Planning
Department
The
Economic and Statistical Organisation of the Planning Department, Punjab, is
represented in the district by the District Statistical Officer, Ludhiana, who is
assisted by one Technical Assistant, besides other ministerial and class IV
staff. This office was established in
the beginning of March, 1960.
Its
main functions are to co-ordinate the statistical activities of the different
departments at the district level, ensure that the data collected by the
different district agencies are furnished in time and conform to certain
minimum standards, undertaken on the spot investigations on the collection of
the data, collect such economic and statistical data as are either not
available at present or are extremely meager, inadequate or not reliable for
which there is no suitable agency, meet such other demand for statistics as
many arise from time to time fro administrative and policy needs, render
technical guidance to the district agencies in collection and processing of data and maintain liaison with
other statistical agencies which operate at the district level.
National Savings
Organisation
The
National Savings Scheme was introduced during the World War II when it was
known as the National Savings Central Bureau.
It was re-organised in 1948 when a Director was appointed in each State,
assisted by an Assistant Regional Director, and one or two District Organisers,
National Savings, in each district.
The
Ludhiana Branch of the National Savings Organisation was established in
1948. There are three District
Organisers, National Savings, one each at the headquarters of the three
sub-divisions in the district i.e., Ludhiana, Jagraon and Samrala. Their main functions are to promote the
habit of thrift among the public to persuade the public to invest their savings
with Government in one of the Small Savings Securities ; to appoint, guide,
train and motivate the agents ; to form savings groups and watch their efficient
functioning ; and to work for the promotion of the savings movement in close
collaboration with other Government Organisations like the post offices,
community projects, co-operatives, schools and college, municipalities and
State Government, and to utilize the good offices of non-official organisation
for the purpose.
The
annual target of collections is fixed by a committee known as the State
Advisory Board for Small Savings, Punjab.
The target, fixed by the committee, is distributed among the Commissioners
of the respective Divisions, leaving it to them to sub-divide their divisional
targets among their respective districts.
Each district has a Savings Committee which reviews the progress of the
Small Savings Scheme every month and devises ways and means for its
intensification. The district targets
are sub-divided among various trades and professions, educational institutions,
industries, bazaars, mandies, offices, etc., and the implementation of these is
entrusted to the members of the Savings Committee.
Publicity
is carried on by means of cinema slides, films, folders, posters, exhibitions,
public meetings, door-to-door and shop-to-shop canvassing, etc., in order to
educate the people regarding the advantage of the scheme to them and to the
nation.
The
gross and net collections for the year 1961-62 to 1965-66 in Ludhiana district
are given in chapter ‘Banking, Trade and commerce’ on page 311.
Language
Department
The
Department is represented at the district level by the District Language
Officer, Ludhiana, who is assisted by one Inspector, besides ministerial and
class IV staff.
Before
the introduction of the regional language (Punjabi in Punjab region and Hindi
in Hindi Region) on October 2, 1962, at and below the district level, for
official use in the them Punjab State, Language teachers were appointed to
teach Punjabi/Hindi to the employees of the State Government. In order to ensure easy and smooth
switch-over to the Punjabi in Ludhiana
District by the said date, an Introduction Cell was created at the district
headquarters in September, 1962. To
start with the staff consisted of an Incharge District Language Introduction
and an Inspector for Punjabi Type and Stenography. The District Language Officer was provided in 1963 to supervise
the work of introduction of the regional language in the district
administration. He is expected to visit
the different State Government offices located in the district and assist in
the introduction of Punjabi.
Typewriting and Shorthand classes are held free of charge for the
benefit of the Government employees.
LOCAL SELF-
GOVERNMENT
|
v Organization and Structure
Function and Duties of Municipal Committees |
(a) History of
Local Self- Government in the District. – Local Self-Government in the Punjab, as elsewhere in India, is of two
kinds ; the Local government of the villages and that of the towns. The former is an old indigenous institutions
dating from the remotest antiquity while the latter is an exotic growth of
western importation. The development of
local government in large towns is described here while rural local government
falls under the head Panchayati Raj.
