APPENDIX VII

Dak Bungalows, Inspection Bungalows and Rest Houses in Ludhiana District as on March 31, 1966

Serial No.

Place

 

Name

Number of suites

Name of reserving authority

Distance from

Railway Station  (Kms.)

Bus Stand (Kms.)

 

 

 

Tahsil Ludhiana

 

 

 

 

1

Ludhiana

..

Electricity Rest House

2

Superintending Engineer, Punjab State Electricity Board, Ludhiana

0.40

0.40

2

Do

..

Civil Rest House

2

Deputy Commissioner, Ludhiana

0.80

0.80

3

Do

..

Dak Bungalow

2

Ditto

0.80

0.80

4

Do 

..

P.W.D. Rest House

3

Executive Engineer, Ludhiana Provincial Division, Ludhiana

1.60

1.60

5

Kohara

..

Civil Rest House

2

Deputy Commissioner, Ludhiana

..

..

6

Ludhiana

..

Railways Rest House (Officers)

2

Divisional Engineer, Northern Railways Ferozpore Cantt.

-

-

7

Do

..

Railways Rest House (class III Employees)

3

(No need of reservation)

-

-

8

Do

..

Railways Rest House (Class IV Employees)

2

Ditto

-

-

9

Do 

..

Canal Rest House

3

Superintending Engineer, Sirhand Canal Circle, Ludhiana

2.40

2.40

10

Bul

..

Canal Rest House

2

Executive Engineer, Ropar Division, Sirhand Canal, Ropar

..

3.20

11

Lil

..

Ditto

2

Ditto

..

..

12

Jagerha

..

Ditto

2

Ditto

3.20

..

13

Parmali

..

Ditto

2

Executive Engineer, Feorozpore Division, Sirhand Canal Ferozpore

..

..

 

 

 

Tahsil Samrala

 

 

 

 

14

Samrala

..

Panchayat Samiti Rest House 

2

Executive Officer, Panchayat Samiti, Samrala

..

0.80

15

Khana

..

P.W.D. Rest House

2

Executive Engineer, Ludhiana Provincial Division, Ludhiana

0.80

0.80

16

Garhi

..

Canal Rest House

2

Executive Engineer, Irrigation Branch Ropar

..

3.20

 

 

 

Tahsil Jagraon

 

 

 

 

17

Jagraon

..

Civil Rest House

2

Deputy Commissioner, Ludhiana

0.80

0.80

18

Bassian

..

Civil Rest House

2

Executive Engineer, Sidhwan Division, Sirhand Canal, Ludhiana

..

..

19

Sidhwan

..

Ditto

2

Ditto

..

0.80

20

Akhara

..

Ditto

2

Executive Engineer, Irrigation Branch, Ferozpore

4.80

..

21

Chakar

..

Ditto

2

Ditto

..

6.40

22

Akalgarh

..

Ditto

2

Ditto

..

0.80

23

Doraha

..

Forest Rest House

2

Divisional Forest Officer, Ludhiana Forest Division Phillaur (District Jullandhar)

0.32

0.96

24

Do

..

Canal Rest House

4

Executive Engineer, Ropar, Sirhand Canal, Ropar

2.40

3.20


APPENDIX VIII

Post Offices in Ludhiana District as on October 31, 1966

 

 

 

 

 

Branch Post Offices

 

Head Post Offices

 

 

1.

Ludhiana

..

1

Birmi

 

 

 

2

Dhandari Kalan

 

 

 

3

Dhandari Kalan

 

 

 

4

Hiran

 

 

 

5

Halwara

 

 

 

6

Jamalpur Awana

 

 

 

7

Jandiali

 

 

 

8

Khasi Kalan

 

 

 

9

Kohara

 

 

 

10

Loudhowal

 

 

 

11

Mundian Kalan

 

 

 

12

Pohir

 

 

 

13

Nurpur

 

 

 

14

Ramgarh

 

 

 

15

Sahibana

 

 

 

16

Sarih

 

 

 

17

Toosey

 

Head Post Offices

 

 

2

A.S College, Khanna S.O.

..

