II - Where the patwari's measurements are on the
triangular system.
25. Procedure prescribed . - As soon as the patwari has finished his triangles
he will at once send to the Settlement Officer a copy of his khaka, as above
prescribed and a statement showing the distances between each pair of trijunction
points according to his measurements. The map should be made on the usual
mapping sheets ruled into squares, and he will make his khaka by reducing the
squares proportionally as is done when the measurement itself has been made by
squares, noting the distance by scale on the map of each trijunction point from
the sides of the nearest square shown on his mapping sheets. He will then
calculate out the direct distance between each pair of trijunction pillars as
above prescribed and submit a statement in the form already given.
In
all other respects the comparison will be made, and the statement and register
completed in the same manner as has been prescribed for measurements made on
the square system.
(3)-Comparison of areas.
26. Report and Register prescribed :- Where areas of village have been calculated by
the Imperial Survey Department; they should be communicated to the tahsilder
and when the measurements of the village have been completed, a copy of the
patwari's final Index Map should be sent to the Settlement Officer with a
statement in the following form :-
(3)-
Comparison of areas.
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
|
No.
of villages |
Name
of village |
Area in Acres |
Differences Between Columns 3 and 5 |
Reasons
for difference in all cases in |
|||
|
|
|
By
Imperial |
By
Patwari's measurement |
In
acres plus |
Per
cent plus |
which
it |
|
|
|
|
Survey |
At
last settlement |
Now |
or
minus |
or
minus |
exceeds
per cent |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
Settlement Officer will on the receipt of this statement, compare the Index Map
with the Revenue Survey may (ir available) and decide whether to accept the
result of the measurements or call for further enquiry. A register in the same
form as the statement should be opened the figures for each village entered in
penci as soon as the statement is received and inked in when the areas have
been finally accepted by the Settlement Officer.
C-DISTRIBUTION OF PARCHA BOOKS.
(see
para 294 of Manual).
27. Distribution of the parcha when new
jamabandi is prepared :- When a
sew jamabandi has been prepared, based on ther entries in the khataunis, and
the new reve-nue of each holding has been entered in it the patwari will give
to each owner mortgage with possession and occupancy tenant, a parcha book
containing a copy of the entries in such jamahandi relating to the land held by
him, and printed receipt forms for 20 yers. The directions governing the
distribution of khataunis where there several sharers in a bolding [paragraph
(2)] will obtain in this case also. No charge shall be made for these parcha
books.
Appendix VIII
(SETTLEMENT MANUAL, PARAGRAPH 290)
Documents including in Standing Records
A-SHAJRA NASAB OR GENEALOGICAL TREE OF OWNERS.
Statement of proprietary tenure of village.
Pargana (or Tahsil) District.)
|
STATEMENT
OF THE PROPERIETORS |
DETAILED
OF COPARGENARY SHARES ABSTRACTED FROM THE KHEWAT |
GENEALOGCAL
THREE OF PROPRIETORS |
|||||
|
Concerning
the previous history of the village |
Concerning
the constitution of the main divisions of the village |
Remarks |
Area
of hokding |
Share
or measure of right |
Reference to khewat holdings |
Name
and descent |
Tribe |
|
|
|
|
“ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ |
.1 2 3 4 Total
of Taraf 5 6 7 Total
of Taraf.. Total
of village |
A. B C D ... Y E F X G H I Z J K Village Common |
|
|
1. The shajra-nasb should be drawn on one continuous sheet not on separate leaves-on strong paper’ similar to that used for the Khasara girdawari. For strength one inch slips of thin cloth should be pasted in the back of the folds.
2. Share or measure of right. –The share or measure of right entered should be taht which governs the relation of the holding to the whole village or taraf: and according to which the khewat is made. In a bhaichara village the entry will be “possession”.The word “Kabza” should be written only once and not repeated under each holding. If shares prevail; they should be described by the term current among the owners; artificial symbols not so current should never be used. All employees and officers will take great care that the shares are not complicated artificially.
