(8) Guru
Nanak College, Sukhchainana Sahib, Phagwara. –Started in 1970, the college prepares students for
the Pre-University and the 3-Year Degree Course (Arts and Commerce
Groups). It brings out its magazine, The
Jagjot.
The number of students on the rolls of the college, during 1981-82, was 471.
(9) Sant
Baba Dalip Singh Memorial Khalsa College, Dumeli.
–The college was started in 1972 in the memory of Sant Baba Dalip Singh. It imparts instruction in the pre-University
(Humanities Group) and in the 3-Year Degree Course (Arts Group).
The number of students on the rolls of the college, during 1981-82, was 151.
(10) Guru Nanak Dev Bharat College, Nurur
Panchat. –Started in 1970 in the memory of
Guru Nanak, the college is situated almost halfway between Narur and Panchat
villages. The idea of education based
on universal love of mankind and service of humanity, as pronounced by the
great sage Guru Nanak, is intended to be practiced. The college insignia has the popular saying of Guru Nanak
inscribed in it which says, “Knowledge disciplines mind.” The college imparts instruction in the
Pre-University and 3-Year Degree Course (Arts Group).
The
college publishes its magazine, Dravjot. The number of students on the rolls of the college during
1981-82, was 318.
(11) Kamla Nehru College for Women, Phagwara. –Since education of women is the very backbone of an
ideal society, Phagwara Society opened Phagwara College for Women in 1965,
which was renamed as Kamla Nehru College for Women in 1975. The college prepares students for the
Pre-University (Humanities Group) and the 3-Year Degree Course (Arts
Group). These courses include the study
of music-both instrumental and vocal and also of Home Science.
Central
Association of students is formed every year.
Various societies and clubs function regularly in the college. It publishes its magazine, Sulekha.
The number of students on the rolls of the college, during 1981-82, was 653.
(12) Guru Nanak Bhai Lalo Ramgarhia College for
Women, Satnampura, Phagwara. Originally the
college was opened as a girls section of Ramgharia College, Phagwara in 1969,
in the sacred memory of Guru Nanak and his most beloved and blessed follower
Bhai Lalo. It became a full-fledged
independent college in 1970-71.
The college
imparts instruction in Pre-University (Humanities Group) and 3-Year Degree
Course (Arts Group) including Home Science.
It brings out its magazine, Giandeep.
The
number of students on the rolls of the college, during 1981-82, was 353.
(d) Professional and Technical Education
The teachers’ training colleges functioning in the district, during 1981-82, are given below:
1 Guru Nanak College of Education for
Women, Kapurthala.
2 Ramgarhia College of Education,
Satnampura, Phagwara.
Both these
college are affiliated to the Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar.
(1) Guru
Nanak College of Education for Women, Kapurthala.
–It was started in 1966 by Sri Guru Singh Sabha (Montgomery) Jalandhar City, a
registered body, now Montgomery Guru Nanak Educational Trust, Jalandhar. The college is housed in a magnificent
building which was one time a place of the royal family of the erstwhile
State. It has a hostel for the girls
situated in the college premises.
The
college imparts instruction in the Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) course which
extends over one academic year. It owns
practicing schools to give practical teachers’ training to their student
teachers. The college has a well
stocked library and a dispensary. It
has a good number of teaching aids, which the student teachers use when they go
in for block teaching practice. Once a
week, the staff and the students get together, where individual students and
teachers get an opportunity to exchange brief talks on education, religion,
morality and patriotism. Noted
educationists, scholars and professors are invited to address the students on
different subjects. Besides, weekly
seminars and tutorial groups are held.
A college magazine is published every year.
The
number of students on the rolls of the college, during 1981-82, was 150.
(2) Ramgarhia
College of Education, Satnampura, Phagwara. –Established
in 1956, this institution is run by Ramgarhia Educational Council,
Phagwara. An Arts and Crafts Teachers,
Training Diploma Course was added to the College in 1957.
The
college imparts instruction in the Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) Course which
extends over one academic year and Arts and Crafts Teachers, Training Diploma
Course, the duration of which is two years, and at the end of which the Director,
Industrial Training, and Technical Education, Punjab, conducts an examination
and awards diplomas to successful candidates.
The crafts taught in the college as curricular or extra-curricular
pursuits are wood work; clay modeling; paper cutting and spinning and
weaving. In the sphere of sports,
interclass tournaments are held every year.
Once a week the staff and the students get together in the college
assembly hall where individual students and teachers get an opportunity to
exchange brief talks on education, religion and current affairs. Noted scholars, educationists and professors
are invited to address the students on different subjects. Separate commodious hostels equipped with
all amenities exist for men and women.
The college has a well-equipped library and a reading room.