1

Bija Kalan

 

 

 

2

Bagli Kalan

 

 

 

3

Bhourla

 

 

 

4

Daudpur

 

 

 

5

Chack Mafi

 

 

 

6

Daheru

 

 

 

7

Lalauri Kalan

 

 

 

8

Rapalon

 

 

 

 

Branch Post Offices

 

 

 

9

Rahawan

 

 

 

10

Salaudi

 

 

 

11

She

3

Baddowal S.O., C.O

..

 

 

 

 

 

1

AyalI Kalan 

 

 

 

2

Barewal

 

 

 

3

Pamal

 

 

 

4

Pamali

 

 

 

5

Sunet

4

Baini Ram Street, Ludhiana T.S.O

 

 

 

5

Bagh Khazanchian, Ludhiana T.S.O (L.S.G.)

 

 

 

6

Brahampuri, Ludhiana T.S.O (L.S.G.)

 

 

 

7

Bharat Nagar, Ludhiana T.S.O (L.S.G.)

 

 

 

8

Bassian S.O.

 

1

Binjal

 

 

 

2

Jhorran

 

 

 

3

Nathowal

 

 

 

4

Pheru Raien

9

Bhari S.O.

 

1

Fatehgarh Nehwan

 

 

 

2

Goh

 

 

 

3

Goslan

 

 

 

4

Hargana

 

 

 

5

Manupur

 

 

 

6

Kheri

 

 

 

7

Kotla Badla

 

 

 

8

Kotla Ajner

 

 

 

9

Kotla Bhari

10

Civil Lies, Ludhiana T.S.O., C.O.

 

 

 

11

Christian Medical College, Ludhiana T.S.O

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Branch Post Offices

12

Dakha S.O.

 

1

Bassian

 

 

 

2

Bhanohar

 

 

 

3

Chak Kalan

 

 

 

4

Dewatwal

 

 

 

5

Gahaur

 

 

 

6

Hassanpur

 

 

 

7

Hambran

 

 

 

8

Isewal

 

 

 

9

Porain

13

Dehlon S.O.

 

1

Butahri

 

 

 

2

Hans Kila

 

 

 

3

Jhamat

 

 

 

4

Kalhar

 

 

 

5

Karamsar

 

 

 

6

Khatran Chaharam

 

 

 

7

Lehl

 

 

 

8

Sihar

 

 

 

9

Saharan Mazra

14

Doraha C.O.

 

1

Buwani

 

 

 

2

Bilaspur

 

 

 

3

Ghaloti

 

 

 

4

Ghurani kalan

 

 

 

5

Ghangas

 

 

 

6

Jaspalon

 

 

 

7

Jatana

 

 

 

8

Kadon

 

 

 

9

Lapran

 

 

 

10

Muqswdra

 

 

 

11

Rajgarh

 

 

 

 

 

Branch Post Offices

15

Gungrana S.O.

 

1

Barundi

 

 

 

2

Chappar

 

 

 

3

Dhulkot

 

 

 

4

Kalak

 

 

 

5

Khera

 

 

 

6

Latala

 

 

 

7

Rachhin

 

 

 

8

Ranguwala

16

Girson knitting works, Ludhiana T.S.O. (L.S.G)

 

 

 

17

Gujarwal C.O

 

1

Chaminda

 

 

 

2

Phallewal

18

Gill S.O.

 

1

Alamgir

 

 

 

2

Dhandra

 

 

 

3

Duleh

 

 

 

4

Jaspal Bangar

 

 

 

5

Jassowal

 

 

 

6

Lahara

 

 

 

7

Sangowal

19

Grain Market, Kahanna T.S.O

 

 

 

20

Gurdev Nagar, Ludhiana

 

 

 

21

Guru Nanak Engineering College, Ludhiana. S.O

 

 

 

22

Halwara S.O., C.O

 

 

 

23

Ikbalganj,  Ludhiana T.S.O

 

 

 

24

Industrial Colony, Ludhiana T.S.O.

 

 

 

25

Industrial Estate, Ludhiana. T.S.O

 

 

 

26

Jagraon S.O., C.O

 

1

Akhara

 

 

 

2

Aligarh

 

 

 

3

Bodawala

 

 

 

 

 

Branch Post Offices

 

 

 

4

Chakar

 

 

 

5

Chachari

 

 

 

6

Chajawal

 

 

 

7

Chimna

 

 

 

8

Dalla

 

 

 

9

Dhangian

 

 

 

10

Dholan

 

 

 

11

Ghalib Kalan

 

 

 

12

Hans

 

 

 

13

Kamalpur

 

 

 

14

Kaonke kalan

 

 

 

15

Malk

 

 

 

16

Mallah

 

 

 

17

Manoki

 

 

 

18

Nanaksar

 

 

 

19

Rasulpur

 

 

 

20

Roomi

 

 

 

21

Sherpur Kalan

 

 

 

22

Sujapur

27

Jagraon City T.S.O., C.O.