3. Area and Revenue. –When holdings are owned jointly by several owners whose names do not come together in the shajra nasb; the land of these holdings should not be artificially divided in the shajra-nasb. The whole should be shown against the first name with the word “minjumla” prefixed; and against the second name in the column land there should be a reference to the previous entry “entered under holding No.” The revenue entries should agree with the jamabandi. These two columns should not be filled up untill the end of measurements. Give the totals of each patti or taraf; and if a patti or taraf has common land enter it berfore those totals. The khewat number should be entered in pencil when the shajar-nasb is first drawn up; and be inked in at teh end of measurements at the revenue officer’s final attestation.
4. In villages in which a genealogical tree of the owners has been prepared at a previous settlement: (a) if the table is a small one and can be easily copied: as in the case of small villages or villages of recent foundation: it should be copied out in full and brought up to date so as to becmplete in itself: (b) if it is too large to be easily copied it, will be enough to file with the new standing record a table showing the last three generations brought up to date. Where no genealogical table should be prepared going back to the common ancestor in village where the labour, involved in its preparation would be small; but (2) where this would involve great labour the table should be prepared as follows the owners of each taraf or patti should be brought together, and inside these divisions the men of each trible or got. . The ancestors of each existing landowner should be shown for at least three generations back. And if the family has land in the village for a longer period than this, then te ancestors should be shown for as far back as the memory of the present owners goes and there is no dispute, but usually or genealogical table should be prepared going back to the common.
5. The statements of the proprietors concerning each patti or taraf and concerning the whole village should be written briefly, and doubtful tales should be excluded. The statement of the proprietors concerming the previous history of the village should be arranged under the following heads:-
(a) Origin of rights and primary division of the land:
(b) The foundation of the village; and how named:
(c) Method of collection of the revenue under former Governments and under British rule.
6. The names of persons who have left no male issue and of widows and daughters should not be entered except for some special reasons. Under the names of agnates still living but not in possession; should be entered the words “ out of possession” and a brief note of where they now live. Mortgages names will not be entered.
7. In cases in which a father and a son both own land in separate holdings enter the son’s name in the genealogical tree in red ink.
8. If an owner has lost his land (whether by sale or by diluvion) but he claims a share in the shamilat, not this under his name in the genealogical tree but no soch holding will be shown in the Khatauni or jamabandi.
9. If property is divided by wells, add a column showing the “name of well” before the “area” column.
10. An owner by purchase should be entered on the left of the sb-division; taraf or patti in which he has purchased; a note should be added below his name; showing from whom he has purchased; and if the purchaser has no share in the shamilat; this should be stated.
11. When an amended copy of genealogical tree is drawn up (see Standing Order No. 23; paragraph 43) the columns for “Area and “Revenue” should be note omitted. The Statement of the Proporietors should not be re-written but a reference made to the statement recorded at last settlement and a note added of any alterations made since constitution of the village.
Note: in ay estate or part of an estate situated in the Lahore
urban assessment circle for which Khasra
imparti has been prepared it shall not be necessary to include in the shajra-nasb the names of any of the
owners recorded in the sharja imarti who are not descendants of the original
owners of estate or who do not possess a share in the shamilat.
B and C – JAMABANDI AND LIST OF REVENUE ASSIGNMENTS.
(See Standing Order No. 23)
Note:- In the jamabandi which forms part of the standing record. Column 7 (field numbers) should be divided into two columns headed respecively “present number” and “former number”.
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
|
Sr. No. of well |
No. in map |
Khatani No. |
Name of well |
To water Of where |
Where as work of |
Water single or double Pakka or Kacha, in use or
out of use. |
Whetheat work at last settlement or made subsequently
and in the latter case, in what year it began to be used. |
Name, father's name and grandfather's name of
owner, with shares in of ownership of well. |
Name, father's name and grand father's name of
person, who use the well with share of water enjoyed by each. |
Remarks |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. STATEMENT OF RIGHTS IN WELLS.
