Education
for the Handicapped
The Home for Blind at Firozpur was established in
December 1956. It has made all-round progress in various activities, and has
developed into a full fledged institute
in the State. It is managed by the Deputy Council for the Welfare of the
Handicapped, with the Deputy Commissioner as its Chairman. It imparts training
in music (vocal and instrumental), crafts (cane and bamboo works, cycle
basket-making, soap-making), breilly, and handloom- weaving. Arrangements are
also made for higher education in colleges. The main object of the institution
is the uplift and rehabilitation of the blind. The number of the students
varies from 45 to 50.
This institution is affiliated
to the National Association for the Blind, Bombay, and the District Red Cross
Society, Firozpur. Admission is open to the blind in the age-group of 6-11 years, irrespective of caste, colour
and creed. The inmates are given free training, boarding, lodging, clothing,
medicines, raw materials and the welfare amenities during their training
period. The existing number of the inmates is 40 (39 boys and 1 girl) belonging
to various States
For the rehabilitation of the
blind, the management has taken steps to provide the more trained among them with work by expanding the
existing workshop. The workers are paid wages according to the market rates and
are provided with free board, lodging, clothing etc. The Home for the Blind is
mainly financed by contributions from the local bodies, the grant from the
Central Social-Welfare Board, the donations from the Public and from the sale
of articles made by the inmates of the Home.
(i ) Adult Literacy, Social Education and measures for the Diffusion
of Culture among the masses.
A scheme of Social (Adult) Education for spreading literacy and
diffusing culture among the masses was introduced into the District in October,
1968. It is organized by the Circle Social-Education Officer, Jullundur Circle, who is under the overall charge of the
Director of Public Instruction, Punjab, Chandigarh.
The work in the field is organized and supervised by the Supervisor,
Social Education Mobile Squad. The female centres function during daytime,
whereas the male centres work after dusk. The literary work at these centres
envisages knowledge of 3 Rs. (reading, writing and arithmetic) up to the second
or third primary stander, besides such
aspects of social education, as current affairs, agriculture, general
science, health, hygiene, and good citizenship. The female centres
invariably cater for craft work related
to sewing and embroidering, which are designed to serve as a focal point of
attraction for the illiterate adults.
Social education is give free at
these centres and even books are supplied free of cost to the adults. There is
also a mobile cinema unit, which occasionally arranges film shows in the
villages where such centres are
located. On 31 March 1980, there were 30 Social-education centres (15 for males
and 15 for females) in the District. These centres are looked after by
supervisor, who function under the Circle Social Education Officer, Jalandhar
Circle, Jalandhar.
In addition, a vigorous programme,
called the Rural Functional Literacy Project, has been launched in the District
with effect from 1980-81. Under this scheme, 300 centres are to be started. The
scheme is looked after by a Project Officer and 10 supervisiors. The objective
of this scheme is to seek the upliftment of the rural people in economic and
social spheres together with the spreading of literacy among them.
(h)
Cultural and
Literary Societies and periodicals Cultural Societies.
Among the cultural societies functioning
in the District, mention may be made of the following
(1)
Tagore Kal Kendar, Firozpur :- Started in 1944 in the H.M. Higher Secondary
School, Firozpur City, it aims at providing the students with healthy
atmosphere for developing their personality. The activities of this society
include speeches, debates, fancy dress, folk-dances and action songs, etc.
(2)
Adarsh Dramatic
Club, Firozpur :- Started in
1958 in the Hindu Girls High Secondary School, Firozpur City, it aims at
providing the students with self-expression, aesthetic sense and other
qualities of expression. The activities of this society comprise speeches,
debates, plays, songs, dances, ect.
(3) Kala Kendra Dramatic
Club, Firozpur Cantonment :-
Started in 1958 in the Decent
Children Modern School, Firozpur Cantonment, it aims at inculcating artistic
tastes in the students, in particular, and in the public, in general. It
prepares students for the Allahabad Sangeet Samiti Examination. The
special features of the Club are
dramas, plays music and dance.
(4)
Mitra Kala Mandal, Firozpur :- Started in 1950 in the S.D. Higher Secondary School, Firozpur
City, its object is to revive the ancient Indian culture and to crate national
feelings in the minds of children.
Besides
the above, the following cultural societies exist in the District. The school
and colleges also draw up interesting cultural programmes and participate in
the national functions :
1 Firozpur dramatic Club,
Firozpur.
2. Ram Natak Dramatic Club,
Firozpur.
3. Ram Leela Natak Anaj
Mandi, Firozpur.
4. Loco-Shed Dramatic Club,
Firozpur.
5. Newton Hospital Dramatic
Club, Firozpur.
6. Basti Tankanwali Dramatic
Club, Firozpur.
7. Bazami-i-Adab, Firozpur.
8. Cantonment Dramatic Club,
Firozpur.
