. According to the 1971
Census, 556 inhabited villages in the district were covered under the
programme. Out of the total population
of the district numbering 5,45,249, the programme served a population of
3,77,684 according to the Census of 1981.
Sample household classification by the
number of members and by the number of rooms occupied in the Kapurthala
District, 1971
|
Rural/ Urban/ Total |
Total number of census house-holds |
Total number of members |
Total number of rooms |
House
holds with one room |
|||
|
Males |
Females |
|
Number of house-holds |
Number
of members |
|||
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
|
Total |
69,445 |
2,21,565 |
1,98,035 |
1,54,120 |
24,985 |
66,235 |
56,445 |
|
Rural |
52,610 |
1,72,385 |
1,55,285 |
1,14,270 |
18,810 |
52,220 |
45,330 |
|
Urban |
16,835 |
49,180 |
42,750 |
39,850 |
6,175 |
14,015 |
11,115 |
|
Households
with two rooms |
Households
with three rooms |
Households
with four rooms |
||||||
|
Number of house-holds |
Number of members |
Number of house-holds |
Number of members |
Number of house-holds |
Number of members |
|||
|
Males |
Females |
Males |
Females |
Males |
Females |
|||
|
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
23,895 |
76,115 |
69,445 |
10,780 |
38,995 |
35,646 |
5,345 |
20,620 |
19,000 |
|
18,625 |
60,530 |
55,280 |
8,355 |
30,715 |
28,135 |
3,925 |
15,865 |
14,530 |
|
5,270 |
15,585 |
14,165 |
2,425 |
8,280 |
7,510 |
1,420 |
4,755 |
4,470 |
|
Households
with five rooms and above |
Households
with unspecified number of rooms |
Number of households with details unspecified |
||||
|
Number of house-holds |
Males |
Females |
Number of households |
Number of members |
||
|
Males |
Females |
|||||
|
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
|
4,430 |
19,600 |
17,500 |
- |
- |
- |
10 |
|
2,885 |
13,055 |
12,010 |
- |
- |
- |
10 |
|
1,545 |
6,545 |
5,490 |
- |
- |
- |
.. |
(Census of India, 1971, Series 17—Punjab, Part IV, Housing Report and Tables, pp. 106—107)
APPENDIX II
Wage rates of
different types of laborers or inferior Government servants per day/month fixed
in the Kapurthala District during 1981-82
|
Sl. No. |
Class of servant |
Rates of pay |
|
|
Per day (Rs) |
Per month (Rs.) |
||
|
1 |
Kahar/Water Carrier (whole-time) |
7.00 |
215.00 |
|
2 |
Sweeper (whole-time) |
- |
300.00 |
|
3 |
Mason/Carpenter 1st Class |
27.00 |
465.00 |
|
4 |
Mason/Carpenter II Class |
25.00 |
390.00 |
|
5 |
Blacksmith |
22.00 |
380.00 |
|
6 |
Painter 1st Class |
22.00 |
380.00 |
|
7 |
Painter 2nd Class |
16.00 |
290.00 |
|
8 |
Khalasi (Ordinary)) |
15.00 |
275.00 |
|
9 |
Khalasi (Skilled) |
12.00 |
285.00 |
|
10 |
Bearer attached to Civil Rest House |
10.00 |
295.00 |
|
11 |
Khansama |
9.00 |
245.00 |
|
12 |
Mali (whole-time) |
9.50 |
247.00 |
|
13 |
Frash |
- |
148.00 |
|
14 |
Beldar (Adult) |
- |
145.00 |
|
15 |
Beldar (Boy) |
- |
115.00 |
|
16 |
Telephone Peon |
- |
150.00 |
|
17 |
Hospital Cook or menial in Hospital |
9.00 |
200.00 |
|
18 |
Chainman |
9.00 |
225.00 |
|
19 |
Dhobi |
11.50 |
297.00 |
|
20 |
Barber |
12.00 |
273.00 |
|
21 |
Cook (Whole-time) |
- |
300.00 |
|
22 |
Syee |
- |
193.00 |
|
23 |
Skilled Labourer |
11.00 |
- |
|
24 |
Unskilled Labourer |
11.00 |
- |
|
25 |
Women Labourer |
11.00 |
- |
|
26 |
Driver (Heavy vehicle) |
11.50 |
120.00 |
|
27 |
Driver (Pump) Generator |
11.00 |
300.00 |
|
28 |
Driver (Light vehicle) Tractor Car and Jeep |
14.00 |
- |
|
29 |
Conductor |
10.50 |
- |
|
30 |
Man with mule |
25.00 |
- |
|
31 |
Cartman with pairs of bullock |
25.00 |
- |
|
32 |
Store Coolie |
- |
185.00 |
|
33 |
Flagman |
- |
150.00 |
|
34 |
Chowkidar wholetime |
- |
300.00 |
|
35 |
White washer |
12.00 |
280.00 |
|
36 |
Pumping Driver-cum-Chowkidar |
- |
295.00 |
|
37 |
Agricultural Labour |
12.00 |
- |
|
38 |
Mate/Gangman |
12.00 |
- |
|
39 |
Boatman with Ferry man |
- |
240.00 |
|
40 |
Fitter/Turner |
16.00 to 19.00 |
- |
|
41 |
Driver for cleaning wall |
11.00 |
- |
|
42 |
Donkeyman with four donkeys |
30.00 to 35.00 |
- |
|
43 |
Hammerman |
- |
275.00 |
|
44 |
Ground Man |
- |
275.00 |
|
45 |
Bridge Jamadar |
13.00 |
- |
|
46 |
Part-time Sweeper |
- |
75.00 to 145.00 |
|
47 |
Mochi and Langari |
- |
300.00 |
|
48 |
Part-time Water Career |
- |
75.00 to 145.00 |
|
49 |
Part-time Mali |
- |
75.00 to 110.00 |
|
50 |
Sweeper-cum-Chowkidar, District Sports Officer |
- |
275 |
|
51 |
Bellowman |
- |
240 |
|
52 |
Water Carrier-cum-Angithi Burner for Income Tax Office |
- |
305 |
|
53 |
Cook Part-time |
9.00 |
185.00 |
(Source: Deputy Commissioner, Kapurthala )