 

 

 

28

Jagraon Tahsil

 

 

 

29

Jail Road, Ludhiana T.S.O.

 

 

 

30

Jarg E.D.S.O.

 

 

 

31

Kahlsa College, Gurusar Sadhar

 

1

Abuwal

 

 

 

2

Akalgarh

 

 

 

3

Bope Rai Kalan

 

 

 

4

Hissowal

 

 

 

5

Raqba

 

 

 

6

Rattowal

 

 

 

7

Sadhar

 

 

 

 

Branch Post Offices

 

 

 

8

Saraba

 

 

 

9

Sahauli

32

Katani Kalan, S.O.

 

1

Bhaini Sahib

 

 

 

2

Chhandaran

 

 

 

3

Ghulal

 

 

 

4

Jonnewa;

 

 

 

5

Kum Kalan

 

 

 

6

Kot Gangu Rai

 

 

 

7

Dhandra

 

 

 

8

Madpur

33

Khanna, S.O., C.O.

 

1

Bahu Majra

 

 

 

2

Bhamaddi

 

 

 

3

Chakohi

 

 

 

4

Ghungrali Rajputan

 

 

 

5

Ikolahi

 

 

 

6

Isru

 

 

 

7

Mohanpur

 

 

 

8

Nasrali

 

 

 

9

Rajewal

 

 

 

10

Rohno Kalan

 

 

 

11

Kishangarh

34

Qila Raipur

 

1

Asi Kalan

 

 

 

2

Bhutta

 

 

 

3

Ghawadi

 

 

 

4

Gurm

 

 

 

5

 Mahmasinghwala

 

 

 

6

Mukandpur

 

 

 

7

Narangwal

 

 

 

8

Shankar

 

 

 

9

Jartauli

 

 

 

 

Branch Post Officers

 

 

 

10

Saya kalan

35

Lalton kalan, S.O.

 

1

Lalkot Khurd

 

 

 

2

Mansuran

 

 

 

3

Dad

 

 

 

4

Dolon Khurd

 

 

 

5

Jodhan

36

Labour Colony, Ludhiana, T.S.O

 

 

 

37

Ludhiana City, T.S.O., C.O. (LSG)

 

 

 

38

Ludhiana Katchehry, T.S.O., C.O.

 

 

 

39

Lajpat Rai Market, T.S.O., (LSG)

 

 

 

40

Machhiwara, S.O., C.O.

 

1

Bahlolpur

 

 

 

2

Chhaurian

 

 

 

3

Hambowal

 

 

 

4

Jodhwal

 

 

 

5

Poawat

 

 

 

6

Takhran

 

 

 

7

Sherpur Bet

 

 

 

8

Panjgrain

41

Madhopuri, Ludhiana, T.S.O., (LSG

 

 

 

42

Malaudh, S.O

 

1

Ber Khurd

 

 

 

2

Dodhal Kalan

 

 

 

3

Ramgarh Sardaran

 

 

 

4

SidhanDaud

 

 

 

5

Kuhli Kalan

43

Man, S.O.

 

1

Jassowal Kalan

 

 

 

2

Sohian

44

Millerganj, Ludhiana, T.S.O., C.O.(L.S.G)

 

 

 

45

Model Town, Ludhiana, T.S.O., C.O.(L.S.G)

 

 

 

46

Manoki

 

1

Bhamipura

 

 

 

 

Branch Post Offices

 

 

 

2

Dehrka

 

 

 

3

Hatur

 

 

 

4

Lakha

 

 

 

5

Lamma

47

Mullanpur Mandi, C.O., (L.S.G.)

 

1

Jangpur

 

 

 

2

Khandu

 

 

 

3

Mohi

 

 

 

4

Mullanpur

 

 

 

5

Mandiani

 

 

 

6

Pandori

 

 

 

7

Dhat

48

New Model Town, Ludhiana, T.S.O.