9.
Naween Sahita Sabha, basti Tankanwali, Firozpur.
10. Azad Dramatic Club,
Firozpur Cantonment.
Among
the literary societies functioning in the District, the following deserve
mention :
(1)
Punjabi Likhari Sahitya Sabha, Firozpur :- Established in 1951, it aims at encouraging the writing of
stories, poems, essays, etc. its meetings are conducted regularly and rich and
constructive criticism is offered to the members with respect to their
write-ups. The society is affiliated to the Kendari Likhari Sabha (Regd.),
Jalalandhar.
(2)
Sahitya-Dhara, alamwala :- Establish in 1967, this society aims at
publishing literary works of high merit
produced by young writers. It is making a useful contribution to the
development of literature and language.
Besides the above societies, the following literary societies are
contributing much to the promotion and encouragement of literary activities in
the District :-
1. Punjabi Sahitya Sabha,
Abohar.
2. Hindi Sahitya Sadan,
Abohar.
3. Sahitya Sangam, Abohar.
4. Punjabi Sahita Sabha,
Talwandi Bhai.
5. Punjabi Shitya Sabha, Kot
Ise Khan.
6. Sahitya Sabha, Zira.
7. Sahitya Sabha, Jalalabad.
Periodicals
For
particulars regarding the periodicals, etc. published in the District, refer to
pages of Chapter XVIII, ‘Public Life and Voluntary Social Service Organizations.
(k) Libraries
Libraries play a vital role in spreading education among the masses
both in urban and rural areas. With a view to co-ordinating and rationalizing
the existing library facilities and providing more facilities for the proper functioning of libraries and
reading-rooms run by various Government
departments and local bodies, the Punjab Government set up in 1950 a central
body called the ‘Central Library Committee’, in which the Punjab Library
Association is also represented by its President. The Committee did excellent
work in implementing the plan, known as the Randhawa Plan, which envisaged the
setting up of new libraries in beautiful surroundings and furnishing them with
well-designed furniture, picture and paintings and furnishing them with
well-designed furniture, picture and paintings, concerning the Punjab and its
people. Under this scheme, new public
libraries were started in urban and rural areas of the State. These are doing useful service to the public by
spreading education among them
.
The following types of
libraries are functioning in the District .
The District Library, Firozpur, was set up in
December 1979. It has provision for 60 seats in its reading-rooms and 20 seats for
the separate Children Section. It has a lot of reference books o0t give
adequate reference service to its readers. It has also a good collection for
its children Section. The membership which is open to adults as well as to
children ha risen to 400 during this short period.
Panchayat
Libraries :- Generally, every Panchayat in
the District maintains a small library for the promotion of education and
general knowledge among the masses in the rural areas.
Municipal and Cantonment Board Libraries :- All the
municipalities in the District, viz. Firozpur, Guru Har Sahai, Talwandi Bhai,
Zira, Dharamkot Fazilka, Abohar and Jalalabad, maintain libraries and
reading-rooms for public use. Out of them , the Mahesh Chand Memorial Municipal
Library, Firozpur, is quite old. it was established in 1934 by Dr. Sadhu Chand
Vineyek in the memory of his father . It has good collection of books on
various subjects.
Established
in 1956, the Cantonment Board Library, Firozpur Cantonment also has a large
number of books on various subjects.
School and College Libraries :- All the
high/higher secondary schools and colleges in the District have their own
libraries meant for the use students and teachers.
Badri Parshad Library, Firozpur Cantonment :- Started by Badri Parshad in 1930, the
Library is rendering very useful service to the Public. It has a good deal of
books on various subjects.
Jain Library, Firozpur Cantonment :- Started in 1946, it is managed by the local
Jain Mandir Prabandhak Committee. It
contains books mostly on Jainism.
Jain Library, Zira :- Established in 1958, it contains books on
Jainism and ancient Indian literature.
Guru Singh Sabha Library, Abohar ;- Established in 1946, it contains books,
mostly on Sikh history and religion.
Besides
the above libraries, the Sukhmani Sewa Sabha Society, Firozpur Cantonment
maintains a library. The Public Library Trust, village of Shahzadi (Firozpur
Tehsil) and Shahid Gurdas Ram Memorial Library, Zira also cater for the needs
of the reading public, in general.
(a) Public Health and Medical Facilities in
Early Times.
In early times, medicines for different diseases were prepared
from herbs. In course of time, the general
use of herbal medicines developed into the Ayuvedic system of medicine. With
the advent of Muslims, the Unani system was also introduced into the country
and was popularized. So both these
systems existed side by side. However, during the medieval period , the
Ayurvedic System declined to some extent because of the official patronage
given to the Unani System, with the result that the latter became more popular
in the urban areas, whereas the Ayurvedic System continued to develop in the
rural areas. The Allopathic System was introduced into country with the advent
of the British in the cis-Sutluj territory early in the nineteenth century.