Municipal
Government in India has its roots in pre-historic times. Some form of municipal
authority appears to have been well-established even during the period of the
Harappan civilization. Positive evidence of a highly development urban
civilization is provided by the archaeological excavations at Harapan
(Montgorery District) and Mohenjodaro (Larkana, Sind) in West Pakistan. The
streets were well planned with obvious town-planning restrictions on sporadic
buildings. Most impressive are the systems of drains. They testify to the
vigilance of some regular and effective municipal Government.
The
village was the unit of State in ancient India. There was, however, no clear
dividing line between a village (grama) and a town (nagara). Gramani was the
head of the village as well as of the tow. Gradually village developed into
large towns and a city culture was evolved and reached its high water mark
during the Mauryan and Gupta period f India History. Cities had their councils
and also most probably had municipal administrations on the pattern of the
metropolitan city of Pataliputra as described by Megasthenses, the Greek ambassador
at the court of the Mauryan Emperor Chandragupta.
The
Sultanate of Delhi and the Mughal rule were an undiluted despotism, with a
highly centralized bureaucracy, and an urban culture. The cities were the foci
of Political power. Their civil administration was vested in the Kotwal, whose
multifarious functions, as described by Abul Fazl in the Ain-I-Akbari,1
included a number of such duties as in modern times are regarded as municipal
functions. The office of the kotwal was developed as the key stone of municipal
organisation. Appointed under the sanad of the Emperor, the kotwal was a person
of high status. Law and order was his first responsibility and he maintained a
body of horse, city guards and an army of spies. Almost every aspect of city
life came under his college; he appointed a headman or ‘Mir muhalla’ for every
ward, he kept ward, he kept a register of houses and roads and directed the
location of cemeteries slaughter-houses, and sweeper colonies. He controlled
the markets, checked weights and measures, supervised local prices. He levied
the local taxes, market dues, tolls and transit duties2.
1. Abul Fazil,
Ani-I-Akbari, translated by Col. H.S. Jarrett, Vol. II, pp. 41-43, (Calcutta,
1891)
2.
P. Saran, The Provincial Government of the Mughuls, pp. 231-35. (Allahabad,
1941)
During
the medieval and Mughal periods, there were no regular municipal institutions
enjoying powers of self-government.
Municipal self-Government traditions of ancient India simply withered
away under the military, despotism of the Sultanate of Delhi and the Mughal
Empire.
Local
Self-Government as a representative Organisation responsible to a body of
electors with necessary powers of administration and taxation and functioning
as a school for training in responsibility is a British legacy in India. While the existence of elective
organisations in ancient India or the formation of panchayats in the villages
in the form of Local Self-Government since very early times cannot be denied,
it is indisputable that the foundation of modern system of Municipal Government
were laid during the period of British rule in the country. Local Self-Government in the sense it is
understood today was thus gradually evolved as a result of a series of
legislative enactments passed from time to time under the British regime.
The
Government of India Act XXXVI of 1850 permitted the formation of local
committees to make better provisions for Public Health and Sanitation and to
raise taxes for the said purpose. The
legislative provision, however, was conditioned by the fact that the action
should be taken on the application of the inhabitants. The Royal Army Sanitary Commission invited
pointed attention to the unhealthy conditions of the towns in its report in
1863. Prompt action was taken by the
Punjab Government in pursuance of the recommendations and under the Punjab Act
XV of 1867, the voluntary provision for the constitution of Municipaities
was dropped and the provincial
Government assumed necessary powers to set up Committees to look after
water-supply, lighting and sanitation of towns. The said Act permitted the election of a number of members of
Municipaln Committees with the permission of the Provincial Government. The measures proved useful in improving the
sanitary conditions in the towns. The
Ludhiana Municipality was formed in 1867 under the said Act and action in this
regard was taken at the instance of the military authorities to meet the long
felt need.
Lord
Mayo’s resolution on provincial finances, which encouraged the general
application of the principle of election to the local bodies, was another step
in the development of Local Self-Government in India. A Punjab Act of 1873 passed in pursuance of the above resolution
made membership of Municipal bodies permissive by elections.
During
the initial stage the system of Local Self-Government could by no means be said
to be fully democratic. The
predominance of the official control gave little chance for local inititative. In fact during this phase the accent was more
on the “local” rather than the “Self Government” aspect of Municipal
administration.