(1) Ordinary drinking wells need not be entered in this statement but care is needed that wells which are likely to be used for agriculture are not omitted.
(2) Draw a red circle round the name of every well made since last settlement.
(3) In column No. 11 enter for each well:-
(a) History of well and when built or repaired; and when the present rights in it were acquired.
(b) Method of working the well; will other irrigation arrangements not in force.
(c) Mode of distributing the revenue.
(d) Particulars of exemption from irrigated rates ; if any
E.- WAJIB-UL-ARZ
OR VILLAGE ADMINISTRATION PAPERS.
1. The statement of customs respecting rights and liabilities on the estate shall be in narrative form; it shall be as brief as the nature of the subject admits, and shall not be argumentative, but shall be confined to a simple statement of the customs which are ascertained to exist. The statement shall be divided into paragraph numbered consecutively, each paragraph describing as nearly as may be separate custom.
2. The statement shall not contain entries relating to matters regulated by law; nor shall customs contrary to justice; equity or good conscience; or which have been declared to be void by any competent authority, be entered in it. Subject to these restrictions the statement should contain information on so many of the folowing matters as are pertinent to the estate:
(a) Common land; its cultivation and management; and the enjoyment of the proceeds thereof.
(b) Rights of grazing on common land.
(c) Rights to the enjoyment of sayer produce.
(d) Usages relating to village expenses (malba).
(e) Customs relating to the irrigation of land.
(f) Customs relating to mills, tasks, streams or natural drainages.
(g) Customs of alluvion and dilluvion.
(h) The rights of cultivators of all classes not expressly provided for by law (for in stance, rights to trees or manure, and right to plant trees) and their customary liabilities other than rent.
(i) Customary dues payable to village servants and the customary service to be rendered by them.
(j) The rights of Government to any nazul property, forests, unclaimed, unoccupied deserted or waste lands, quarries; ruins or objects of antiquarin interest, spontaneous products, and other accessory interest; in land included with in the boundaries of the estate.
(k) The rights of Government in respect of fish and fisheries in streams, rivers, etc.
(l) Any other important usage affecting the rights of land owners, cultivators or other persons interested in the estate, not being a usage relating to succession and transfer of landed property .
3. Where the record of rights is being made for the first time, if the persons interested are not agreed qas to the existence of any alleged customs the Collector, or an Assistant Colector of the Ist grade shall decide the dispute in the manner provided in section 36 of the land Revenue Act. Where the records of rights is being revised the collector or Assistance Collector of the Ist grade shall similarly decided disputed entries; but in doing so he shall have regard to the provisions of section 37 of the land Revenue Act.
Tehsildars and authorized finally to attest all undisputed entries in a Wajib-ul-arz prepared in accoudance with the instructions contained in paragraph 1 and 2 above, but all decision to the Collector or to an Assistant Collector of the first. Grade.
4. When the statement is complete, the revenue officer aforeasaid shall fix a date for its final approval and shall summons the person interested to appear on that date at a place in or in the immediate vicinity of the estate to which the statement relates. And on the date and at the place appointed the statement shall be read over in presence of such of the persons as are in the attendance, and after such further correction as may then found necordery declaring that it has been duly attested.[1]
(SETTLEMENT MANUAL, PARAGRAPH 307)
Village Lists of Rents Mortgages and Sales.
A. LIST OF RENTS.
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
|
Number in this list |
Khatani No. |
Names of owner and tenant written short |
Land with detail of soil |
Rent with rate and amount Date when rent was fixed |
Date when rent was fixed |
Crops grown |
Remarks |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. The tenants should be entered in this list in seven group, viz.
(a) Tenants with right of occupancy paying at revenue rates with or without moli-malikana.
(b) Tenants without right of occupancy paying at revenue rates with or without malikana.