The
college publishes its magazine, Giansar.
The number of students on the rolls of the college, during
1981-82, was, 167.
To
ensure steady flow of technical personnel for meeting the industrial
activities, a Government Junior Technical School at Kapurthala and a private
diploma institution at Phagwara are functioning in the district. The Government gives financial assistance to
privately managed technical institutions.
The
Department of Industrial Training and Technical Education, Punjab ensures
uniform standards and gives merit-cum-means scholarships and interest-free
loans to poor students studying in engineering colleges or polytechnics. Book Banks have been opened for them.
In the
polytechnics and industrial training centers and institutes, students are
prepared for various levels in civil, mechanical and electrical engineering and
trained as welders, carpenters, fitters, turners, blacksmiths, stenographers,
radio and television mechanics, refrigeration mechanic, electricians, wiremen,
draftsmen etc. Girls are taught crafts
like tailoring, hand-embroidery, machine-embroidery, needle work, etc. Some centers for imparting industrial
training exclusively to students belonging to Scheduled Castes and Backward
Classes are run by the Industries Department, Punjab.
The
particulars regarding the Government Industrial Training Institutes in the
Kapurthala District have been given in chapter V, on ‘Industries’.
The
following technical institutions may be mentioned in particulars:
(1) Government Junior Technical School,
Kapurthala.
(2) Ramgarhia Polytechnic, Phagwara.
Sainik School, Kapurthala. –Established in 1961, it is a residential school which
provides public school education and prepares boys for the National Defence
Academy. The administration of the
school is vested in an autonomous board of governors under the Ministry of
Defence. It is housed in the erstwhile
place of the Maharaja of Kapurthala.
In
addition to the feeding of N.D.A., the school also prepares boys for the senior
school certificate examination of the Central Board of Secondary Education, New
Delhi. The number of students on the
rolls of the school during 1981-82 was 697.
The
main aim of the physical education is to make a child physically fit, mentally
alert and morally sound. In the
colleges, physical education is directed and guided by the Physical Directors. IN schools, it is organized under the
guidance of a Physical Training Instructor (P.T.I.).
At he
district level, the District Education Officer is assisted by an Assistant
District Education Officer for the promotion of physical education. He supervises and guides physical education
in the schools. Annual physico-medical
tests are compulsory for all students.
Besides
the above, the following schemes, under separate departments, also promote the
cause of physical education:
1 Promotion of Sports and Games by the
State Sports Department
2 National Cadet Cores
3 Bharat Scouts and Guides
(1) Promotion
of Sports and Games. –Consequent upon the
reorganization of the State in 1966, the Department of Sports was merged with
the Education Department. Since then,
it is functioning as a wing of the Education Department.
At the
district level, the department is represented by the District Sports Officer,
Kapurthala. He is assisted by 8 Sports
Officers and other miscellaneous Class III and Class IV staff. There are two sub-centres in the district,
one each at Phagwara and Sultanpur Lodhi.
The department gives promising young sportsmen the best training
facilities available.
(2) National
Cadet Corps. –It was introduced by the
Government of India in 1948. It aims to
develop character, comradeship, the ideal of service and capacity for
leadership in young men and women; to provide service training to young men and
women so as to stimulate interest among them in the defence of the country and
to built up a reserve of manpower to enable the armed forces to expand rapidly
in a national emergency. With its motto
‘Unity and Discipline, N.C.C. has been serving very useful purpose specially in
the border areas. Its training syllabus
includes military training on various subjects like drill with and without
arms, weapon training, field craft map reading, hygiene and sanitation,
organization, civil defence, first-aid, home-nursing, signal training and
social service. Besides, N.C.C. helps
in securing jobs in the Army, Police and B.S.F.
The
number of students on rolls in the National Cadet corps in the district, as on
13 March 1982, was as under:
Senior
Division Cadets 750
Junior
Division Cadets 1,300
Senior
Division Cadets 176
Junior
Division Cadets 200
(3) Bharat
Scouts and Guides. –This is the most
significant movement which inculcates and develops loyalty, patriotism, and
sense of service among the youth for the cause of the nation. The activities of this movement comprise
training camp, refresher courses, week-end camps, site seeing, hiking trips,
etc. The students are also taught
first-aid. This association teaches to
its trainees, belief, in God, character-building, discipline, co-operation,
self-help and self-confidence, thereby, promoting their physical, mental, moral
and spiritual development. The students
trained under this movement maintain discipline at various festivals,
exhibitions, railway stations, etc.
Besides, they provide aid to the helpless, the sick and the wounded.