The
review of the Local Government done by the Royal Commission of decentralisation
in 1907-1909 did not embody any progressive Municipal policy. The introduction of communal electorates
under the Government of India Act 1909 proved to be a great impediment to the
healthy development of Municipal Government in the Punjab. The Punjab Municipal Act, 1911, did not
introduce any substantial changes in the Municipal administration. Officer was made compulsory in large
towns. During the period 1909-1919
there was no significant change in the Municipal administration. The deputy Commissioner continued to the be
the king pin. The Municipal Committees
continued to suffer from chronic financial stringency, rigid central control
and mal-administration. The outbreak of
World War I (1919-18) had adverse effect on the working of the Municipal
bodies. The goal of “political and
popular education” remined as elusive as ever.
By and large Local Self-Government in the district continued to be one
of the functions of the district officer.
Under
the system of dyarchy, 1919- 1937, official control was gradually relaxed and
local bodies were made completely elective.
It was desired to establish Local Self-Government, whereby the people
would be free to manage their own affairs.
The new policy accepted the principle that political education of the
public must take precedence over departmental efficiency. The Government of India Act, 1919,
prescribed a new schedule of taxes, which could be levied by or for the local
bodies. This measure not only enlarged
the sphere of taxation but also enabled the local bodies to feel relatively
independent.
The
Punjab Small Towns Act, 1922, simplified the machinery for Municipal
administration of Small Towns with population of less than 10,000. Under the new scheme the Town Committees
consisting of not less than 5 member ¾ of whom were to be elected, were proposed
for all such towns. The Punjab
Municipal (Executive Officer) Act, 1913, invested the Provincial Government
with powers to appoint Executive Officer in the Municipalities.
With
a dawn of independence in 1947 a new vista had been opened in the growth of
Municipal Government. Local Self-Government has assumed new significance, a new
status and has a new role to play as the base of democratic set-up in the
country. It is, however, to be
regretted that the urban local bodies have so far failed to meet the
aspirations of the people. The new
national set up[ in the country has not brought about any great improvement in
the field of Local Self-Government. The
cursory comparison of Municipal administration in the pre and post-independence
periods leads to the unfortunate conclusion that a dynamic system of Municipal
administration has yet to be evolved.
The existing Municipalities at Ludhiana, Jagaron, Khanna, Raikot and
Machhiwara were raised to Class II3 standard in 1886 in accordance
with the Punjab Government notification No. 687, dated 28th
September 1886. Their boundaries were
defined in 1886 and building bye-laws were sanctioned in 1888. penal laws and Octroi limits were fixed in
18904.
3. Municipalities are set up in cities and
larger towns and are governed by the State enactments. In the Punjab, municipalities are classified
into three classes, on the basis of population, income other relevant factors,
as under :
|
(i) |
Class I
Municipalities, with population exceeding 50,000 ; |
|
(ii) |
Class II
Municipalities with population exceeding 20,000 but not exceeding 50,000 ; |
|
and |
(iii) Class III
Municipalities with population exceeding 10,000 but not exceeding 20,000 |
4. The Municipal boundaries of Ludhiana, Jagaron,
Raikot, Khanna and Machhiwara were fixed by Punjab Government Notification No.
683, dated the 28th September, 1886, No. 713, dated the 24th
September, 1888 and No. 96, dated the 24th February, 1902.
Their rules of business are given
in the Punjab Government Gazette dated the 10th March, 1887, p. 284
of Part III ; also Notifications No. 43, dated the 3rd August, 1898
No.21, dated the 3rd August, 1899 (Ml. Manual, pp. 357-58).
Their octroi limits were defined
by Punjab Government Notification No. 479, dated the 1st July, 1890
and the schedule, prescribed by Notification No. 822, dated the 5th
July, 1876, was revised in 1887, and 1899 (Notifications No. 110, dated the 11th
March, 1887, and No. 330, dated the 5th July, 1899). In the case of Jagraon Municipality, the
schedule of Octroi, prescribed by Notification No. 822, dated the 5th
July, 1876, was revised in 1897 (Notification No. 581, dated the 4th
December, 1897 as corrected by Notifications No. 301, dated the 1st
July, 1899, and No. 253, dated the 16th June, 1900) and in the case
of Machhiwara Municipality, the schedule of Octroi, prescribed by Notification
No. 1106-S., dated the 29th April, 1887.