(c) Tenants with right of occupancy paying cash rents whether by lump sums or by rent fixed per bigha, kana, or ghumao.
(d) Tenants with right of occupancy paying cash rents whether by lump sums or by rents fixed per by bigha, kanal or ghumao.
(e) Tenants with right of occupancy paying by a share of the produce, or by appraisement, or by cash rates(zabtil) on crops.
(f) Tenants without right of occupancy paying by a share of the produce or by appraisement, or by cash rates (zabti) or crops.
(g) Mortgaged land on which the mortgagor has agreed to pay cash rents to the mortgage.
2. Enter cash rents with care, so as to make it clear whether the rent is paid on the crop or per harvest, or per annum.
3. So also as regards grain rents take care to show any deductions allowed before the owner’ share is divided and any cesses taken by the owner in addition to his share, and whether the owner takes a share of the staw.
4. In column 4 do not detail the field: only enter the land of each holding with detail of soil
B.- LIST OF MORTGAGES WITH POSSESSION NOW EXISTING
|
Serial No. |
Khatauni No. |
Mortagagor and morgagee written short |
Land with detail of soil |
Amunt mortgage debt |
Date of mortgage |
Remarks |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Enter the mortgages in two groups:
(a) Mortgages to members of any agricultural tribe. The settlement Officer may order that any real agricultural tribe not scheduled under the Punjab Alienation of Land Act., XIII of 1900, shall be included in (a) for the purposes of this statement.
(b) Mortgages to others.
Figures for increases in mortgage money on previous mortgages will be found in the village diary (roznamcha) and should bhe take into consideration in calculating the total mortgage debt.
C. LISTS OF
SLAES SINCE LAST SETTLEMENT.
(Form and
arrangement same as above prescribed for list of mortgages)
(SETTLEMENT MANUAL, PARAGRAPH 324)
Crop Experiments[2]
1. Director’s returns not sufficient.- The Director’s Circular no. 14, dated 29th September. 1893. Contans instructions for ascertaining the average yield of the principal crops in certain selected districts. The results obtained from inquiries conducted in accordance with these instructions are valuable so far as they go; but they do not give information for every district, nor can experiments made on such small areas as are contemplated in the Circular giv e very reliable date until they have lasted for some years As it is most important that we should obtain accurate a knowledge as possible of the average produce of the principal crops in a district the following directions are issued on the subject for the guidance of Settlement Officers.
2. The main principles to be observed will be as follows: Main principles.
(1) Produce experiments must be made every harvest while a settlement in in progress in a district.
(2) The experiments should be made so that the outturn of the main staples of the district may be ascertained in each class of soil in every assessment circle.
(3) The field observed should not ordinary be of less than acre; if observations can be made on larger areas, so much the better.
(4) The observations should be made only be officers who can be trusted to make the inqui9ry and the report the result in an intelligent manner, and without harassing the owner of the crop observed.
(5) The result of the experiments should be reported without delay.
3. Selection of principal crops.- Soon after the commencement of Settlement operations the Settlement Officer should send the Commissioner a statement showing the crops grown in each by each tahsil of the district and the average area occupied by each; and he should state which crops he considers to be the principal staples, the outturn of which it is important to ascertain. It is unnecessary to have experiments for crops which only occupy a small area; all that is needed is to find out the average outturn of the principal crops.
4. Selection of fields.- Some little time before the crops o each harvest are ripe the Settlement Officer should determine the localities where the crop experiments are to be made. Care should be taken that the fields chosen for the experiments are representative of the average of theat harvest of each class of soil. To ensure this the Settlement Officer and Extra Assistant Settlement Officer should personally inspect most of the fields selected, the remainder being seen by the Setlement Tahsildar or other senior officer, who can be trusted to see that the crops to be observed and really average ones.