At present, all the three systems of medicine, viz. Ayurveda Unani and
Allopathy are practised. Of these, All pathy is much more popular on account of
Government patronage enjoyed by it during the past more than a century and a
half. Of late, Homeopathy is also becoming popular.
With the spread of education and scientific treatment of human ills
coming within the reach of the people, the methods of faith-cure and quackery
are practised by fewer people now. The Homeopathy is practised by a few
practitioners in towns. The Ayurvedic and Unani systems are, however, liked by
the people because of the simpler and
familiar medicines prescribed. The Government is according good recognition to
these systems and the number of
Ayurvedic Dispensaries in the District increased from one in 1953-54 to 18 in 1960-61 and 34 in
1979-80, each in the charge of a avid, and under the direct administrative control of the Director of Ayurveda, Punjab.
Besides there were 3 Unani Dispensaries in the District in 1979-80.
On 31 March 1980, there were 119 Allopathic Institutions in the
District, comprising 22 hospitals (20 hospitals and 2 tuberculosis clinics), 9
primary health centres, 85 subsidiary health centres and 3 dispensaries. Out of
these institutions, 110 were managed by the State Government, 7 were State
special and 2 were private, besides some others. These institutions were provided
with 1,376 beds (711 for males and 665 for females), out of which 1,089 were
managed by the Government, and 287 by private bodies and others. During 1979,
the number of patients treated was 7,22,477, comprising 14,403 indoor and
7,08,074 outdoor.
The number of registered medical and
para-medical personnel in the District in 1979 was 285 doctors, 348 midwives,
489 nurses and 1,204 dais.
Because of dry climate, healthy
environmental conditions and comparatively good income of the people in the
District, the standard of health is good.
(b)
Vital Statistics
The registration of vital statistics is compulsory. In the rural areas,
the chowkidars maintain the birth-and-death registers. Similarly, these
necessary records are maintained by the
municipalities in the urban areas. In addition to may other advantages,
the procedure provides a dependable record of the growth of population and, at
the same time, helps to visualize the
scope of measures to be taken to check the mortality-rate and also to devise
ways and means to use family-welfare measures. The Civil Surgeon, Firozpur,
complies these data. The birth-rate, the death-rate, and the rate of infantile
mortality per thousand per annum in the Firozpur District, during 1972-1980,
are given below :
Year Birth-rate per Death-rate per Infantile
(Calendar Year) thousand of thousand of mortality
population population rate
of age
per thousand
live births.
1972 26.89 6.34 51.09
1973 25.32 5.45 46.49
1974 27.08 6.75 39.02
1975 27.08 6.52 39.34
1976 24.33 6.60 60.82
1977 25.39 6.58 44.37
1978 25.02 6.73 38.36
1979 24.15 6.17 35.25
1980
23.50 5.84 31.95
(Source : Civil Surgeon, Firozpur)
Important
Causes of Mortality :- The
important causes of mortality in the District are fever, dysentery, respiratory
diseases and injuries. The table included
in Appendix I, 387, gives statistics regarding some of the important
causes of deaths.
(c) Diseases
Common to the District
Fevers
:- Fevers are the main cause of deaths.
These includes ordinary fevers, typhoid, influenza and other seasonal fevers,
including malaria. These fevers are the result of infections, unhealthy living and imbalanced diet, leading to low
resistance. The causes of these fevers
have become almost chronic and it is extremely difficult to eradicate them. In
the past, these fevers were cured with various medicines, including quinine.
But, at present, their place has been taken by sulphadrugs and antibiotics
which have been found to be very effective. Healthy living and better diet
would lesson to a considerable extent the incidence of general types of fevers. Malaria has been brought under
control with D.D.T sprays used to destroy mosquitoes.
(i)
Respiratory
Diseases :- Respiratory disease, which
are next in importance only to fevers, are also responsible for deaths in the
District. These are caused by different types of smokes, fumes, vaporous of
chemical gases released by the burning of charcoal, coke, etc. These gases
pollute the surrounding atmosphere all the time, thus affecting the health of
the people. Smoke irritates the eyes, the throat and the lungs constantly. The
insaintary conditions in the slums also cause the outbreaks of these diseases.
In order to check the spread of such diseases, the Factories Act, 1948,
lays down that there should be a proper disposal of gases entering the
atmosphere and any harmful effluents should be removed to far-off places, where
they do not adversely affect the health of the people.
Proper diagnostic facilities
available in dispensaries and at the public-health centres, hospitals,
provision of institutional facilities, domiciliary treatment, and follow-up of
cases from diseased, such as tuberculosis and
chronic bronchitis, have brought down the mortality figures
considerably.
