CHAPTER-XV
EDUCATION AND CULTURE
The district of Patiala comprises the
territories of erstwhile princely States of Patiala, Naba and Kalsia, besides
some villages from the former British territory. In these princely States,
prior to 1860, indigenous system of education was in vogue. Under the
indigenous system, pathshalas, chathshalas, dharamshalas and maktabas were on.
In the pathshalas, religious education relating to Hindu religion was imparted
to the boys of Brahman communit. In the chathshalas or Mahajani reading
schools, lande and accounts were taught to the boys of the trading community.
In Gurmukhi schools, Gurmukhi of Punjabi was taught by the Bhai or pariest of
the gurudwara to the children of the Sikh Community and these schools were
generally located in dharamshals/gurudwaras. The maktabas were the vernacular,
Persian or Arabic schools for the Muslim boys. There were of two kinds the one
where only the Qiram was taught, the other where Arabic was taught. Female
education was looked upon with disfavour. Girls used to learn kashidas and
other needle work i.e. embroidery, sewing, making gloves, hosiery and trouser
string, etc. at home from other women. Women were taught only Gurmukhi, Nagri,
Sanskrit or Arabic according to the their religion Only religious books were
taught to the girls.
Before the reign of Maharaja Narinder
Singh, there was no system of State controlled education in Patiala. The first
State school was opened in Patiala itself in 1860. It was liberally equipped
and made the central school. Maharaja Mohinder Singh, in 1870, created a
regularly organized Educational Department, under a Director assisted by an
Inspector. The teachers in the indigenous schools in the town of Patiala were
taken into the service of the State. Persian remained the only subject of
instruction, and their maktabas became State schools, while existing schools
were similarly taken over or new schools were opened at Samana, Bassi Pathana,
Mansurpur and Sirhind. In 1871 two Deputy Inspectors were appointed and in the
following years, a third was appointed for the supervision of the schools in
the capital and in the tahsil of Patiala. In 1872, the Patiala College was
affiliated to the Calcutta University and boys were first prepared for its
Entrance Examination in 1875. In 1874, the Oriental Section was affiliated to
the Punjab University and Maulvi and Prag classes opened under the newly
inaugurated University system and it had figured in the list of successful
institutions of the Punjab. The success of the school having made it desirable
to provide for higher education, a first Arts class was opened in 1880 and a BA
classe in 1886. In 1873, a Roorkee class was opened and systematic instruction
given to boys for admission to the Overseer and Sub Overseer classes.
Formerly, the Nabha State had no
regular system of education. The first attempt to modernize education in the
state was made by Raja Bharpur Singh. In 1863, he established a school in Nabha
with one teacher in English and another for Arabic and Persion. In 1873, a new
headmaster was appointed to the school, which improved its administration.
Primarly school were opened at Dadahur and Amloh. The Naba school was raised to
the middle standard in 1880. In 1886, Gurmukhi schools, under a special
Superintending Officer, were opened at Jahlan, Dandrala Dhindsa, Alhuraran,
Salana and Mangewal. Students first went to the Punjab University from the
State in 1885. In 1888, the Nabha School was raised to the status of a high
school and its students first appeaed in
the Entrance Examination in 1890. In this year also, a separate
cantonment school was opened, in which English, Gurmukhi, Persian and other
subjects were taught. In 1893, the Nabha high school was raised to college
status, and in 1895 four of its students passed the first Arts Examination. But
in 1898, lack of funds compelled its reversion to the high school. In 1892, a
female teacher of Gurmukhi was appointed at Nabha to teach girls. On the eve of
the formation of PEPSU in 1948, this system of education continue. In 1956, the
PEPSU was merged in the Punjab and the educational pattern of Punjab became
applicable to the Patiala District.
After the partition of the country in
1947, the National Government gave priority to the expansion of education with
the avowed policy of arranging free and compulsory education. The number of
educational institutions increased rapidly and the Punjab Government took a
hold step of provincialising the schools maintained by the local bodies on 1
October, 1957. This step was a landmark n the post independence history of
education. Education has been made free in all
government schools upto the
middle standard. The Compulsory Primary Education Act, 1960, was
promulgated from 1 Paril 1961. In the entire district and as a result of its
implementation, a large number of schools were opened. The number of educational
institutions in the Patiala District as on 30 September, 1988, included 20
colleges, 40 senior secondary schools (10+2 pattern) higher secondary
schools/(old pattern) 187 high schools, 125 middle schools and 1270
primary/junior basic schools.
(b) Literacy
and Educational Standards
The literacy rate of the district as
per 1981 Census was 40.45 per (46.27 for males and 33.70 for females), as
compared to 40.86 per cent (47.16 for males and 33.69 for females), of Punjab state.
According to the 1971 Census, it was 31.46 per cent (37.9 for males and 23.8
for females), as compared 33.67 per cent (40.4 for males and 25.9 for females),
of the Punjab state. The literacy rate, however, showed an increase of 8.99 per
cent during 1971-1981 decade. This may be attributed to the opening of more
educational institutions especially in the rural areas within short distance.
Efforts have also been made for universalisation of primary education by
maximum enrolment of students in schools. Balwadis are also being established
in the villages under the Bal Vikas Programme. As a result of the State
intiative, the numbr of educational institutions rapidly increased in the
district.