The
Bharat Scouts and Guides, Punjab, has its State headquarters at
Chandigarh. There is a District
Association in every district. The
total strength of the Scouts Guides and Cubs in the Kapurthala District, as on
31 March 1982 was 1,207,720 and 360, respectively.
There is no institution devoted wholly to impart training in the fine arts. However, music is taught as a subject in some of the girls schools and colleges in the district.
(g) Oriental Schools and Colleges
The only
institution teaching Sanskrit is the Swami Shankar Nath Mahavidyalaya at
Hadiabad (Phagwara). This was started
about 60 years back by Swami Shankar Nath Parvat. It prepares students for diploma in Shashtri. The examination relating to the diploma is
held by the Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar. The institution provides free board and lodging to the students.
(h) Adult Literacy, Social Education and measures for the Diffusion of Culture among the Masses
The scheme of Social Education ha been functioning under the Punjab Education Department since 1954-55. Its object is not only to remove illiteracy but also to educate the farmers in the use of modern agricultural techniques with a view to increasing crop yields and ensuring all-round prosperity. The Government of India provides cent per cent financial assistance as well as training facilities for the supervisors.
(i) Cultural and Literary Societies
The following important cultural societies function in the District:
1 Quami Drama Club, Phagwara
2 Navyug Kala Manch, Satnampura, Phagwara
3 Indo-Soviet Cultural Society, Kapurthala
4 Indo-Pakistan Friendship Literary and Cultural Society, Kapurthala.
Literary Societies. –The Literary societies worth mentioning in the District are:
1 Sahit Club, Phagwara
2 Youth Sahit Sabha, Phagwara
3 Punjabi Lekhari Sabha, VPO Palahi. Tehsil Phagwara.
Libraries
All the three municipal committees in the district maintain their libraries and all schools and colleges have libraries for the use of the students and the teaching staff. Several Panchayats also maintain small reading rooms. Besides the above the following public libraries deserve notice :-
1. Shri Sanatan Dharam Sabha Library, Kapurthala
2. Guru Nanak District Library, Kapurthala,
3. Gurudwara Sri Ber Sahib Library, Sultanpur Lodhi.
There is a museum in the palace of the Maharaja which is maintained by the Sainik School.
APPENDIX I
(Vide page 256)
Educational
Institutions in the Kapurthala District on 30 September 1981
|
Schools |
|
Number of
institutions |
||
|
Boys |
Girls |
Total |
||
|
Higher Secondary Schools |
.. |
7 |
3 |
10 |
|
High Schools |
.. |
68 |
11 |
79 |
|
Middle Schools |
.. |
62 |
1 |
63 |
|
Pre Primary/Primary Schools |
.. |
482 |
4 |
486 |
|
Total |
.. |
619 |
19 |
638 |
(Statistical abstract of Punjab, 1982)
APPENDIX II
(Vide page 256)
Number of
Student s in Kapurthala District as on 30 September 1981
|
Number of Students in Classes |
Boys |
Girls |
Total |
|
I to IV |
35,000 |
31,000 |
66,000 |
|
VI to VIII |
16,000 |
11,000 |
27,000 |
|
IX to XI |
7,000 |
5,000 |
12,000 |
|
Total |
58,000 |
47,000 |
1,05,000 |
(Statistical Abstract of Punjab, 1982)
MEDICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH
SERVICES
|
v |
|
|
v |
|
|
v |
|
|
v |
|
|
v |
(a) Public Health and Medical Facilities in
Early Times
The allopathic system was adopted by the ruler of the erstwhile Kapurthala State first for their own households and later organized as a system of medical relief for their subjects. The first medical institution in the Kapurthala State was the Randhir Hospital founded at Kapurthala in 1875. It was under the charge of a civil surgeon, who controlled the medical administration of the state and also acted as medical adviser to the Raja. In 1889, a female wing was added and named the Victoria Jubilee Female Hospital. Among the first dispensaries to be opened in the district were those at Phagwara, Sultanpur Lodhi and Nadala. To these were later added the dispensaries at Bholath, Dhilwan and Kala Sanghian. After the Independence of the country in 1947 and on the formation of PEPSU in 1948, new dispensaries were opened in villages Panchat, Dumeli, Bhularai, Dhaliwal Bet, Begowal, Talwandi Chaudhrian and Tibba. The conversion of the rural dispensaries into primary health centres and opening of family planning centres was a feature of the Second Five-Year Plan. Soon maternity and child welfare centres were set up at Hadiabad and Kala Sanghian and by 1961, there were 17 state-run public hospitals and dispensaries in the district, 13 in Kapurthala Tahsil and 4 in Phagwara.