(ii)
Malaria :- A few decades back, malaria was
without a rival among the diseases afflicting mankind. In India, hardly any
aspect of life – social, agricultural and industrial-remained unaffected by its
ravages. The epidemic of 1908 in the Punjab was of a great magnitude and a
large number of people perished.
The National Malaria-Control Programme was started in the State in 1953
and a number of malaria-control units were established. One such unit was
established in the Firozpur District in the same year to undertake the
malaria-control operations. This programme continued for five years, reducing
the number of malaria cases considerably.
After the
decision of the Government of India, on
5 December 1957 to eradicate malaria from whole of the country, the National
Malaria-Control Programme was switched over to the National Malaria Eradication
Programme (N.M.E.P.) during 1958. Under it, a number of units, including
thereon in the Firozpur District, were started. For this purposes, the State
was divided into two zones, viz. Patiala and Jullundur. The Firozpur District
falls in the Patiala zone.
Owing to the occurrence of positive cases and focal outbreaks, some
areas of the State were temporarily reverted to the attack phase for spraying
in 1968 and 1969. This step led to the
rephasing of the programme in the State. Most of the area, reverted to the
attack phase, was from the districts
of Patiala, Firozpur, Sangrur and
Bathinda.
The claim made in 1965 that the mosquito menace had been eradicated
from the country was only partially true. There were several pockets in the
country where no real break-though had yet been achieved. In some other areas
as well, there was slide-back because of the lack of the follow-up measures or
because of the non-supply of insecticides.
The campaign,
know as the Urban Malaria Scheme has, thus, been launched, for it is generally
recognized that if the mosquito menace has become serious again, it is partly
because the civic bodies in large parts of the country have not played their part in the anti-malaria drive which was launched in 1958. The National Malaria-Eradication Programme launched
with the active support
to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Agency for
International Development (USAID) was confined mainly to the rural areas,
whereas the local bodies in the urban areas were instructed to implement the
malaria control measures through their own efforts. The local bodies showed
little enthusiasm for launching this campaign, with the result that the
Director of the National Malaria-Eradication Programme complained in 1970 that malaria had begun to spread to
the rural areas from the towns.
The Malaria Department is taking healthy steps to eradicate malaria
from the District. From 1977 to 31 March 1980, as many as 7,95,544 slides,
7,06,720 houses in 4,360 villages were sprayed and 3,46,849 kg. of BHC was
used.
(iv) Communicable Diseases :- The communicable diseases are plague, cholera, smallpox,
etc. A brief reference to each of these, with particular reference to the
District is made below :
Plague
Plague, at present non-existent, was
the most-feared of pestilences. Ever since it broke out in 1857, it had never
been totally eliminated from the State
till 1937. Since the partiton (1947), as in other districts of the State, this pestilence
has not been noticed in Firozpur, because of
the extensive and repeated use of DDT and Gammexdane in the treatment of rat burrows and flea harborages in
the endemic areas. vigilance is also
maintained to the utmost in order to detect plague among rats or in the human
population and every possible precaution is taken to apply preventive measures,
including the anti-plague inoculation,
wherever human cases occur.
Cholera
It is an epidemic, generally associated with mass gatherings,
especially at the Kumbh Fair at Haridwar and at solar-eclipse fairs at
Kurukshetra where pilgrims collect in large numbers. This disease used to
spread when the pilgrims carrying infection returned home.
The Health Department makes special arrangements to combat epidemics on
such occasions. All the dispensaries are directed to inoculate the persons
visiting the meals. Besides, medical-inspection posts are established at all
the important railway or road stations where strict vigilance and supervision
are exercised. At places where meals are held, special conservancy arrangements, provisions of safe
water-supply, satisfactory collection and
removal of night-soil are made. Specific arrangements to attend on cases
of infectious disease and rendering medical aid to the pilgrims are also made.
Small Pox
Despite persistent efforts, the
District has never been free form smallpox. However, owing to the existence of
increased facilities for vaccination and re-vaccination, there has been a
remarkable reduction in the incidence of this
disease and the details of preventive measures taken in the district
against it during 1961 to 1970 are given in Appendix II at page 388.
(v) Tuberculosis :- This
disease is a national problem and is required
to be at the national level, To root it out, emphasis is being laid on the preventive side of the control. The B.C.G. Programme has now
been integrated with the other health activities of the primary health units/centres.
The B.C.G. vaccination is a preventive measure against tuberculosis. The
measure was taken up in the Punjab in 1949. At that time, mobile B.C.g. teams
were set up. In 1951, a mass B.C.G.
vaccination campaign was started in the entire State . Since 1959, a scheme has
been introduced to fix up teams at the district level and, under this has been
introduced to fix up teams at the
district level and, under this scheme, the Firozpur District was taken up in
April, 1962. At present, there are two anti-tuberculosis clinics, one at
Firozpur and the other at Abohar.