Building by-laws were sanctioned
vide Punjab Government Gazette, Part III, p. 70, dated the 26th
January, 1888, and penal bye-laws by Notification No. 370, dated the 3rd
June, 1890. The penal bye-laws of Jagraon municipality were sanctioned by
Notification No. 371, dated the 3rd June, 1890. In the case of penal bye-laws the model
rules were adopted (Ml. Manual pp. 450-51).
Bahlolpur
Municipality was abolished in 1886.
Similarly the Municipal Committee of Machhiwara was abolished in
1911. Samarla got a small Town
Committee in 1933 and was made a Class III Municipality in 1956. Ludhiana was elevated to a Class I
Municipality in 1949. Doraha, which had a Small Town Committee, became a Class
III Municipality in 1956.
Functions
and Duties of Municipal Committees
Under the Punjab Municipal Act 1911,the
municipal committees are required to make reasonable provision within the
limits of the municipality for lighting of public streets, places or buildings
; cleaning public streets, places and sewers and all spaces not being private
property, which are open to the enjoyment of the public ; safe and sufficient
water-supply for all domestic purposes ; extinction and prevention of fire,,
regulating or abating offensive or dangerous trades or practices ; control of
public and private buildings and thoroughfares ; establishing and managing of
pounds ; requiring dangerous or insanitary buildings or places to be secured ;
construction, maintenance and alteration in public streets, culverts, markets,
veterinary dispensaries, slaughter houses, latrines, urinals, baths and washing
places, drains sewers, and providing public facilities for drinking water ;
control of infections diseases ; scavenging and house-scavenging ; acquiring,
maintaining and regulating of burial and burning places for the disposal of
dead, unclaimed dead bodies of paupers; disposal of mad and stray dogs and
other animals; disposal of dead animals; public vaccination; registration of
births and deaths ; and naming streets and numbering houses.
Prior
to 1957, elementary education was one of the obligatory functions of local
bodies. But this system was not working satisfactorily. Charges of apathy,
incompetency, ill- treatment of teachers, religious and political bias,
nepotism and other forms of graft were leveled against local bodies. By and large the municipal bodies had not
developed adequate sense of civic responsibility in the field of education5. In view of these factors, all municipal
schools-primary, middle and high- in the State were provinciallzed in October,1957.
The municipalities have been required to pay fixed contributions to Government
in lieu of this obligation.
5. As early as 1937, the Educational
Commissioner, Government of India, observed : “it is obvious that the
administration by local bodies of primary education has entirely failed. Local bodies complain of inadequacy of
funds, but the waste involved is such that three fourths of the expenditure on
primary education is rendered entirely unproductive.”
(b)
Municipalities
Ludhiana
Municipality.- Ludhiana was
constituted a municipality in 1867. It was raised to a class 11 municipality in
18866. In view of the growing importance of the town, it was raised to class 1 municipality
with effect from December 15,19497. the municipal limits were
extended in 1952 and again in 1962, increasing the total area from 7 square
miles in 1952 to about 17 square miles in 1962. the population of the town rose
from 1,11,639 in 1941 to 1,53,795 in 1951 and 2,44,032 in 1961.
6. Vide Punjab Government Notification No. 687,
dated the 28th September, 1886.
7. Vide Punjab Government Notification No.
10620-30-49/II-305, dated the December, 1949.
After the last extension of the municipal limits on January 16,1962, the
delimitation of the wards of the municipality was notified, vide Punjab
Government Notification No DE63/5A/3595, dated the 23 rd. may. 1963.The city
was divided in to 38 constituencies out of which 3 are double member
constituencies. Three seats are reserved for Scheduled Castes. All the 41 members
are elected members. The last municipal election was held in 19648.
8. The election of
the Ludhiana municipality, held in 1964, was notified,- vide Punjab Government
Notification No. 5580 ICIII-64/23834, dated the 1st July, 1964. The election of the President of the
municipality was notified, - vide Punjab Government Notification No.