The following rable shows the
progress of school education in the Patiala District since 1964-65:
|
Table
showing the progress of school education in the Patiala District for the
period 1964-65, 1969-70, 1975, 1980, 1985 and 1988 |
||||||||||||
|
Type of Institution |
Number
of Institutions |
|||||||||||
|
1964-65 |
1969-70 |
1975* |
1980** |
1985** |
1988** |
|||||||
|
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
|
|
Primary schools |
682 |
-- |
706 |
-- |
985 |
-- |
1270 |
-- |
1270 |
-- |
1270 |
-- |
|
Middle Schools |
52 |
14 |
60 |
13 |
127 |
11 |
134 |
4 |
127 |
4 |
121 |
4 |
|
High
and Higher Secondary Schools Old Pttern, Senior Secondary Schools (10+2
pattern) |
46 |
23 |
24 |
17 |
107 |
26 |
153 |
26 |
181 |
26 |
201 |
26 |
|
Total |
780 |
37 |
790 |
30 |
1219 |
37 |
1557 |
30 |
1578 |
30 |
1592 |
30 |
(Statistical
Abstracts of Punjab 1967, 1973, 1976, 1981, 1986 and 1989)
*As on 15 June
**As on 30
September
Educational Societies Rendering
Services in the Field of Education- Though the main responsibility for
providing the people with educational facilities rests on the State, yet the
various educational societies, missions and philanthropic endowments are also
rendering valuable service to the people in the field of education in the
district. Those important among such societies are mentioned below:
Shir Sanatan Dharam Sabha-This
society is rendering useful service to the people in the field of education in
the district. It is a registered body and is running a number of educational
institutions in the district. SDSE, Senior Secondary School, Patiala, Atma Ram
Kumar Sabha, Senior Secondary School, Patiala, SDKSE Senior Secondary School, Patiala, SD High School (Boys), Nabha, SD
High School (Girls) Nabha, SD Ramlila Pursharthi, Middle School, Nabha and
Hindu Seva Samaj Girls High School, Patiala are managed by the Sabha.
Arya Samaj-The Arya Samaj has
been playing a vital role in the field of education. It is running a number of
educational institutions upto degree level in the district. Besides two
colleges at Rajpura and Patiala, the Arya Samaj is running a large number of
high and senior secondary schools at different places in the district.
Singh Sabha and Other Sikh Societies-These
societies have also played a vital role in the promotion of education in the
district. A large number of educational institutions are being run by these
societies at various places in the district. The most important among these are
Khalsa College, Patiala, Mohindra Kanya Mahavidyala, Patiala, BN Khalsa Senior
Secondary School, Patiala, Dhudial Khalsa Senior Secondary School, Patiala,
Sewak Jatha High School, Patiala and BZFS Khalsa High School, Sirhind.
Jain Sabha-This society is
also rendering useful service to the people in the sphere of education in the
district. It is running RS Jain Public High School, Nabha, SS Jain Girls High
School, Derabassi and S. Jain Girls High School, Patiala in the district.
Christian Mission-The
Christian missionaries have also done a pioneer work in the field of education
in the Patiala District. They are running two schools at Patiala, viz. Lady
Fatma Convent High School and Saint Peter Model School. Both are co-educational
and English medium institutions.
Besides the above societies, a number
of philanthropic and religious associations are running educational
institutions in the district.
Women’s Education-In the
princely States, the education of women remained neglected. It was not favoured
by the parents to send their female wards to the schools. They used to learn
reading and writing from the indigenous institutions according to their
religion. In Patiala Town, some Hindu widows taught the girls and women the
Gita, Ramayana and Vishnu Sahasarnam. It was only in 1892, when a female
teacher was appointed at Nabha to teach the girls. The progress of women
education accelerated after Independence and many voluntary organizations
opened a number of schools for girls. The Compulsory Elementary Education Act,
1960, made it obligatory on parents to send their girls of the age group of 6
and above to schools.
After the Independence, female
education made rapid progress in the district. The introduction of compulsory
primary education also helped much in this respect. More facilities were given
to the girl students and only lady teachers were appointed in the girl’s
schools. As on 30 September 1988, as many as 80799, 6652, 31185, and 18319
girls students were studying in the primary, middle, high and senior secondary
schools, respectively. There were 4 middle schools, 17 high schools and 9
higher secondary schools, for girls in the district on the same date. The
college education among women also got impetus in the district. As a result
thereof, there are 2 colleges exclusively for women, one each at Patiala and
Mandi Gobindgarh in the district.
Education of Scheduled Castes and
Backward Classes-Before Independence, very little efforts were made in the
direction of eradication of illiteracy among the Scheduled Castes and other
Backward Classes. It was only after the Independence that the Government
vigorously directed its policy towards raising general level of literacy among
these castes.
The percentage of Scheduled Castes
population to total population of the district
according to the 1981 Census was 22.12, as against 26.87 for the State.
The literacy rate among Scheduled Castes in the district in 1981 was 20.19 per
cent (27.62 for males and 11.54 for females) as against 23.85 per cent (30.96
for males and 15.66 for females) of the State. The students belonging to the
Scheduled Castes and Backward Classes wholw parents’ annual income does not
exceed Rs. 6000 are allowed free education upto the MA level. Books free of
cost, stipends, and scholarships, exemption from tution fees and reimbursement
of examination fee are also given to the students belonging to these castes in
all institutions including colleges under the various schemes sponsored by the
State and Union Governments. The students belonging to these classes are provided
with reservation of seats in professional and technical institutions. To
prepare the members of these classes for appearing in competitive examination
for the IAS, IPS and other allied services, free board and lodging are provided
at the Zonal Coaching Centre, Patiala. Books free of cost are also given to
students of medical and engineering classes.
The financial assistance given to the
students belonging to the Scheduled Castes and Backward Classes in the
district, during 1981-82 to 1988 is given below:
|
Year |
Scheduled
Castes |
Backward
Classes |
||
|
Stipends (Rs) |
Number of student
benefited |
Stidents (Rs) |
Number of students
benefited |
|
|
1981-82 |
701007 |
10245 |
1737257 |
15038 |
|
1982-83 |
985133 |
10031 |
1628248 |
15116 |
|
1983-84 |
715231 |
10866 |
2112649 |
15087 |
|
1984-85 |
989109 |
11483 |
1648516 |
15487 |
|
1985-86 |
1056180 |
13906 |
1760300 |
15720 |
|
1986-87 |
1704540 |
13410 |
2425400 |
16569 |
|
1987-88 |
1708374 |
15043 |
2310202 |
19124 |
|
1988-89 |
1914035 |
16205 |
2212033 |
19445 |
(Source:
District Education Officer (Secondary) Patiala.