 

 

 

49

Pakhowal, S.O.,C.O.

 

1

Andlu

 

 

 

2

Nangal Kalan

 

 

 

3

Nangal khurd

 

 

 

4

Bhaini Derera

50

Payal, C.O.

 

1

Dhamot

 

 

 

2

Jargari

 

 

 

3

Hol

 

 

 

4

Nizampur

 

 

 

5

Runi

 

 

 

6

Sihaura

 

 

 

7

Sirthala

 

 

 

8

Baramlipur

51

Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (T.S.O., C.O.)

 

 

 

52

Railkot, S.O., C.O.

 

1

Atiana

 

 

 

2

Bhaini Baringan

 

 

 

3

Burj Hari Singh

 

 

 

4

Heran Hans

 

 

 

 

Branch Post Offices

 

 

 

5

Rajoana Kalan

 

 

 

6

Tejpur

 

 

 

7

Talwandi Rai

53

Rampur, S.O.

 

1

Begowal

 

 

 

2

Rampur

54

Sawaddi., S.O.

 

1

Gurah

 

 

 

2

Majri

 

 

 

3

Talwandi Kalan

 

 

 

4

Talwandi khurd

 

 

 

5

Bhundri

 

 

 

6

Bhyrowal

 

 

 

7

Mor Karima

 

 

 

8

Sheikhpura

55

Samrala, S.O.,C.O.

 

1

Bondli

 

 

 

2

Hedon

 

 

 

3

Kakrala Kalan

 

 

 

4

Kotala

 

 

 

5

Kotla Shamaspur

 

 

 

6

Malmazza

 

 

 

7

Manki Beghaur

 

 

 

8

Nagar

 

 

 

9

Utalon

 

 

 

10

Sarwarpur

 

 

 

11

Sihala

56

Sahnewal, S.O., C.O.

 

1

Kanech

 

 

 

2

Nandpur

57

Sidhwan Bet, S.O.

 

1

Bangsipura

 

 

 

2

Jandi

 

 

 

3

Lilan

 

 

 

4

Malsian bajan

 

 

 

 

Branch Post Offices

 

 

 

5

Ramgarh Bhullar

 

 

 

6

Sadarpura

 

 

 

7

Tihara

 

 

 

8

Raowal

 

 

 

9

Sodhiwala

58.

Sidh Peth, Ludhiana,T.S.O

 

 

 

59

Satsang Road, Ludhiana,T.S.O.

 

 

 

60

Sidhwan khurd, S.O.

 

1

Sidhwan Kalan

 

 

 

2

Bairsal

 

 

 

3

Birk

 

 

 

4

Buzrag

61.

Salem Tabri, Ludhiana, S.O.

 

1

Bhattian

 

 

 

2

Mangat

62.

Samrala Road, Ludhiana, T.S.O.

 

 

 

63.

Morinda, S.O.(District Ropar)

 

1

Chari

 

 

 

2

Jatana Uncha

 

 

 

3

Khamanon Kalan

 

 

 

4

Sanghol

H.O.

Head Office

 

..

1

S.O.

Sub-Offices

 

..

60

E.D.S.O.

Extra Department Sub-Office

 

..

1

E.D.B.O.

Extra Department Branch Offices

 

..

254

 

Total

 

..

316

 

The above include the following :-

 

..

 

T.S.O.

Town Sub-Offices (In Ludhiana proper only)

 

..

26

C.O.

Combined (Post and Telegraph)

 

..

24

 

 


APPENDIX   IX

TELEPHONES

Telephone Exchange and trunk and Long Distance Public Call Officers in Ludhiana District as at the close of 1966

 

Telegraphs Division

Telegraphs/ Telephone Sub-Division

Telephone

Exchange

 

 

Public call offices

 

Name of Exchange

Year of opening

No of connection

Main Extensions

Parent Exchange

Name of Place

Year of opening

Parent exchange

Ambala (North)

Ambala (North) telegraph Sub-Division

Doraha

1954

30

-

-

*Payal

1954

Doraha

Do

Do

Sahnewal

1964

17

1

Ludhiana

 

 

 

Do

Do

Samrala

1964

37

2

-

 

 

 

Do

Ambala Telegraphs Sub-Division

Khanna

1951

214

16

-

 

 

 

Do

Do

Machhiwara

1964

19

-

Khanna

 

 

 

Do

Patiala Telegraphs Sub-Division

..