12583-ICI-64/45675, dated the 10th
December, 1964.
The
Punjab Municipal (Executive Officer) Act,1931, was extended to the Ludhiana
Municipality on November 3,19659, and a P.C.S. officer was appointed
as an Executive Officer from November 20th ,1965.
9. Vide Punjab Government Notification No.
11661-201-65/45661, dated the 3rd November, 1965
Local
Government has been defined as the provision of services to a local community
through a representative assembly. Municipal services affect the life of the
citizens from womb to death. The key civic services are as under:
Communications.- The provision of communication of one of the main function assigned to
municipalities. It includes construction and maintenance of roads, bridges,
culverts etc. Only district roads falling within the limits of municipalities
are the concern of the municipal committees concerned.
All
the public streets and roads within the Ludhiana municipal limits are
brick-paved tarred or slabbed. Surface drains have been provided in all the
localities where streets have been declared public streets and are maintained
by the municipality.
The municipal roads in the town have
been considerably improved during the last few years. The Mall , the Daya Nand
Hospital Road and Jail Road have been converted in to two-way traffic roads.
This has not only added to the beauty of the localities but has greatly helped in
reducing traffic jams. Another important artery of industrial communications,
viz. the Gill Road, bearing the heaviest traffic, is also being converted in to
a two-way traffic road. Other roads in the city have, as for as possible, been
re-conditioned so as to provide foot-paths for the pedestrians.
Medical
and Public Health,- Medical and
public health are among the obligatory functions of municipalities. The
municipality is responsible for health
administration in their respective areas including the control of
epidemic diseases. The work in this
field is divided in to several activities, e. g., conservancy, sanitation,
medical relief, anti-epidemic work, prophylactic public health(such as
vaccination and anti-malaria work.) and vital statistics.
(i)
Conservancy.- The municipality has
dry-latrine system and has employed 467 whole-time and 164 part time sweepers
for sweepers for sweeping the streets
and removal of refuse which is
taken through trucks and trailers, animals-driven carts and donkeys to the
dumping grounds situated on all the four sides of the city. The refuse is
dumped and composed into the manure. The house scavenging is done by private
sweepers.
(ii) Sanitation.- The Construction of underground sewerage is
in progress since 1961. The sewers in the Civil Line, Miller Ganj and Bharat
Nagar are already complete and functioning.
(iii) Public Health.- The municipality has a whole-time
Superintendent Vaccination, and 8,930 persons re-vaccinated. In the same year,
10,607 births and 2,668 deaths were recorded.
Vital
statistics are the eyes and ears of the health organisation. But generally
adequate attention is not paid to this
basic work. Consequently vital statistics of the municipality are generally
deficient both in quality and quantity.
Protected Water Supply.- Piped
water-supply for Ludhiana was originally provided as far back as 1906-07. In
the beginning, water was supplied from 24 shallow-wells by means of steam-
pumping plants. This arrangement originally made to cater for a small
population, because inadequate for the growing needs of the fast developing
city. After the partition of 1947 in particular, the city developed extensively
and the population also increased considerable. The municipality, therefore,
undertook the National water-supply scheme during the Third Five-Year-plan. The
water is now supplied through electrically worked deep tube wells. The daily
discharge of water is 42.45 lakh gallons. Rs. 2,68,525 were spent for laying
mains and sub-mains during 1963-64. The R.C.C. over-head reservoir of lakh
gallon capacity at a cost of Rs. 1,78,838 was completed in 1964-65 to feed
three storeyed buildings. A newly constructed dhobi ghat has got has also been
granted water connection. The municipality has also taken up the work of
installation of tube wells and laying of mains and sub-mains on Samrala Road,
Jail Road, Jawahar Nagar, Industrial areas, Tagore Nagar, Sham Singh Road and
Sukhram Nagar.
Fire Fighting Service.- The municipality maintains an up-to-date fire
brigade with standard equipment. The staff works in three shifts of eight hours
each. A sub-station has been established in the Miller Ganj.
Miscellaneous activities.- As
Ludhiana lacks gardens, the municipality has laid a beautiful garden
near the Head Water Works, named as ‘Nehru Garden’. Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri
Hall, with capacity to accommodate 3,000 persons is also being built at a cost
of Rs. 3 Lakhs.