The number of Scheduled Castes
students in different schools in the district, as on 30 September 1988, was as
under:
|
Type of
Institution |
Number of
scheduled castes students |
||
|
Total |
Boys |
Girls |
|
|
Primary/ Junior Basic |
51765 |
29896 |
21869 |
|
Middle/ Senior Basic |
2453 |
1787 |
666 |
|
High/ Post Basic |
13136 |
8859 |
4277 |
|
Senior Secondary Schools (Higher
Secondary 10+2) High Secondary (Old pattern) |
3688 |
2208 |
1480 |
(Source: District Education Officer (Secondary) Patiala.
Medium of Instruction- With
the view to solving the language problem in the State, the government worked
out the Three Language Formula to satisfy all sections of the people, which
replaced the Sachar Formula of 1949. Under the Three Language Formula, Punjabi
has been made the first language and the medium of instruction in government
schools at all levels, while Hindi has been made compulsory from the third
class and English from the sixth class. The privately managed schools have been
given the option to retain Punjabi or Hindi as medium of instruction. The
schools which adopt Hindi as the medium of instruction are required to teach
Punjabi as a compulsory language. This solution evolved by the government has
gone a long way in solving the language problems in the State. It has ensured
compulsory instruction in Punjabi in all the schools and has enabled the Hindi
medium schools to continue teaching through that medium and, as such,the entire
schools going population in the State has become conversant with both the
languages. The status of English language has also been recognized as it is an
international language.
Educational set up- At the
district level, the District Education Officer (Secondary), Patiala is
controlling and supervising all middle, high and higher secondary schools in
the district. He functions under the control of the Director of Public Instructions
(Secondary Schools) Punjab, through the Circle Education Officer, Nabha. He is
assisted by 2 Deputy District Education Officers, 1 District Science
Supervisor, 1 Administrative Officer, 1 Accounts Officer, 1 Section Officer, 3
Superintendents, 1 Guidance Counsellor, 1 Assistant Education Officer (Sports),
11 Assistants, besides Class-III and miscellaneous Class-IV staff. With the
separation of primary wing on 1 April 1978, the control of the primary schools
has been entrusted to the District Education Officer (Primary), who functions
under the administrative control of the Director of Public Instructions
(Primary Schools). He is assisted by 1 Deputy District Education Officer, 22 Block Primary Education Officers
including one at headquarters, one Superintendent Grade-I , 5 Assistants,
besides other Class-III and Class-IV staff.
Pre-Primary Schools-Pre primary
education caters to the need of children in the age group of 3-6 years. A
systematic pre-primary education is of recent origin. It is highly desirable
for the physical, emotional and intellectual development of children. The
objective of providing facilities for elementary education in all villages with
a population of 500 has been achieved, and now efforts are being made to provide
these facilities in the villages having smaller population. A number of nursery
and model schools (Government and private) are functioning in the district.
Lady Circle Supervisors and Block Development Authorities also run nursery
schools or balwadies with the cooperation of village Mahila Mandals and
Panchayats.
Primary and Basic Schools-The
course of primary education covers children of age group 6-11 years and
consists of five classes i.e. I to V class. Free primary education was
introduced in the State during the Third Five Year Plan (1961-66) in the age
group of 7-8 in 1962-63, 8-9 in 1963-64, 9-10 in 1964-65 and 10-11 in 1965-66.
As a step towards free and compulsory universalization of primary education,
all revenue villages in the district have been provided with primary schools by
1976-77. Special incentives such as supply of free text books and mid day meals
are given to he children belonging to weaker sections of the society.
The total number of primary/basic
primary schools, both government and private in the district as on 30 September
1988 was 1270 with 176482 (95683 boys and 80799 girls) students. The number of
teachers in these schools, was 4416 (1717 males and 2699 females) on the same
date.
Secondary Schools-There is an
all round expansion in the field of education in the district. The increase in
the number of children / scholars in primary schools due to the introduction of
compulsory education has engouraged the enrolment drive in the middle, high and
higher secondary schools. During the Sixth Five Year Plan (1980-81 to 1984-85),
the Central Government laid more emphasis on cent per cent enrolment of
children of age group 11-14 years. To meet the urgent demand for high classes,
a number of middle schools have been upgraded and few high schools have been
opened under the scheme ‘Expansion of Educational Facilities-Age group 14-17’.
Physical education has been made a compulsory subject in the schools. Besides,
some new subjects such as music and dancing having been introduced in some of
the government girl’s high schools.
At the secondary stage, there were 40
(31 for boys and 9 for girls) senior secondary schools / higher secondary
schools, 187 (170 for boys and 17 for girls) high schools and 125 (121 for boys
and 4 for girls) middle schools in the district, as on 30 September 1988. The
total number of scholars studying in the miadde, high and senior secondary
schools / higher secondary schools were 16009 (9357 boys and 6652 girls). 75649
(44469 boys and 31185 girls) and 44385 (26066 boys and 18319 girls),
respectively, as on 30 September 1988. The total number of teachers in the
middle, high and senior secondary schools / higher secondary schools in the
district were 991 (594 males and 397 females), 2993 (1512 males and 1481 females)
and 1345 (595 males and 750 females) respectively.
Higher Education- The origin
of the post matric education in the present district of Patiala can be traced
back to the seventries of the ninteeth century when Government Mahindra College
was established at Patiala. As on 30 September 1988, there were 12 colleges
(Arts and Science) and 1 commerce College functioning in the district. In these
colleges, instructions upto degree level are imparted. A few of them also run
+2 medical and +2 non medical courses, B.Sc. (Home Science) and MA classes.
All these colleges are affiliated to
the Punjabi University, Patiala. A brief account of the various colleges
functioning in the district is given below:
1.
Government Mohindra College, Patiala- It is one of the
oldest and leading institutions of Northern India. This college was started as
a State school in 1860 by Maharaja Narinder Singh. It was the only degree
college between Delhi and Lahore which attracted students from all over the
country. It was upgraded to college level and named as Mohindra College. In
1874, it was first affiliated to the Calcutta University and latter on to the
Punjab University in 1882. The college provided instruction upto FA and BA
Classes were started in 1887. In 1912, MA in Mathematics and Science classes
were started. With the establishment of Punjabi University at Patiala in 1962,
this college came under its jurisdiction.