5. Removal of produce. - In making the experiments the general instructions contained in the Director’s Circular above referred to may be observed; but it will obviously be impossible to ascertain the outturn of large areas in one day. The operations will necessarily be extended over some days. But therer is no objection to this, provided that steps taken to prevent any of the crop being carried away before its outturn has been ascertained. At the same time everything should be done to make to make the proceedings as easy as possible to the owners of the crops, and they should be allowed to carry off their produce immediately the results have been recorded.
6. Register ‘A’ P{rescribed. Each experiment should be entrusted to a selected officer. The Settlement Officer should, if possible , keep one experiment for himself, and the Extra Assistant Settlement Officer and other gazetted officers, if any, should also be associated in the work. The report of each experiment should be made in the form annexed. A, which all reports have been received they should be brought together in English registers to be kept by Tahsil in the same form. The experiments should be entered in in the registers according to (a) assessment circles, (b)crops, (c) classes of land.Thus all chahi crops in Bangar. Assessment Circles will be grouped together the Settlement Officer should go over them carefully and note in the last coulmn if he considers them trustworthy or not. If the experiments have been vitiated radical mistake, or if the crop is such as the patwari ought to describe in whole or part as kharaba they should be cancelled by a large cross in red ink being drawn over them, the reason for the rejection being recorded. The total of all accepted expedriments for each crop on each class of land will be shown in colcalculated not from the averages of individual experiments, but from the total outturn of all experiments with that crop on each soil. The register shuld then be sent to the Commissioner for persual with a brief report of the character of the harvest and the results of the experiments. The report for the rabi harvest should be submitted by the end of the June and from the Kharif harvest not later than January. The Commissioner will forward them with his remarks to the Director of Land Records. The register will be returned after inspection.
7. Register B.- The results of each harvest’s accepted experiments should be written up in a general Register for the District in From B annexed. Separate pages will be kept for each crop to be experimented on. The form annexed is a specimen for the wheat experiments. The entries in Register B for each harvest will correspond with the red ink entries in Register A for the same harvest.
A.- STATEMENT OF RESULTS OF CROP EXPERIMENTS FOR-SEASON 19.
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
|
Serial No. |
Assessment Village Circle |
Village |
Kind of crop |
Class of soil and
irrigation |
Status and resource of
cultivator |
Detail of cultivation in
three preceding seasons |
Detail of village manuring
and watering for present crop. |
|
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
|
Name and rank of officer
and date of marking the experiment |
Are cut |
Weight of produce |
Producer acre |
Remarks |
||
Note: In column 5 enter the class of irrigation of the crop experimented upon according to gridawari In column 6 state whether the cultivator is a man of good, average or insufficient resources as regard cattle, labour etc exten of his holdings, whether Indebted or not, also his caste if considered relevant.
In column 7 enter a crops according to gridawari, specifying class irrigation and whether matured or failed
In column 8, if a preceding crop was manured, as for instance when wheat follows manure maize, mention this give number of ploughings, weddings, & c, also in case of rabi crop whether ploughed before or after rainy season; if only one watering was given, emntion whether it was before or after sowing.
In the columns 11 and 13 enter in seers the weight of the main produce in its marketable from. In the case of cotton enter weight of uncleaned cotton. In case of sugarcane enter weight of gur or rob. In case of maize enter weight of grain removed from cob.
In column 12 and 14 enter in seers the weight of other marketable products, giving their names. In case of cotton these columns will be blank. In case of jawar enter weight of straw dried.
In column 15 state the reasons for the selection of the site of the experiment, mention any other circumstances affecting the value of the result, and give probable reason for any especially good and bad yield, as for instance, whether the crop was sown late or early nature of soil, whether light or heavy, high or low, whether the seasson suited such soil, whether any damages occured from hail, wind, frost, vermin or other causes.
If more the one experiment has been made in any class of crop enter each separately; it is not necessary to give any average for the whole.