-

-

-

-

Dehlon

..

Ahmedgarh (District Sangrur)

 

 

 

Telegraphs Division

Telegraphs/ Telephone Sub-Division

Telephone

Exchange

 

 

Public call offices

 

Name of Exchange

Year of opening

No of connection

Main Extensions

Parent Exchange

Name of Place

Year of opening

Parent exchange

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ferozepore

Ferozepore Telegraphs Sub-Division

Jagraon

1937

105

26

-

Qila Raipur

..

Do

Do

Do

Mullanpur

1644

23

-

Ludhiana

*Raikot Bassian

1959

Jagraon

Jagraon

Jullundhur (East)

Ludhiana  Sub-Division

Ludhiana (Main) Ludhiana

1914

983

147

-

**Halwara

..

Ludhiana

Do

Do

Ludhiana (Millerganj)

1963

1030

145

-

 

 

 

 

* P.C.O.s with extensions,

** P.C.OS. provided with Messenger Service Facility.

(Source: Punjab Circle, Telephone Directory, March 1967, Divisional Engineers

 Telegraphs, North Division, Ambala, Ferozepore Division, Ferozepore and

East Division, Jullundhar)

 

 

 

CHAPTER VIII

MISCELLANEOUS OCCUPATIONS

 

            Miscellaneous occupations, such as public service, learned professions including law, engineering medicine, etc., and the domestic and personal services, all employ about 19,766 persons. However, no regular occupational survey of the district has yet been undertaken.

 

            Ludhiana is predominantly a rural district, with about 69.2 per cent of its population living in villages. According to 1961 Census, total population of the district comprised 10,25,519 persons, of which 7,07,776 were rural and 3,14,743 urban. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people in the rural areas. the total number of workers of the district, according to 1961 Census was 2,95,019 (2,03,775 rural and 91244 urban ) The Census of 1961 registered 1,29,787 as cultivators and agricultural labourers and the remaining 1,65,232 as other workers. Of the total working force ,53216 were engaged in “Other Service” which included services like generation and supply of electricity and water besides sanitary, medical and public health, legal, business, recreational and personal services. They also included general labourers engaged in other miscellaneous jobs. After the partition the new national set up and the development  economy in the country has opened up new avenues of employment and there has been a large increase in these occupations. The main reasons to which the increase can be attributed are the general facilities of the city life, where these occupations are concentrated . The rapid industrial development in the district, especially since the petition, has provided unprecedented scope for the people to take up diverse new occupations like hosiery goods and cycle spare parts manufacturing industry.

 

            The urban population in the district is mostly non-agriculturist and depends upon industries, commerce, transport, construction services and other miscellaneous occupations. Persons in services and earning through miscellaneous sources form a very small proportion of the total population of the district . They include Government or semi-Government servants and persons employed in education, law medical, engineering, personal and domestic services, etc.

 

Public Services.- Jobs in Government offices are, as ever, highly valued in society. During recent years, the  number of such jabs has considerably increased, as new development departments have come into existence in the district .  With the opening of Pilot Project for intensive cultivation, which is being implemented in the district since 1961, there has been a considerable rise in the number of Government servants employed in the development blocks and under the Pilot Project Scheme. Ludhiana district has been included in the Intensive Agricultural Development Programme (I.A.D.P) since  1961-62, which has resulted in the employment of a number of persons under the  scheme in the district. The number of State Government employees including Central Government and local bodies employees, etc., in the district according to 1961 Census was 6,529.   

 

            The State, the Central and local Government institutions provide different amenities for their employees in the form of dearness and house rent allowance, provident fund benefit, free medical service, loans for construction of house and purchase of vehicles, advance for the purchase of wheat, etc. The Government provides free accommodation to police employees. The  Minister of Railways provides quarters on normal rent and issue free and privilege passes for travel to employees and their families. Uniforms are also provided them. Class IV employees under the State and Central Government are also given free liveries. Patwaris are paid house rent at the rate of Rs. 6 per month. Security of service, pension and other such amenities attract people to Government Service.

 

            A good number of public employees unions function in the district. These Union have formed by Government employees to safeguard services interests and for recreation and cultural purpose. A list of such union has been given on pages 610-12 of Chapter XVII ‘Other Social Services’.