(d) Medical
and Public Health Services
Previously, medical services were divided into tow wings, viz. medical
and health. The District Medical Officer was responsible for the functioning of
hospitals and dispensaries, and medical and surgical work in the District,
besides being the medico-legal expert of the Government. The District Medical
and Health Officer was in charge of the
health wing and as responsible for sanitation, disease-prevention and
health-promotion services in the District. He was also to advise the municipalities on public-health matters.
Both the wings worked under the administrative
control of the Director, Health Services, Punjab. In April, 1964, these
tow wings were merged. Under the new arrangement, the Civil Surgeon is in charge of both the medical and health
services in the District. The Medical Officer, employed by the zila parishad,
has also been put under his control.
The staff employed by the zila parishad, works under the Civil Surgeon, but they
draw their salaries from the zila parishad . This system has been
enforced for the smooth and efficient working of medical and health services.
In the District, the Civil Surgeon is assisted by 16 medical officers
(Class 1), 105 medical officers (Class II), 151 nurses, 140 midwives and auxiliary
nurses-midwives, 47 nurse dais, 24 technicians and radiographers, 115
dispensers, 40 senior malaria inspectors and sanitary inspectors, 38 field
workers, 9 block extension educators, 102 basic health workers, 31 lady health
workers, etc. besides ministerial staff and miscellaneous Class IV staff.
On the health side, the Malaria Officer, vaccinators and medical officers (in charge of dispensaries) also assist the Civil Surgeon. Similar functions are performed by the zila parishad. The municipalities also assist the Civil Surgeon in the Public health field. In order to check the adulteration of foodstuffs, the Civil Surgeon has delegated powers to medical officers of hospitals/dispensaries. They can take samples of foodstuffs.
Hospitals, Primary Health
Centres, Dispensaries, etc.
The
expenditure incurred by the State Government on Allopathic, Ayurvedic and Unani
hospitals, health centres, dispensaries and other health services in the District in 1979-80 was Rs. 97,53,135. All
the allopathic medical institutions are under
the control of the Civil Surgeon, Firozpur. The Ayurvedic and Unani
institutions are under the control of the District Ayurvedic and Unani Officer,
Firozpur.
Allopathic Medical Institutions :-
On 31 March 1980, there were 119 medical institutions (allopathic) in
the District. Their tehsil-wise and area-wise break-up is given below :-
(Source : Directory of Medical Institution in Punjab State, 1980,PP 26-30)
The
management-wise break-up of the above 119 medical institutions (allopathic) is :
110 State public, 7 State special and 2 private non-aided. The list of
hospitals, primary health centres, subsidiary health centres and dispensaries
in the District is given in Appendix III on page 389-395.
The
particulars regarding the family welfare unit/clinics and maternity and child
health centres are given in Appendixes IV and V on pages 396 and 397,
respectively.
Ayurvedic and Unani Medical Institutions :- The indigenous systems of medicine, viz.
Ayurvedic and Unani, are quite cheap and suit the local needs. The medicines
used have to adverse after-effects. However, owing to the lack of patronage by
the British, these systems lost their popularity. After independence, the
Government devised means to popularise them aging.
On 31
March 1980, there were 33 Ayurvedic, 1 Homeopathic and 3 Unani medical
institutions in the District. Their tehsil-wise and area-wise break-up is given
below :
Tehsil/District Total Rural Urban
Firozpur Tehsil 12 11 1
Zira Tehsil 6 6 --
Fazilka 19 19 --
Firozpur District 37 36 1
(Source : District Ayurvedic and Unani Officer, Fzr).
All
these institutions are managed by the Government. Their detailed list is given
in Appendix VI on pages 309-399.
The
use of blood as a therapeutic measure in on the increase in all branches of
medicine and surgery. There are two blood banks in the District at the Civil
Hospital, Firozpur and at the Frances Newton Hospital, Firozpur Cantonment. The
work done by them with respect to the collection
and transfusion of blood is given in Appendix VII on page 400.
To
prevent the adulteration of foodstuffs, the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act
was passed in 1954. It replaced the Punjab Pure Food Act of 1929. Under the
Act, samples are taken by staff appointed for purpose and the duly sealed
samples are sent to the Food and Health
Laboratory at Chandigarh for analysis. The persons whose samples are not found
up to the mark are challenged.
The
work done under the Act is detailed in Appendix VIII on page 401.
(a)
Private Hospitals
and Nursing Homes
In the
Firozpur District, there is only one private hospital viz. Frances Netown Hospital, Firozpur Cantonment,
with a branch at
Guru Har Sahai. A brief
account of the Hospital is as under :-
Frances Newton Hospital, Firozpur Cantonment :- The Hospital
was established in 1894 by Dr. Frances Newton, wife of Rev. Dr. Frances Newton. To begin with, the Hospital
was meant only for women and children. Later on, male patients also began to be
attended on. Under Dorothy Ferris, it
grew up to become a 300 beds (89 for males, 142 beds for females, 25 beds for
children and 44 beds for infants) general hospital. During 1980, the number of
indoor and outdoor patients was 6,432
(1,698 males, 2,702 females and 1,942 children) and 37,791 (10,887 males,
17,901 females and 9,00,3 children, respectively.