At
present, the college prepares students for +2 classes (Arts and Science
Groups),Three Year Degree Course in Arts and Science and MA in History,
Political Science, Punjabi and Hindi and Economics. Honours classes in the
subjects of Economics, Political Science and History are also held in the
college. Besides, course in career wing
has also been started. Training in National Cadet Corps and National Service
Scheme is also imparted. Anumber of cultural and literary
societies/associations are functioning
in the college. A sports wing has been established by the government in
this college. The college possesses extensive play grounds. The college
maintains a well stocked library, laboratories, an auditorium , hostel,
dispensary, swimming pool and boxing ring. The college brings out annually its
magazine named Mohindra.
2. Government Ripudaman College, Nabha-This college was
started in 1946, in the memory of late Maharaja Ripudaman Singh, It is a
co-educational institution.
The
college provides instructions in +2 classes (Arts and Science), Three Year
Degree Courses leading to BA and B.Sc. classes and MA in English, Economics and
Political Science. The college also provides training under the National Cadet
Corps and ational Service Scheme. A library, a hostel and a dispensary are
being maintained by the college. A number of cultural and literary societies /
clubs are functioning in the college. It brings out its annual magazine named
Lilly.
The
number of the students on the rolls of the college, during 1988-89 was 1178.
3. Government College for Women, Patiala- The college was
founded in 1951. It is the only institution of the Punjabi University catering
to post graduate studies in Fine Arts, Dance, M.Sc. Foods and Nutrition and
Diploma in Dietetics. The college provides courses in +2 classes (Fine Arts and
Humanities Group), Three Year Degree Course (Arts), MA in Music and Fine Arts,
M.Sc. Foods and Nutrition and Diploma in Dietetics. The college has a hostel, a
library and swimming pool. A number of associations and Vidiyarthi Council, and
Sports Wing are functioning in the college. Shivam Sundram is the title of the
magazine which the college brings out annually.
In
1988-89, the number of students on the rolls of the college was 1884.
1.
Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib (Sirhind)-This college was
established in 1959. It prepares students for +2 classes (Humanities and Science
Groups), Three Year Degree Course in Science and Arts faculties and MA in
Economics. Training in National Cadet Corps and the National Service Scheme is
also given. A number of societies and clubs are functioning in the collage. The
college has a well stocked library, a hostel, play grounds and canteen. The
collage brings out annually a magazine named Fatehgarh.
The
number of students on the rolls of the collage during 1988-89 was 740.
4. General Shivdev Singh, Diwan Gurbachan
Singh Khalsa College, Patiala-The college was started in 1960 in
Gurudwara Dukh Niwaran Sahib by the Khalsa College Council. It was shifted to
its present premises in 1973.
The college prepares students for the +2
classes (Humanities and Science Groups) and Three Year Degree Course in Science
and Arts faculties. Training in National Cadet Corps and National Service
Scheme is also provided. A number of cultural and literary societies are also
functioning in the college. It has produced sports men and women of National
and International levels. In Cycling, 5 students of this college represented
India in 1970 Asian Games. In Hockey, the girl students of this college
represented India in the Moscow Olympics 1980. the college brings out its
magazine The Patiala annually.
The number of students on the rolls of
the college, during 1988-89 was 278.
6. Government Kirti College, Nial Pattran
(Patiala)- This college was
established in July 1968, as a private college and was affiliated to the Punjab
University, Chandigarh. It was taken over by the State Government in September
1974 and renamed accordingly. It came under the jurisdiction of Punjabi
University, Patiala in 1969. The college prepares students for +2 classes and
the Three Year Degree Course in Arts faculties. Training in the National Cadet
Corps and the National Service Scheme is also given. A number of literary and
cultural societies function in the collage. The college also brings out
annually a magazine named Ranghun.
In
1988-89, here were 262 students on the rolls of the college.
7. JLN College for Women, Mandi Gobindgarh-
This college was established in July 1968 by the Municipal Committee, Mandi
Gobindgarh. It was taken over by the State Government in March, 1976.
The
college offers instruction in +2 classes (Humanities) and Three Year Degree
Course in B.A. The college also provides training in National Cadet Corps and
National Service Scheme.The college has a hostel, a library, reading room, a
dispensary and residential accommodation for staff members. A number of
cultural and literary societies function in the college to promote healthy
growth of personality among the girl students. It brings out its magazine
Gyanakshu once a year.
The
number of students on the rolle of the college, during 1988-89 was 249.
8. Gurmat
College, Patiala- The college was started in 1968 to promote the study
of religion, culture, and civilization. It is the only institution for the
teaching and research of religious education in the country. It imparts
instructions in comparative study of religions leading to MA Degree.
The college has a library, named as
Gurmat Library, having 10000 books on different religions for research and
study. It has a hostel only for boys. The college has 20 seats only. Every
student is granted a scholarship of Rs. 250 per month by the management of Guru
Nanak foundation, New Delhi.
The number of students on the rolles of
the college, during 1988-89 was 12.
9. Public College, Samana- The Public
College, Samana was established in August, 1969. It is a co-educational
institution. The college offers instructions in +2 classes. (Humanities and Commerce Groups), Three Year Degree
Course in B.A. and B.Com. and Honours Classes in Punjabi. The college has
arrangements for the National Cadet Corps and National Service Scheme. In order
to develop the talents of the students, a number of cultural and literary
societies have been formed in the college. A library and a dispensary are being
maintained by it. It is worthwhile to mention here that blood donation camps
are regularly held in the college and it has been adjudged first in the Punjabi
Unviersity for blood donation. The college brings out its magazine Gian Gost
annually.
The
number of students on the rolls fo the college during 1989-89 was 670.
10. Patel Memorial National College, Rajpura-
The college was established in July 1966. It imparts instructions in +2 classes
(Arts, Science and Commerce), Three Year Degree Course in B.A. and B.Com.
The
college has well equipped science laboratories and a library. It has
arrangements for National Cadet Corps and National Service Scheme. A number of
cultural and literary societies are functioning in the college. The college has
extensive play grounds. It brings out its magazine named Unmukt annually.
The
number of students on the rolls fo the college during 1989-89 was 841.