A
model fruit and Vegetable Market has been constructed at a cost of Rs. 10
lakhs. A fodder market has also market has also been constructed by its side.
The slaughter house is also being shifted to a newly constructed modern style
building outside the city.
The
main sources of income of the municipality are octroi, house tax tahbazari fee,
water-rate, show ax and rent of shops, besides some other miscellaneous
sources.
The
income and expenditure of the municipality during the period 1941-42 to 1956-66
were as under:
|
Year |
Income |
Expenditure |
|
|
Rs. |
Rs. |
|
1941-42 |
3,18,729 |
3,47,061 |
|
1951-52 |
16,10,328 |
15,12,225 |
|
1956-57 |
27,05,624 |
24,69,969 |
|
1961-62 |
48,85,488 |
43,61,901 |
|
1962-63 |
47,18,961 |
48,61,023 |
|
1963-64 |
52,07,746 |
42,23,396 |
|
1964-65 |
66,23,934 |
58,56,666 |
|
1965-66 |
61,72,479 |
68,87,805 |
(Source:
Secretary, Municipal Committee, Ludhiana)
Doraha Municipality :- Doraha fall in Payal sub-tahsil which was
transferred from Patiala district to Ludhiana district on November, 1963.
Doraha
was constituted as small town committee in 1945. The Punjab Municipal Act,
1911, was made applicable to the municipality is 1956 when the erstwhile Pepsu
was merged with erstwhile Punjab. According to the Census of 1961, the
population of the town is 4601.
Doraha
was formed a class III municipality in 1956. the total strength of the members
of the municipal committee as fixed under section 11 of the Punjab Municipal
Act,1811, is 8. The municipal area has been divided into 8 wards. The election
of the municipal committee was last held in 1961.
The
main sources of income of the municipality are taxes and fees such as octroi,
local rate, taxes, fees. Property of local bodies, etc. The income and
expenditure of the municipality, during the period 1954-55 to 1965-66 were as
under :-
|
Year |
|
Income |
Expenditure |
|
|
|
Rs. |
Rs. |
|
1954 –55 |
.. |
69,127 |
1,90,058 |
|
1956-57 |
.. |
77,860 |
76,697 |
|
1961-62 |
.. |
76,097 |
70,299 |
|
1962-63 |
.. |
1,16,360 |
1,05,723 |
|
1963-64 |
.. |
94,421 |
80,031 |
|
1964-65 |
.. |
91,311 |
79,758 |
|
1965-66 |
.. |
96,825 |
1,18,327 |
(Source
: Secretary, Municipal Committee, Doraha).
Jagraon Municipality :
Jagraon was constituted in to a class 11 municipality in 1886. It was reduced to
a Notified Area Committee10 in accordance with the Punjab Municipal
Act. 1911, but was restored to the status of a
class 11 municipality in 1923.
10. Town Area Committees and Notified Area
Committees are at the lowest rung of the ladder. They are miniature, embryonic local authorities. Town area committees are established for
small towns in rural areas excluding agricultural villages. Notified areas are town which are not
considered fit for full municipal institutions. Some portions of the State Municipal Act are applied to them and
their affairs are administered by small nominated committees. In each case, the maximum population level
is 10,000. The powers and functions of
town area committees and notified area committees are limited and the degree of
State control over them is more than in the case of municipalities.
There
are 15 members of the Municipality.
The water works system function in a part of the town. Out of a total cost
of Rs. 7,00,000 incurred by the State Public Health Department, Rs.4,00,000
were contributed
by the municipality for the construction of
the water-works which started giving connections in 1966.
Almost
all the streets in the town are paved and provided with pucca drains on both
sides. The street lighting facility has
been provided through electric bulbs, gases and kerosene oil lanterns. The
municipal park named Lajpat Rai Park was constructed in 1961 at a cost of
Rs.3,000.
For conservancy, 2 sanitary patrols and 74 whole-time sweepers have been
appointed for sweeping the streets and bazars. The refuse and night soil are
deposited in compost pits.
A hospital is run by the municipality. In addition a part time Municipal
Medical Officers of health Inspector of Vaccination and Sanitation and a
Vaccinator have been employed by the municipality.