 

            Army.- The recruiting centre at the district headquarters provides recruits to the Defence Services in very large numbers. The District played a prominent part during the World Wars I and II. The number of recruits provided by the district to the Armed Forces during World Wars II was 29,878. The recruits from the district also got gallantry awards during the War. During Jammu and Kashmir operations the district received 2 Maha Vir Chakras and gallantry awards. About 350 parents in the district got war jagirs. These jagirs were given to the parents who enrolled three or more sins during the World War II.

 

            On March 31, 1966 the number of ex-servicemen (military pensioners) in the district was 14,643. A large number of servicemen belonging to this district fought in the NEFA and Ladakh against the Chinese in 1962 and won gallantry awards. During the conflict with Pakistan in 1965, this district too, provided a good number of soldiers, who fought bravely and won gallantry awards.

 

            Educational Services.- Ludhiana has been a progressive district n the sphere of education. It is one of the highly advanced districts of the State so far as education is concerned. The First Revised Settlement Report of Ludhiana district, 1878-83,  “ The district is not backward in comparison with the average of province”1. With the draw of independence, the district has made further remarkable progress in the field of education. On march 31, 1966, besides professional institutions, there were 9 colleges, 33 higher secondary schools (including 3 multi-purpose), 91 high schools, 89 middle schools and 675 primary schools (including 43 basic schools) in the district.

1 Gorden Walker, “Final Report on the Revision of Settlement of Ludhiana District, 1878-83, p.77’

 

            The number of teachers employed in primary, middle, high/higher secondary schools and colleges in the district in 1965-66 was 3,456 , 2,437 , 1,094 and 641 respectively.2

 

2  Statistical Abstract of Punjab, 1967, p. 387.

 

               The pay scales of the teachers are fairly good, as compared with those counter parts in other professions. The teachers with two years’ services are also permitted to appear in certain university examination privately by the Punjab University.   There is paucity of trained sciences teachers,- especially women teachers, for their appointment in rural areas.  The absence of the provision of suitable residential accommodation in villages compels teachers to reside in urban areas and travel daily to and back from schools.  This greatly hampers the extra-curricular and social activities of schools.

 

            Medical Profession. – These services include persons employed in medical services rendered by organisations and individuals such as hospitals, nursing homes, maternity and child welfare clinics as also by unani, ayurvedic, allopathic and homeopathic practitioners and persons employed in maternity services.  In olden days people in rural areas could not seek medical advice at the time of illness.  The number of doctors and medical practitioners is on the increase.  The medical practitioners generally have their small colonies and dispense their own prescriptions.  In view of the obligations of a welfare Government to provide medical aid to citizens, the State has opened Hospitals, Health Centres and Dispensaries which are manned by qualified doctors, vaids and hakims.

 

            On the veterinary side, a net-work of veterinary hospitals and dispensaries has been spread in the district to improve the cattle breed and treat various diseases among animals.

 

            There are four big private hospitals located at Ludhiana- Miss Browns’ Memorial Hospital, Daya Nand Hospital, Kapur Maternity Hospital and Akki Bai Eye Hospital, which are rendering very useful service to the public.  Besides, there are Civil Hospitals at Ludhiana and Khanna.

 

            The associations formed by the members of medical profession in the district are Ayurved Mandal, Ludhiana ; The All-India Homeopathic Medical Association, Ludhiana Branch ; The National Medical Association of India ; Punjab Brach, Ludhiana and All-India Private Medical Practitioners’ Association, Ludhiana.

 

            The number of Doctors, Vaidyas/Hakims, Upvaidyas, compounders, Midwives, Nurses and Dais in the district in 1966 was 1,359, 19, 19, 3,842, 3,188 and 793, respectively3.

 

3.         Statistical Abstract of Punjab, 1963, pp. 321 and 328.

 

            Legal Profession. –The legal profession is an important occupation in the district.  It has attracted an increasing number of persons in recent years.  The profession includes barristers, advocated, pleaders and munshis.  According to 1961 Census, there were 276 persons engaged in legal services.

 

Engineering Profession. – The engineering services are fairly well-represented at the district headquarters. The persons employed in engineering services of the Government departments have been discussed in the Chapter XIII ‘Other Departments’.  In addition to these, there are a number of persons who are carrying on their profession as contractors, architects or consulting engineers.  The number of architects, engineers and surveyors, according to 1961 Census was 276.