11. Multani Mal Modi College, Patiala-This
college was founded in July 1967 by Gujjar Mal Modi in the memory of his father
Seth Multani Mal Modi, a great philanthropist and patron of education.
The
college imparts education in Humanities, Commerce and Science upto the degree
level. It has started M.A. in Hindi from the session 1982-83. A number of
cultural and literary societies are functioning in the college. The training in
the National Cadet Corps and National Service Scheme, is also imparted.The
college has arrangements for all games and possesses extensive play grounds. It
maintains library, well equipped laboratories, canteen and cycle stand. An
important feature of the college is the wall magazine which promotes te
creative activity of budding, writers, photographers artists, etc. It brings
out its annual magazne named The Luminary.
The
number of students on the rolls fo the college during 1989-89 was 1785.
12. Government College, Dera Bassi (Patiala)-
This college was established in September, 1974 and its first session was
started in July 1975. The college imparts instructions in the +2 classes
(Humanitiies and Commercial Groups) and Three Year Degree Course in Arts and
Commerce. A number of cultural and literary societies are functioning in the
college. Training in National Service Scheme is provided. There is also a
Vocational Guidance Bureau functioning in the college. The college brings out
its magazine Vidya Pardeep annually.
The
number of students on the rolls fo the college during 1989-89 was 420.
13. Government
Bikram College of Commerce, Patiala- The college
was established in 1945 by the the Maharaja of Faridkot in the memory of his
father Maharaja Bikram Singh. It was shifted to Patiala in 1955. It is one of
the oldest institutions in the field of commerce.
The
college offers instructions in Three Year Degree Course in B.Com. (Pass and
Honours) and M.Com Banking. It has a well stocked library, a hostel, play
grounds and a dispensary. A number of cultural and literary societies/clubs are
functioning in the college. The students are also given training in National
Cadet Corps and National Service Scheme in the college. The college brings out
annually a magazine, named the Bikram.
The
number of students on the rolls fo the college during 1989-89 was 390.
Punjabi
University, Patiala- The Punjabi University, Patiala was
established under the Punjabi University Act, 1961. It was formally inaugurated
by Dr. S.Radhakrishanan, the then President of India in June 1961. This
University is the first in India to be named after a regional language and the
second in the word. It is situated on Patiala Rajpura Road about 7 KM from the
Patiala City. Its campus is spread over 316 acres of land having several buildings like Guru Gobind Singh Bhawan,
Guru Tegh Bahadur Hall, Punjabi Bhawan, Central Library, 10 acts and science
teaching blocks, 6 hostels (4 for boys and 2 for girls) health center, guest
house, faculty club, students’ complex, and residential accommodation for the
staff.
The
establishment of Punjabi University was acclaimed as a major landmark in the
cultural progress of Punjabi speaking people. One of the foremost tasks it was
assigned to promote Punjabi studies, to provide for research in Punjabi
Literature, to undertake measures for the development of Punjabi language, and
to progressively adopt it as a medium of instruction and examination for as man
subject as possible.
The
Punjabi University is the first University is the first University in the
country to open a department of religion, viz., Guru Gobind Singh Department of
Religious Studies embracing the study of major world religions such as
Budhhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, and Sikhism. It is also the
first University in the coutry to start imparting instruction though the medium
of regional language by correspondence.
To
being with, Punjabi University was established as a residential teaching University
and had within its jurisdiction 9 colleges located in Patiala city. This number
rose to 54 (1988) after its status was changed to that of residential cum
affiliating University in 1969 and colleges in the districts of Rupnagar,
Patiala, Sangrur and Bathinda and in Faridkot Tahsil of Faridkot district was
affiliated to it.
In
1962 the University had 6 teaching and 2 research departments, the number rose
to 36 teaching and 12 research, correspondence courses and special departments
in 1988. In addition, the University has a Regional Centre at Bathinda. Evening
classes in Law are conducted in Patiala City. Teaching departments of the
University run courses leading to Master’s, and M.Phil degrees; a few of them
offer bachelor’s degree courses also. Most of the departments provide research
facilities for Ph.D. degree, M.Phil courses in a few subjects are offered
through correspondence as well.
The
University has a Zonal IAS Training Centre for the coaching of students of
Scheduled Castes and Backward Classes for various competitive examinations.
(d)
Professional and Technical Education
Teachers’
Training- The changing trends in education make it necessary to
help teachers at all levels of instructions to refresh their knowledge and keep
abreast of the latest teaching concepts and practices. With the rising rate of
enrolment of pupils between 6 to 11 years, shortage of primary school teachers
appeared imminent. To counteract this, the government reopened the unior basic
training schools for teachers. In teaching of languages, the significant
achievement of the Education
Department, during1974-75 , was the starting of O.T. Classes (Hindi and
Punjabi) in the Government Colleges of Education at Patiala, Jalandhar and
Faridkot. The Government have taken concrete stepsto rationalize the system of
education so that educated people may find better employment. The State Bureau
of Educational and Vocational Guidance has organized oriented and guidance
courses for masters and counsellers. Guidance weeks are organized in Patiala,
Jalandhar and Amritsar districts. In addition to providing kits to primary and
middle schools, the State Institute of Science Education has also organized in
service courses for primary and middle school teachers at district and State
level. Basic sciences have been introduced progressively in more primary and
middle schools. The Education Department supplements the efforts of the Punjab
Agricultural University in its own way by introduction of this subject at the
school stage. Selected teachers are annually deputed to undergo intensive
courses in agriculture at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. There
is only one college providing teachers’ training in the district, namely
Government College of Education, Patiala. A brief account of this college is
given below:
Government
College of Education, Patiala- Government College of Education (originally
State College of Education), Patiala was established by the PEPSU Government in
1955. The foundation stone of its building was laid by the then Chief Minister
of PEPSU and first session of the college was inaugurated on 28 September 1956.
In the
beginning, various courses such as B.T/ B.Ed. M.Ed., JBT, O.T. (Punjabi, Hindi
and Sanskirt) and Diploma in Arts and Craft were started in the college. The
dream of the PEPSU Government to develop the college into a University was
shattered after the merger of PEPSU with Punjab on 1 November 1956. M.Ed.