The
staff comprises of 27 full-time and 2 part-time doctors (specialists), 12 house
surgeons, 7 interns, 78 nurses including sisters, student-nurses, etc. 10
paramedicals and 95 others.
The
Hospital is equipped with special
departments. It runs a school of nursing, a school for laboratory technicians, and a blood bank. It has an intensive care unit, which has all types
of equipment needed for post-operative emergency care.
This hospital has also its 10 bed branch at Guru
Har Sahai, know as D.L. Ferris Hospital. Its doctors and nurses attend on men,
women and children coming there as outdoor and indoor patients.
(f) Medical and Public
Health Educational Institutions.
There
is no medical and public health educational institution in the District.
However, the France Newton Hospital, Firozpur Cantonment, runs a school of nursing
and a school for laboratory technicians on its own premises.
(g) Sanitation
(i) Public Health and Sanitation in the Urban
Araa :- Before 1924, there were a few vaccinators in the District under the
control of the Civil Surgeon, Firozpur. These vaccinations. In 1929, a separate
health branch was established , and under it a sanitary inspector and a few
naib-darogas were posted at the District Headquarters to look after sanitation.
This arrangement continued till 1944,
when the sanitary inspectors, assisted by sanitary supervisors and sanitary
beldars, were appointed at the tehsil, level.
Since the launching of the Five-Year-Plans and the
Community Development Programme health units or centres have been set up to
look after sanitation also in the rural areas. In the urban areas, the
municipal committees attend to sanitation.
(ii) Rural Sanitation and
Water-supply :- Previously, there was no regular body in the villages to
look after the health of the people.
After Independence in 1947, the sanitary beldars were re-designated as swasthya
sahaiks, of whom a few were posted in each district. Their main duty was to improve the village sanitation along
with certain other duties, such as anti-plague and anti-cholera measures.
Since
the launching of the First-Five-Year Plan (1951-56), the Community Development
Organisation and primary health units/centres have been set up. The staff,
posted in these organisations, were entrusted mainly with the work of
sanitation. Much improvement has, therefore, been made in this field.
Gramseviks and gram sevikas, under the block development and panchayat
officers, and the staff of the Health Department, such as sanitary inspectors,
lady health visitors, along with the medical officer, under thee guidance of
the Civil Surgeon, attached to the health units or centres, have been paying
necessary attention to the improvement of rural sanitation.
Health
and sanitation cover the opting of new hospitals, primary health centres, the
construction of drains, dry latrines and smokeless chullahs, the paving of
streets, the installation of hand-pumps and the construction of walls for drinking water.
Out
of the total number of 1,084 villages in the District, water scarcity exists in
as many as 354. The problem of water-supply is being solved through the efforts
of the Block Development Agency and the Health Department. They provide grants
for the water-supply schemes under which a fairly large number of hand-pumps
have been installed. By March, 1979, the water-supply schemes had been started
in 126 villages.
The
water in the District has a high content of flourid, resulting in damage to
teeth, bones and spine.