The main sources of income of the Jagraon municipality are taxes and
fees, such as octroi, house tax, cycle tax, cinema show tax, tahbazari fee,
slaughter house fee, etc.
The income and expenditure of the municipality, during the period 1940-41
to 1965-66, were as under :
|
Year |
Income |
Expenditure |
|
|
Rs. |
Rs. |
|
1941-42 |
70,644 |
67,624 |
|
1951-52 |
2,16,676 |
1,93,841 |
|
1956-57 |
3,73,058 |
3,35,311 |
|
1961-62 |
5,98,134 |
4,01,864 |
|
1962-63 |
4,73,136 |
6,74,591 |
|
1963-64 |
4,74,175 |
4,65,096 |
|
1964-65 |
4,86,363 |
4,54,724 |
|
1965-66 |
5,45,654 |
4,77,997 |
(Source : Secretary,
Municipal Committee, Jagraon).
Raikot Municipality : Raikot
was constituted a class 11 municipality
in 188611. It was reduced to a notified area committee in
accordance with the Punjab Municipal
Act, 1911, and then raise to a small town committee in accordance with the
Punjab Small Towns Act, 1922. On the repeal of the Small Town Act in 1954, it
was re-constituted a Class 11 municipality in 1961, under the Punjab Municipal
Act, 1911.
11. Vide Punjab Government Notification No. 687, dated the 28th September,
1886.
The
Municipal area is divided into 9 wards, out of which 4 form double member
constituencies and 5 single member constituencies12.
12. Vide Punjab Government Notification NO.
2334/L.F.A., dated the 19th April, 1961.
Almost
all the streets of the town are paved. The
old central drains have been replaced by side drains. Street lighting is provided.
A park for women and children has been constructed.
The
Assistant Surgeon, incharge Civil Dispensary, is the Honorary Medical officer
of Health. He is assisted by a Sanitary
Inspector who also attends to the vaccination work.
The
main sources of income of the municipality are house tax, local rate, octroi
and property of local body, etc.
The
income and expenditure of the municipality, during the period 1948-49 to
1965-66, were as under :
Samrala Municipality : Samrala was constituted a small town
committed in 1933, under the Punjab Small Towns Act, 1922. On the repeal of the Act in 1954, this local
body was raised to a Class III municipality.
The Punjab Municipal Act, 1911, was made applicable within the
jurisdiction of this committee from April 1, 1955.
The
municipal area is divided into 9 wards, out of which 2 from double member
constituencies. There are in all 11
members of the municipal committee.
Electric
lighting was provided in the town in 1961.
A regular drainage system has been laid out. The sullage water is pumped out from sullage tanks by means of
electric pumping-sets. A scheme for
piped water-supply has been completed at an estimated cost of Rs. 2,38,953.
Road
links have been consolidated, viz., Samrala-Khanna Road within town limits,
Ludhiana-Chandigarh Road within town limits, and a new link or circular road.
Suitable
arrangements have been made for conservancy and sanitation in the town. A Sanitary Inspector and a Jamadar supervise
the conservancy staff. Another Sanitary
Inspector looked after the public health and the vaccination and re-vaccination
in the town13.
13. A part time Municipal Medical Officer of
Health was appointed from June 15, 1967.
The
main sources of income of the municipality are the usual fees, house tas,
property of local bodies, octroi, etc.
The
income and expenditure of the municipality, during the period 1961-62 to
1965-66, were as under :
|
Year |
Income |
Expenditure |
|
|
Rs. |
Rs. |
|
1961-62 |
1,37,959 |
1,32,704 |
|
1962-63 |
1,46,201 |
1,73,480 |
|
1963-64 |
1,80,484 |
1,74,931 |
|
1964-65 |
3,40,316 |
3,40,408 |
|
1965-66 |
1,98,483 |
1,89,309 |
(Source : Secretary, Municipal
Committee, Smarala)
Khanna Municipality : Headquarters of a petty Sikh chiefship,
Khanna along with its large jagir, lapsed to the Britist in A.D. 1850 on the
death of the last representative of the family named Mai Daian Kaur. Khanna was constituted a Class II
municipality in 188614. It
was reduced to a notified area committee in accordance with the Punjab
Municipal Act, 1911. It was again
raised to the status of a small town committee in 1924 in accordance with the
Punjab Small Town Act, 1922, and restored to a Class II municipality in 1933,-
vide Punjab Government Notification No. 24113, dated
the 22nd September, 1933. The boundaries of the municipality were
specified in 1933, - vide the same Notification No. 3822/C/52/11/3410, dated
the 11th June,. 1952.