(Evening) classes were also started in 1964, but were discontinued after 3
years. JBT Courses was discontinued in 1970 and O.T. in 1978. Similarly, the
number of seats of B.Ed. course was also slashed down to 150. The college got
further shrunken when its building was divided and given to in service training
center and Government Bikram College of Commerce. A number of cultural
association/clubs are functioning in the college.
The
college has a library, two hostels (one for boys and one for girls) and vast
play grounds. The Education Record is the title of the magazine which the
college brings out annually.
The
number of students on the rolls of the college during 1988-89 was 182 and 21 in
B.Ed. and M.Ed. respectively.
Pandit
Jawahar Lal Nehru State Institute of Rule Development, Nabha- This
institute was started under the name of Gram Sewak Training Centre in 1952 to
impart training to the multipurpose workers, i.e. village level workers working
at village level. It was upgraded in April 1987 and renamed Pandit Jawahar Lal
Nehru State Institute of Rural Development to cater to the training needs of higher
officers related to rural development.
In
order to train the Gram Sevikas prior to joining their duties in the field and
other associate women workers, the Home Economics Wing was established in the
center in 1955. A workshop wing was added in 1957 to train rural youths in
various professional skills like carpentary, blacksmithy, rural electrification
farm mechanic, etc. Two training courses have been conducted for the newly
recruited Block Development and Panchayat Officers under the job training course.
The
number of persons trained in the institute under various courses, viz. Block
Development and Panchayats Officers, Gram Sewakas and Gram Sevikas during the
year 1985-86, 1986,87, 1987-88 and 1988-89 were 561, 465, 497 and 372 respectively.
College
for Physical Education and National Institute of Sports- To provide
training facilities in physical
education, a college of physical education was established at Lahore (Pakistan)
before partition in 1947. Unfortunately after partition, there was no institution
in Northern India to impart training in physical education. To meet the growing
need of Physical Education Teachers short term training courses of six months
were organized at Tara Devi (Simla Hills).
Netaji
Subhash National Institute of Sports, Patiala- Established by the
Government of India in 1961, the Netaji Subhash National Institute of Sports
(NIS), Patiala has been serving the cause of sports in the country. ‘NIS-Sports
Headquarters of India’, besides training its own sportsmen, the NIS imparts
training to foreign coaches in different sports discipline. It has extensive ,
well laid out play fields and grounds and a lot of covered accommodation spread
over about 250 acres of land.
The
aim and objects of the institute are; to produce coaches of higher caliber; to
help to raise the technical competence of the existing coaches, to serve as
center where greatest possible information about sport is concentrated; to
render assistance to sport bodies in talent hunt and training of upcoming sportsmen
through its Regional Coaching Centres, SNIPES Field Stations and Universities;
to polish the National Teams before their participation in international
events; to publish literature in the field of sports; to conduct certificate
courses for Physical Education teachers, etc. The institute also organizes
seminars, conferences, clinics and tournaments, aids Afro-Asian countries in
the training of their personnel as choaches; awards scholarships to students
studying at secondary stage, college/universities and rural youth proficient in
sports. It functions as the Secretariat of Asian Track and Field Coaches
Association. Asian Track and Field Statistical Research Centre, Indian
Association of Sports, Medicine and Athletic Coaches’ Association of India. The
Institute also imparts counsel to ISI and sports manufacturers in standardizing
sports equipment and imports specialized equipment not available indigenously;
helps Nehru Yuvak Kendras broad-basing sports and implements; Rural Sports
Programme on behalf of the Union Ministry of Education and Social Welfare;
Organises National Sports Championships for women on behalf of the Department
of Sports and runs IAFF coaching course for Asian Coaches.
The
NIS has a cadre of about 1100 coaches which includes several former
international and national champions. Most of the coaches in senior grade are
trained in USSR, Federal Republic of German and German Democratic Republic.
Some of NIS coashes are rendering useful service in countries like Nepal,
Mauritius, Nigeria, Afghanistan, Jamaica etc.
The
institute is staffed by highly qualified teachers and coaches. It runs training
training courses in Master’s Course (22 Months’duration; July to April),
Regular Course** (10 Months’ duration; July to April) and Certificate Course (6
Weeks’ duration; May to June and Refresher Course ( For inseservice coaches).
The students found fit after athorough physical and medical examination are
admitted in the institute. Candidates from foreign countries are admitted
provided they fulfill the requirements for admission.
*At Patiala, courses in Athletics, Basketball, Hockey,
Football, Volly-ball, Gymnastic and Wrestling are run.
**Facilities for regular courses are available at NIS,
Patiala, for Athletics, Badminton, Boxing, Cycling, Football, Gymnastics,
Hockey, Handball, Judo, Table Tennis, Swimming, Basketball, Volleyball,
Wrestling and /Weightlifting.
The Institute is residential and the
students are required to stay in the hostel. There are separate hostels for men
and women students. A new hostel named after hockey wizard Late Maj Dhyan Chand
is primarily meant to accommodate the National and International players
attending various camps conducted by the NIS. Besides, there is a 240 beded
Yadvindra Hostel to accommodate the trainees. The Institute has a health
center, canteen and audio visual aids. Scholarships/stipends are awarded by the
Central and Punjab Government to students belonging to the Scheduled
Castes/Tribes, Backward Classes economically poor and deserving students. NIS
has a fine sports library and National Sports Museum.
One year post graduate Diploma Course
(post MBBS) in Sports Medicine (DSM) was commenced in September 1986. For this,
the faculty of sports science is affiliated with Punjabi University, Patiala.
The number of students on the rolls of the NIS Patiala during 1988-89 was 318.
Government College of Physical
Education, Patiala-The Punjab Government established a
college of Physical Education at Rupnagar in October, 1952. It functioned at
Rupnagar from 1952 to 1958 and was shifted to the present site at Patiala in
1958.
The
Government College for Physical Education, Patiala is the only institution of
its kind in India, which offers facilities for all levels, from Certificate
Course to Masters’ Degree in Physical Education. The college offers instruction
in Certificate in Physical Education (C.P.Ed), Bachelor of Physical Education
(B.P.Ed) Degree in Physical Education and M.P.Ed. The students are also given
training in National Cadet Corps and National Service Scheme in the college.