Causes of , and specific death-rates with respect to
different diseases per thousand of population in Firozpur District 1972-80
|
Year (Calendyear) |
Cholera |
Smallpox |
Plague |
Fevers |
Dysenery and diarrohoea |
Respiratory Diseases |
Injuries |
Other causes |
|
1972 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
2.33 |
0.87 |
1.02 |
0.55 |
1.57 |
|
1973 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
2.03 |
0.85 |
0.98 |
0.52 |
1.07 |
|
1974 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
0.42 |
0.93 |
1.04 |
0.58 |
1.78 |
|
1975 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
2.38 |
0.90 |
1.02 |
1.56 |
1.66 |
|
1976 |
-- |
-- |
- |
2.32 |
0.95 |
1.05 |
0.55 |
1.73 |
|
1977 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
2.35 |
0.92 |
1.03 |
0.58 |
1.70 |
|
1978 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
2.30 |
0.97 |
1.05 |
0.60 |
1.81 |
|
1979 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
2.25 |
.090 |
1.03 |
057 |
1.42 |
|
1980 |
-- |
--- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
(Source : Civil Surgeon, Firozpur)
Incidence of smallpox and preventive measures taken
against it in the Firozpur District, 1972 to 1980
Year (Calendar year) Number of Number of
Primary Re-vaccinations
cases Deaths Vaccinations
1972 2 1 64,288 4,48,566
1973 -- -- 38,741 2,58,896
1974 1 -- 39,604 2,34,723
1975 -- -- 38,711 2,12,618
1976 -- -- 46,474 2,20,498
1977 -- - 40,599 1,71,534
1978 -- -- 38,034 1,54,608
1979 -- -- 38,516 1,12,549
1980 -- -- 30,221 69,087
(Source : Civil Surgeon,
Firozpur)
|
Sr. No. |
Name and location |
Number of beds |
Rural/ Urban |
Type of Manag- ement |
Area of
Location |
||
|
Male |
Female |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tehsil |
Block |
|
1 |
Civil Hospital, Firozpur |
64 |
36 |
Urban |
State Public |
Firoz pur |
Firozpur |
|
2 |
Mobile Eye Hospital, Firozpur |
-- |
-- |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
3 |
T.B. Clinic Firozpur |
4 |
4 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
4 |
Central Jail Hospital, Firozpur |
30 |
-- |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
5 |
Canal Dispensary, Firozpur |
-- |
-- |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
6 |
Cantonment General Hospital, Firozpur Cantonment |
14 |
18 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
7 |
Police Hospital Firozpur Cantonment |
13 |
-- |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
8 |
Railway Hospital, Firozpur Cantonment |
50 |
42 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
9 |
Francis Newton Hospital Firozpur Cantonment |
100 |
175 |
Do |
Private Aided |
Do |
Do |
|
10 |
Nehru Civil Hospital, Abohar |
31 |
25 |
Do |
State Public |
Fazilka |
Abohar |
|
11 |
Government Maternity Hospital, Abohar |
-- |
12 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
12 |
TB Clinic, Abohar |
4 |
4 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
13 |
E.S.I. Dispensary, Abohar |
-- |
-- |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
14. |
Civil Hospital , Fazlika |
44 |
12 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Fazlika |
|
15 |
Rural Hospital, Mamdot |
15 |
15 |
Rural |
Do |
Firopur |
Firozpur |
|
16 |
Primary Health Centre, Mamdot |
-- |
-- |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
17 |
Subsidiary Health Centre, Arifke |
2 |
2 |
Rural |
State Public |
Firoz pur |
Firozpur |
|
18. |
Subsidiary Health Centre, Gatti Rajoke |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
19 |
Subsidiary Health Centre, Katora |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
20 |
Subsidiary Health Centre, Jhoke Hari Har |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
21. |
Subsidiary Health Centre Khai Pheme Ki |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
22 |
Subsidiary Health Centre, Mamdot |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
23. |
Subsidiary Health Centre Mahalam |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
24. |
Subsidiary Health Centre, Noorpur Setha |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
25. |
Subsidiary Health Centre, Rukne Wala |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
26 |
Subsidiary Health Centre Sherkhan Wala |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
27 |
Subsidiary Health Centre Tibbi Khurd |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
28 |
Rural Hospital Mudki |
15 |
10 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Ghal Khurad |
|
29 |
Primary Health Centre , Ferozeshah |
4 |
4 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
30 |
Subsidiary Health Centre Talwandi Bhai |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
31 |
Subsidiary Health Centre, Kailash |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
32 |
Subsidiary Health Centre Lalleh |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
33 |
Subsidiary Health Centre Malwal |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
34 |
Subsidiary Health Centre Mana Singh Wala |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
35 |
Subsidiary Health Centre, Sadhu Singh Wala |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
36 |
Subsidiary Health Centre, Sande Hasham |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
37 |
Subsidiary Health Centre, Sayan Wala |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
38 |
Shakur |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
39 |
Subsidiary Health Centre, Sodinagar |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
40 |
Subsidiary Health Centre, Salhani |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
41 |
Subsidiary Health Centre, Sher Singh Wala |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
42. |
Primary Health Centre, Guru Har Sahai |
4 |
4 |
Urban |
Do |
Do |
Gur Har Sahai |
|
43 |
Subsidiary Health Centre, Guru Har Sahai |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
44 |
Subsidiary Health Centre, Chak Somean Wala |
2 |
2 |
Rural |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
45 |
Subsidiary Health Centre Jiwan Ariayee |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
46 |
Subsidiary Health Centre, Koer Singh Wala |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
47 |
Subsidiary Health Centre, Panje Ke Uttar |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
48 |
Suibsidiary Health Centre Ranjit Garh |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
49 |
Subsidiary Health Centre Sohan Garh |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
50 |
Subsidiary Health Centre, Assal Mohan Ke |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
51 |
Francis Newton Dispensary , Guru Har Sahai |
-- |
12 |
Urban |
Private Non-aided |