With the spread of education and scientific treatment of human ills coming within the reach of the people, the methods of faith-cure and quackery have practically disappeared. Homoeopathy is favoured by a few and the Ayurvedic and Unani systems are preferred by many because of the simpler and familiar herbal medicines prescribed. These systems were patronized by the rulers of the erstwhile Kapurthala State and do not receive much encouragement from the Government. The number of Ayurvedic dispensaries in the district in creased from 5 in 1951-52 to 15 in 1960-61 and to 27 (25 Ayurvedic and 2 Unani) by the end of 1981, each under the charge of a Vaid or Hakim.
According to the 1981 Census, Kapurthala town was provided with the maximum medical facilities in the district with 2.7 beds per 1,000 population in the town. On 1 April 1981, it had one hospital with 125 beds, 1 T.B. clinic with 3 beds, 2 allopathic dispensaries with 8 beds and 1 allopathic dispensary, 1 ayurvedic dispensary and 1 family planning center without any bed facility. Phagwara had 1 hospital with 50 beds, 2 allopathic dispensaries, 2 ayurvedic dispensaries with 8 beds and a maternity and child health center. It had only 0.78 beds per 1,000 population. Sultanpur Lodhi had 1 hospital with 50 beds and one ayurvedic dispensary. It had 4.11 beds per 1,000 populations.
The birth, death and infantile mortality rates per 1,000 per annum, in the district, during the last 10 years, from 1972 to 1981, are given hereunder:
|
Year (Calender Year) |
Birth rate per thousand
population |
Death rate per thousand population |
Infantile mortality rate
under one year of age per thousand live births |
|
1972 |
26.53 |
6.38 |
45.50 |
|
1973 |
25.53 |
6.00 |
47.27 |
|
1974 |
26.10 |
6.02 |
38.38 |
|
1975 |
25.28 |
5.42 |
35.34 |
|
1976 |
24.86 |
6.60 |
60.82 |
|
1977 |
22.95 |
6.58 |
44.37 |
|
1978 |
19.89 |
6.73 |
38.36 |
|
1979 |
21.45 |
5.31 |
24.20 |
|
1980 |
22.2 |
5.64 |
36.46 |
|
1981 |
22.2 |
5.76 |
32.21 |
(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab, 1973, 1976, 1977; Civil Surgeon, Kapurthala and Chief Registrar, Births and Deaths, Punjab)
The Birth rate per thousand persons in the district was the highest in 1972 and the lowest in 1978. The death rate was the lowest in 1979, i.e. 5.31 per thousand. The infantile mortality rate was the highest in 1976 and the lowest in 1979.
The important causes of mortality in the district as elsewhere in the State are fevers, dysentery and diarrhea, respiratory disease, etc. The statistics regarding some of important causes of deaths are given in Appendix I on page 278.
(c) Diseases Common to the District
(i) Fevers. –Ordinary fevers, typhoid, influenza and other miscellaneous seasonal fevers including malaria which are caused by infections, unhealthy environments, malnutrition and imbalanced diet are the causes of most deaths.
(ii) Respiratory Diseases. –Next to fevers, respiratory diseases are responsible for causing deaths in the district. These are caused by smoke from domestic fuels burnt in unscientific fire-places. Allergic conditions like bronchitis and asthma also result from smoke and other pollution.
(iii) Malaria. –Kapurthala being a flood prone district, malaria was at one time major cause of morbidity and mortality. A malaria unit was set up in the district in 1957 under the National Malaria Control Programme (N.M.C.P.) and wide-spread spraying of D.D.T. was taken in hand. The N.M.C.P. was upgraded to the N.M.E.P. (National Malaria Eradication Programme) in 1959 and surveillance operations were added. The administrative control of the unit has been taken over by the Civil Surgeon of the district.
(iv) Hookworm. –It is fairly common disease causing agent and leads to anemia. The prevailing practice of indiscriminately fouling the ground and walking barefoot adds to its prevalence.
(v) Communicable diseases. –The communicable diseases are plague, cholera, smallpox, etc. A brief description of each of these is given below:
Plague
No case of plague has been reported in the district during the last forty years.
Cholera
No case of cholera has been reported in the district in the last fifteen years. Drinking water wells are chlorinated frequently to keep the water potable.
Small-pox
This
is a serious disease and leaves far-reaching effects. In the Past people rejected treatment ascribing the disease to
supernatural causes. Vaccination had
reduced the virulence of the disease significantly and the rate of decline was
further accelerated when the National Smallpox Eradication Programme (N.S.E.P.)
was launched in the country in 1962-63.
Primary vaccination and re-vaccination is regularly carried on by
trained vaccinators in the rural areas.
The Punjab Health Directorate claims that the State is free from
small-pox and only one case was reported in the Kapurthala district in 1972 and
it can safely be said that this disease has been eradicated.