 

Transport Services. – Transport plays an important part in the economy of the district.  The district, after partition, has developed into a nerve centre of transport.  In 1965-66, there were as many as seven private transport companies operating in the district.  The goods transport has also received a considerable fillip, due to rapid industrialisation of the district.

 

The transport workers employed in the various transport companies include drivers, conductors, etc.  According to 1961 Census, there were 9,612 persons engaged in transport, storage and communication services, against 2,105 in 1951.

 

Besides the motor vehicle companies, there are rickshaw pullers, tonga-drivers and scooter rickshaw-drivers.  The rickshaw owners invest money on the purchase of the vehicles and rent them out to rickshaw pullers.  The rickshaw charges in the district are moderate.  Tongas have received a setback after partition owing to the increasing popularity of the rickshaw and auto-mobiles.  There are only a few tongas seen plying on the city roads, but these are still in use for taking passengers to the country side.  The growing use of the buses and tempos (three wheeled vehicles) by the villagers in recent years has adversely affected the income of country tongawalas, too.

 

Few motor-car owners can afford to keep a driver.  Almost all of them drive their cars themselves.  Transport workers, like drivers, conductors and cleaners have been employed by the transport companies.  They are provided with facilities, such as uniforms, bonus and allowance for overtime.  Their income and social status is far better then that of the rickshaw pullers and tonga drivers.  The transport workers have their unions to safeguard their interests.

 

Personal Services. – Among these are included barbers, washermen, laundry services, tailors, water carries, weavers, cobblers, carpenters and the like.  The following services employ a considerable number of persons :-

 

Barbers. – The old practice of engaging Lagi (nai) is still in vogue in nearly all the villages, but this has become altogether out-of-date in urban areas of the district.  In villages the barber is still required to be present on certain religious ceremonies, besides attending to clients at their houses.  He gets his remuneration in kind at the time of harvesting.

 

The hair-dressing saloons in urban areas are becoming popular.  The practice of visiting the houses of their customers by the barbers is fast disappearing.  The customer also finds it more convenient and cheaper to visit the saloon.  The barbers have their well-arranged shops with latest implements for hair dressing and cutting, where they charge 75 paise to Rs. 1.25 paise for a hair cut and 25 to 30 paise for a shave.  There is also one lady hair-dressing saloon in Ludhiana.  The barbers in rural area, however, called nain, does some sort of periodical hair cleaning and hair dressing of the women folk of the families to which the barber is attached.

 

The persons employed in this profession were 1,076 according to 1961 Census as against 267 in 1951.  The barbers in the towns have their unions, which enjoin upon members to follow certain rules and regulations concerning their economic and social condition.  Tuesdays are generally observed as holidays by the barbers and they keep their saloons closed.

 

Washermen. – Most of the washermen live in urban areas, because the villagers generally do their washing themselves.  The laundries in urban areas have become much popular these days and these do both washing and ironing of clothes.  The laundry business has adversely affected washermen, since laundry-men are more prompt and efficient as compared to old style washermen.  In Ludhiana, a number of concerns are engaged in dry-cleaning business and most of them have their own plants.  They charge about Rs. 3 for the dry-cleaning of a woolen suit.

 

The total number of washermen, which was 678 according to 1951 Census, rose to 1527 in 1961.  the average rates for washing and ironing throughout the district vary from 20 to 25 paise and 10 paise respectively.

 

Tailors. – The number of tailors, cutters, furriers and related workers in the district was 5,335 according to 1961 Census, out of which 2,522 were urban tailors.  The urban tailors make pants, trousers, coats shirts, bush-shirts, cotton and woolen-suits for men and women, jackets, nightgowns, achkans, skirts, lady-coats, salwars and blouses.  The tailors in rural areas generally make ‘kurtas’, payjamas, shirts, underwears, salwars and ghagras.  The rural tailors have now started making bush-shirts.  The rates charged by the tailors in urban and rural areas vary very much.

 

The tailors both in rural and urban areas now paid in cash.  Most of the tailors have their own sewing machines and work independently.  They also work on commission basis with some good concern.  The old practice of tailors working at the houses of clients is still in vogue on marriages.  The elite of the town or the general public on occasion of marriages or big orders may call tailors to their houses.

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