Do |
Do |
|
52 |
Civil Hospital , Jalalabad |
16 |
8 |
Do |
State Public |
Fazlika |
Jalalabad |
|
53 |
Rural Hospital , Jhand Wala Bihme Shah |
15 |
15 |
Rural |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
54 |
Primary Health Centre, Wala Bihme Shah |
-- |
- |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
55 |
Subsidary Health Centre, Chak Khere Ke |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
56 |
Subsidiary Health Centre, Kariana Wala |
2 |
2 |
Rural |
State Public |
Fazlika |
Jalalabad |
|
57 |
Subsidiary Health Centre Ladu Ka |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
58 |
Subsidiary Health Centre, Ladu Wala Uttar |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
59 |
Subsidary Health Centre, Lamochar Kalan |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
60 |
Priamary Health Centre Sitto Gunno |
4 |
4 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Abohar |
|
61 |
Subsidiary Health Centre, Balluana |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
62 |
Subsidiary Health Centre Dharang Wala |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
63 |
Subsidary Health Centre, Jhumian Wali |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
64 |
Subsidary Health Centre Kandh Wala Amarkot |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
65 |
Subsidary Health Centre, Kullar |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
66 |
Subsidiary Health Centre Kundal |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
67 |
Subsidary Health Centre Malookpur |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
68 |
Subsidiary Health Centre Ramgarh |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
69 |
Subsidary Health Centre Rohoerian Wali |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
70 |
Subsidary Health Centre Rukan Pura @ Khui Khera |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
71 |
Rural Hospital , Dabwala Kalan |
15 |
15 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Fazlika |
|
72 |
Primary Health Centre, Dabwala Kalan |
-- |
-- |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
73 |
Subsidary Health Centre, Islam Wala |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
74 |
Subsidary Health Centre, Kamal Wala |
2 |
23 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
75 |
Subsidary Health Centre, Karni Khera |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
76 |
Rural Hospital Kilanwali |
15 |
10 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Khuian Sarwar |
|
77 |
Rural Hospital, Panj Kosi |
15 |
10 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
78 |
Primary Health Centre, Khui Khera |
4 |
4 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
79 |
Subsidary Health Centre Diwan Khera |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
80 |
Subsidary Health Centre Dalmir Khera |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
81 |
Subsidary Health Centre, Ghallu |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
82 |
Subsidary Health Centre, Jand Wala Mira Sangla |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
83 |
Subsidary Health Centre Kheo Wali Tabb |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
84 |
Subsidary Health Centre, Khuian Sarwar |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
85 |
Subsidary Health Centre, MaujGarh |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
86 |
Subsidary Health Centre, Pani Wala Mala |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
87 |
Subsidary Health Centre, Rup Nagar |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
88 |
Subsidary Health Centre Waryam Khera |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
DO |
|
89 |
Civil Hosptiat Zira |
25 |
25 |
Urban |
Do |
Zira |
Do |
|
90 |
Rural Hospital , Bhindar Kalan |
15 |
10 |
Rural |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
91 |
Rural Hospital Kasoana |
15 |
15 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
92 |
Primary Health Centre Kaso |
-- |
-- |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
93 |
Subsidary Health Centre, Baharwali |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
94 |
Subsidary Health Centre Bandkhandi |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
95 |
Subsidary Health Centre, Behak Gujran |
2 |
2 |
Rural |
State Public |
Zira |
Zira |
|
96 |
Subsidary Health Centre kassoana |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
97 |
Subsidary Health Centre, Khos Dal Singh |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
98 |
Subsidary Health Centre Kosa Randhir |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
99 |
Subsidary Health Centre Kundi Wala |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
100 |
Subsidary Health Centre Longo Deva |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
101 |
Subsidary Health Centre Mallan Wala |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
102 |
Subsidary Health Centre Malsian |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
103 |
Subsidary Health Centre Raode Jale Wala |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
104 |
Subsidary Health Centre, Thata Kishan Singh |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
105 |
Subsidary Health Centre Wakilan wala |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
106 |
Primary Health Centre, Kot Ise Khan |
4 |
4 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Dharmkot |
|
107 |
Subsidary Health Centre Dharmkot |
8 |
4 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
108 |
Subsidary Health Centre Amir Shah Wala |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
109 |
Subsidary Health Centre Chak Kaniya Wala Kalan |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
110 |
Subsidary Health Centre Fatehgarh Korotane |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
111 |
Subsidary Health Centre Fateh Garh Panjtoor |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
112 |
Subsidary Health Centre Jalalabad |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
113 |
Subsidary Health Centre Kishanpur Kalan |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
|
114 |
Subsidary Health Centre, Khuranj |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
|
115 |
Subsidary Health Centre, Makhu |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
|
116 |
Subsidary Health Centre Mubarkpur |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
|
117 |
Subsidary Health Centre, Pir Muhamad |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
|
118 |
Subsidary Health CentreTalwandi Malian |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|
|
119 |
Canal Dispensary, Makhu |
2 |
2 |
Do |
Do |
Do |
|