14.
Vide Punjab Government Notification No. 687, dated the 28th
September, 1886.
The
municipal committed was superseded in 195215 but was re-constituted
in 1955.16 The last election
was held on May, 31, 196417.
15. Vide Punjab Government
Notification No. 1697-C-52/11-1797, dated the 31st march, 1952.
16. Vide Punjab Government Notification No.
2650-A-I-LFA, dated the 17th June, 1955.
17. The names of
the 15 members (13 General plus 2 Reserve) of the Khanna Municipal Committee, were
notified, - vide Punjab Government Notification No. 2193/LFA, dated the 11th
June, 1964.
The
main sources of income of the municipality are local rate, taxes, fees,
property of local bodies, medical and health, etc.
The
income and expenditure of the municipality, during the period from 1910-11 to
1965-66, were as under :
|
Year |
Income |
Expenditure |
|
|
Rs. |
Rs. |
|
1910-11 |
6,829 |
6,826 |
|
1920-21 |
5,028 |
4,961 |
|
1930-31 |
13,590 |
10,301 |
|
1940-41 |
30,097 |
20,217 |
|
1950-51 |
1,13,579 |
1,23,226 |
|
1951-52 |
1,34,798 |
1,33,694 |
|
1956-57 |
3,67,896 |
3,55,755 |
|
1961-62 |
6,54,161 |
6,42,138 |
|
1962-63 |
10,17,216 |
10,33,828 |
|
1963-64 |
5,39,870 |
4,98,486 |
|
1964-65 |
6,06,725 |
6,95,453 |
|
1965-66 |
10,05,113 |
9,11,664 |
(Source : Secretary, Municipal Committee,
Khanna)
Town
Planning and public health
Town Planning, which promotes healthy living
conditions for the inhabitants, is still in its infancy in the country. The Department of Town and Country Planning,
Punjab, helps and advises the municipal committees and improvement trusts,
wherever these exist, in the preparation of planning schemes which are
regulated under the provisions of the Punjab Municipal Act, 1911, and the
Punjab Town Improvement Act, 1922 respectively.
The
town planning work at Ludhiana was started in 1944. At present (1966) it is looked after by the Assistant Town
Planner, Ludhiana, who is under the control of Divisional Town Planner,
Ludhiana Division, Ludhiana.
Ludhiana
has developed tremendously since 1947.
It has expanded in all directions and quite a few residential colonies
and industrial estates and areas have come up.
Besides
Ludhiana, town planning schemes are being worked out in four other municipal
towns, in the district, viz., Jagraon, Raikot, Samrala and Khanna.
The
Assistant Town Planner, Ludhiana, has to function in a restricted manner. Town Planning is a centralized and
specialised agency and can only advise the municipalities, improvement trusts and
Government on all the matters relating to town planning. It is essentially the functions of
municipalities or improvement trusts to implement the town planning scheme
under Punjab Municipal Act, 1911, and the Punjab Town Improvement Act, 1922.
The
various types of town planning schemes in the towns in the district, sponsored
under various enactments, are as under :
|
(1) |
Town Planning Schemes for unbuilt areas and building schemes for built
up areas under section 192 of the Punjab Municipal Act, 1911. |
|
(2) |
Development and other slum clearance schemes farmed by the Town
Improvement Trusts, |
|
(3) |
Government sponsored schemes, viz.,- |
|
|
(i) Industrial Estates |
|
|
(ii) Industrial Areas |
|
|
(iii) Mandi Development Schemes : |
|
|
(iv) Rahabilitation Schemes,
viz., Model Twonships, 8 Marla Housing Schemes and 4 Marla Housing Schemes,
and |
|
(4) |
Housing Schemes for various Co-operative Housing Societies. |