The college takes keen interest in providing games and sports facilities to the
students. A number of cultural and literary societies are functioning in the
college. The college brings out its magazine The Physical Education Journal
annually.
The
number of students on the rolls of the collage during 1988-89 was 369 (250 boys
and 119 girls).
Medical
Education-As regards facilities for medical education available in the
district, there are Government Medical College and Government Ayurvedic College
at Patiala. Both are affiliated to the Punjabi University, Patiala. A brief
account of these institutions is given below:
Government
Medical College Patiala-The college was started by the PEPSU Government in
October 1953. The building of the college is very well designed, keeping in
view the modern trends of medical education. It consists of an administrative
block and self contained blocks for the departments of Anatomy, Physiology,
Pathology and Pharmacology. The college maintains a well stocked library for
the use of students and staff members.
Rejendra
Hospital, Patiala with 907 beds was attached to the college in early 1954. The
hospital is equipped with all the latet apparatus and instruments to make it
fit for imparting clinical teaching to thestudents. Two well designed and
spacious and well lighted lecure theatres equipped with arrangements for
epidiascopes projections and audio visual aids are provided on the hospital
side in addition to four lecture theatres of similar design on college side,
one each in the four basic departments. A Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases
Hospital with a capacity of 161 beds and primary helath centers at Bhadson,
Kauli and Tripuri are attachd with this college for teaching purpose.
The
college is affiliated to Punjab University, Patiala for MBBS, BDS, DOMS, DCH,
DGO, DOVD, DA, DLO, DTCD, D.Ortho and Diploma in Pharmacy classes. Facility for
Post Graduate Training leading to MD/MH degree, exist in almost basic and
clinical subjects as well as for Mech (Plastic Surgery), Post graduate training
and research course to the doctors in the employment of the Punjab Government
to enable them to cross efficiency in their time scales is also provided in
this college.
There
are three hostels, two for boys and one for girls in the collage. In addition
to this, there is one hostel in Rajendra Hospital attached to this college, for
Interns/House Surgeons. The college has a very spacious auditorium, extensive
play ground and an open air theatre. The college has its own gas and water
supply.
The
number of students on the rolls of the collage during 1988-89 was 1085.
Government
Ayurvedic College, Patiala- It was in early 1920’s that the then Maharaja
of Patiala established an Ayurvedic School at Patiala. This institution became
a nucleus of activities in the field of Ayurvedic education and research in
India. In 1952, this school was upgraded to an Ayurvedic college and named as
Government Ayurvedic College, Patiala. It has gradually developed into a full
fledged institution having facilities to impart education at graduate
(Pre-Ayurveda leading to BAMS Ayurvedacharya Course) and Post Graduate, MD
Ayurveda (Ram Shastra, Bhaishaj Kalpana Sepciality and Dravyaguna Speciality)
level. The college is affiliated to the Punjabi University, Patiala.
An
Ayurvedic hospital is attached to this college for imparting clinical training
to students. The hospital has adequate indoor and outdor facilities. It has 105
beds to cater to the needs of patients which are treated under different
specialities. Training in identification of herbs is provided to the students
by the Dravyaguna department where medicines of natural growth are sown in the
college grounds and in adjoining areas. Study tours are also arranged to the
areas of rich growth. Practical training in preparation of medicines is
provided in the Government Central Ayurvedic Pharmacy which is attached to this
college. This institution thus aims at providing such a training to the
students so as to produce graduates who can disseminate the knowledge of
Ayurveda by attaching profound knowledge of Ayurveda. The college has a well
equipped library with over ten thousand books. There are two hostels (one each
for boys and girls) in the college.
During 1988-89 there were 195 students
on the rolls of the collage.
Technical Education-Technical
Education plays an important role in the industrial development of the country.
With advancement in the field of Science and technology, the general education
is required to have distinct technical and scientific base. The district has
one institution in this field, viz. Thapar Institute of Engineering and
Technology, Patiala. A brief account of this institute is given below:
Thapar
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala- The foundation of Thapar
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patial resulted from the keen desire
of Late Lala Karam Chand Thaper to establish an engineering institute in his
home State. This was accomplished through the Patiala Technical Educational
Trust which was formed under his chairmanship in 1955 after negotiations with
the former PEPSU State. Classes were first started on 8 October 1956 in a
building allotted temporarily by the PEPSU Government. The foundation stone of
the Institute on the present site was laid by the then President of India on 9
April1956 and the Institute shifted to the present building in August 1957. The
Institute was started with the object of providing technical education at
Diploma, Degree and post graduate levels as well as for promoting industrial
and scientific research. It has developed to an extent that it has attained the
status of an Institution deemed to be a University.
The Institute offers academic programme
at the graduate level leading to Bachlor of Engineering (B.E) Degree and the
Post graduate level leading to Master of Engineering (M.E) and Master of
Computer Applications (MCA) Degree and the Doctor of Philosphy (Ph.D) Degree. The
graduate programme currently offered include Civil Engineering, Electrical
Engineering, Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Mechanical
Enginering and Industrial Engineering (Ccoperative). The post graduate
programmes are in Structural Engineering, Environment Engineering, Power and
Machines, Computer Science, Heat Power Engineering and Industrial Engineering.
The Institute is located in a
picturesque 250 acre campus on the outskirts of Patiala City. During the past
30 years, the Institute has developeda strong infrastructure for teaching and
research in terms of faculty, non teaching staff laboratories, class rooms,
library , computer center, computer resources center, hostel for students ,
swimming pool, auditorium and staff residence.
A number of literary and cultural societies function in the college. It
brings out its magazine Thaparian annually.
The number of students on the rolls of
this institute during 1988-89 was 83550 and 88 in the B.E., M.E. and MCA
respectively.
In addition to above, six Industrial
Training Institutes for boys are functioning in the district at Patiala, Banur,
Lalru, Rajpura, Nabha and Bassi Pathana and one Industiral Training Institute
for girls at Patiala. Besides, three Industrial Training Schools for girls are
functioning at Nabha, Derabssi and Sirhind. In these institutes/centers,
students are prepared for diploma/certificate courses in civil, mechanical and
electrical engineering and various trades/crafts such as welding, carpentary,
fitting, turnery, blacksmity, stenography, radio and television mechanic,
refrigeration mechanic, electricion, wireman, draftsmanship, etc. The girls
students are taught crafts like tailoring, cutting, hand embroidery, machine
embroidery, needle work etc.
Detailed particulars of these Industrial
Training Institutes / Centres in the Patiala District have been given in
Chapter V Industries.
The
main objective of imparting physical education is to make child physically fit,
mentally alert and morally sound. In order to improve physical efficiency of
the youth, the Punjab State has introduced Physical Education Scheme in all its
districts. It has been made a compulsory subject in all the middle and
high/higher secondary schools of the State since 1974. Under this scheme, one
Physical Training Instructor is attached to each of the middle, high/higher
secondary schools for organizing it. In the colleges, physical education is
directed and guided by the Director of Physical Education. Special emphasis is
given to promote physical education and inculcate the spirit of Sportsmanship
by cultivating interest of the youth students in games. Younger children are taught action songs,
motion stories, etc. Government funds are allocated to the schools for purchase
of equipment for the games. Schools are also given grants to buy land for the
play grounds. The development of sports in the State is the responsibility of
the Department of Sorts, the Punjab State Sports Council and the Punjab
Panchayati Raj Khed Parishad. To coordinate the activities of these
organisatons, an Apex body, viz. Punjab State Ports Development Board has been
set up since June 1982.
Beside
the above, the following schemes under separate departments also promote the
cause of physical education:
(i)
Promotion of sports and games by the State Sports
Deparmtnet
(ii)
National Fitness Corps sponsored by the Government of
India
(iii)
National Cadet Corps
(iv)
Bharat Scouts and Guides
(i) Promotion of Sports and Games-
Keeping in view the mportance of sports, the Punjab Government created in 1961
an independent department for the development of sports, called the Sports
Department Punjab. The Government appointed players of national and
internationa fame as Sports Oficers. At the district level, the department is
represented by the District Sports Oficer, Patiala. He is assisted by 8 Sports
Officers, 12 Junior Sports Officers, 4 NIS Coaches and other miscellaneous
Class-III and Class-IV staff. Besides, there are two sub centers in the
district one each at Nabha and Fatehgarh Sahib, which are headed by a Sports
Officer and a Junior Sports Officer, respectively.
The main functions of the departments
are to provide training facilities in sports to the students and sportsmen of college,
schools, private institutions, etc. according to their requisitions. In
general, the training is given twize a day in the District Stadium and in
schools and colleges. The department is making strenuous efforts to promote
sports talent in all part of the State. It conducts off season conditioning
camps, and terms are put on special training before their participation in
national, inter state and Inter University competitions. The department also
awards scholarships to the distinguished players, besides giving grants for the
development of play grounds. During 1985-86 1 Footbal, 1 Gymnastic, 1
Volleyball, 1 Basketball, 1 Juddo, 1 Handball, 1 Atheletic, 1 Hockey, 1 Kho
Kho, 2 swimming, Coaching Centres were functioning at Patiala. Two Sub Coaching
Centres, one each at Nabha and Tatehgarh Sahib are also functioning. Besides,
some Coaching Centres are functioning in the schools and colleges in the
district to provide choaching to the players. Swimming pools are maintained at
Government Mohindra College, Patiala, Thapar Institute of Engineering, Patiala,
Government College for Women Patiala, one at Nabha and one by army authorities
at Patiala.
The following State and District Sports
Associations/ Organisations were functioning in the district during 1985-86:
Punjab Sport Associations
1. The
Punjab Cricket Association, Patiala
2. The
Punjab weight Lifting Association, Patiala
3. The
Punjab Archery Association, Patiala
4. The
Punjab Cycle Polo Association, Patiala
5. The
Punjab Cycling Association, Patiala
6.
The PEPSU Hockey (Men) Association, Patiala
1. The
District Athletic Association, Patiala
2. The
District Archery Association, Patiala
3. The
District Badminton Association, Patiala
4. The
District Basketball Association, Patiala
5. The
District Cricket Association, Patiala
6. The
District Cycle Polo Association, Patiala
7. The
District Cycling Association, Patiala
8. The
District Football Association, Patiala
9. The
District Gymnastic Association, Patiala
10. The
District Hockey Association, Patiala
11. The
District Kho Kho Association, Patiala
12. The
District Judo Association, Patiala
13. The
District Lawns Tennis Association, Patiala
14. The
District Swimming Association, Patiala
15. The District
Table Tennis Association, Patiala
16. The
District Wrestling Association, Patiala
17. The
District Weight Lifting Association, Patiala
District Olympic
Association Patiala
This
association has been functioning in the district since 1948. It controls all
the sports associations in the district. Its objectives are to promote,
organize, control and co-ordinate sports and games activities in the district.
The Deputy Commissioner, Patiala is the exofficio Present of the Association.
The other members of the Association are elected.
An
important function of this Association is to give financial help to the other
sports associations. It also organizes tournaments and helps the talent
sportsmen / players. It also helps to send the students from both the Government
and private institutions to Manali (Himachal Pradesh) for mountaineering
training.
(ii) National Fitness Corps- It was put into operation in the
beginning of 1963, as recommended by the Kunzru Committee, by merging the
National Discipline Scheme, Auxiliary Cadet Corps and Physical Education.
Earlier National Fitness Corps was known as National Discipline Scheme which
was started in 1954. Its main aim is to develop all round personality of the
students. The scheme aims at imparting discipline and cultural activities. It
inculcates in the students an interest in games. It aims at imparting training
among students both boys and girls, in drill, marching, physical exercises,
leziam games and relays, track and field events, gymnastic, national integration
songs, National Anthem and National Flag, tippri, yoga and cultural activities.
These activities inculcate discipline, obedience, patriotism, firmness,
steadiness, national integration and self confidence among the students.
The total strength of students under the
scheme in the schools in the Patiala District, as on 31 March 1989 was 2,09,
168.