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
||||||||
|
Tehsil |
Assisment
Circle |
Soil |
1898 |
1899 |
||||||||||||||||
|
Total
outturn on area observed |
Total
outturn on area observed |
Average
per Acre |
Total
area observed |
Total
outturn on area observed |
A
verage per acre |
|||||||||||||||
|
Straw |
Grain |
Straw |
Grain |
|
Grain |
Straw |
Grain |
Straw |
||||||||||||
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|
Contd.1 |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
|||||||
|
1990 |
Total area observed |
1901 |
||||||||||||||
|
Total area observed |
Total outturn on area observed |
Average per acre |
Total outturn on acre observed |
Average per acre |
||||||||||||
|
Grain |
Straw |
Grain |
Straw |
Grain |
Straw |
Grain |
Straw |
|||||||||
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|||||||
(SETTLEMENT MANUAL, PARAGRAPH 333)
Instructions issued by Colonel E.G. Wace,
when Settlement
Commissioner, as to inquiry into prices.
Settlement Commissioner’s Circular 74 of 1879, paragraph 2. – The inquiry should be based on three different sources of information.
(a) the prices reported fortnightly in the Gazette;
(b) the trade prices of the principal marts in the district;
(c) the prices at which the agriculturist
make over their produce at harvest
time
to the village banias.
3. The duty of ascertaining the trade prices of teh principal marks for the past twenty years should be made over to the Extra Assistant Settlement Officer. He should select with your approval the largest trading towns or towns in each tahsil, and ascertain the prices on twelve dates in each year by personal inspection of the books of the principal dealers ....... The prices recorded should be those at which the trader sold the produce to other traders, not those at which they purchased from agriculturist’s.
4. The third division of the inquiry viz the prices realized by agriculturist should be entrusted to the Superintendents Three or four large villages should be selected in each tahsil by the Superintendent in consultation with yourself in the districts in which I have worked there were two dates on which the agriculturist accounts were usually settled, viz after the rabi harvests, and after the kharif harvest. If accounts were not settled on that date nevertheless the produce of the past harvest was usually credited at the prices prevailing on those dates. The superintendent inquiry should be directed to ascertain the prices at which in each year the village traders took over the produce from the agriculturist after each harvest, and if any customary dates.... are observed in the adjustment of such accounts, they will be a useful guide. The superintendent should be warned not to assume the harvest prices hurriedly, but in each instance to compare a number of accounts.
5. The superintendent should be directed at the same time to ascertain and report the rate of interest usually charged by the village traders against agriculturists in their current accounts, and also the terms on which advances for seed are made, and whether the majority of the agriculturists usually require such advances or not.
6. With the result of these enquiries for each tahsil before you, you can form an opinion (1) as to the extent to which prices generally differ in the various parts of the districts (2) the extent to which the prices realized by agriculturists fall short of the trade prices and of the average annual prices, (3) the extent of which the prices realized by agriculturists have improved during the past 30 years, (4) the prices which can properly be assumed you produce estimates.
7. As far as may experience goes it is not convenient to consider these prices separately for each tahsil, a fairer and sounder view of the subject is obtained by considering at one time the results for the whole district.....
(Accordingly a preliminary report on prices
for the whole district was ordered)
9. It is not intended that our enquiries should be limited strictly to 20 years. On the contrary it is most necessary that they should extend back to the period at which the expired settlement was made, and that we should compare teh average prices that we now propose to assume with the average prices of that period.
(Settlement Manual Paragraph 315)
Form for one forth net asset estimate based
on batai zabti rents
|
Assessment Circle |
Class of land or soil |
CROPS
OF WHICH THE PRODUCE IS DIVIDED |
|||||||||
|
Detail |
Kharif
harvest |
Rabi
harvest |
Total
of both harvests |
||||||||
|
Maize |
|
|
Total
crops |
Wheat |
|
|
Total
crops |
||||
|
Banjar |
Chahi |
Acres Yield per acre in
seers Total yield in maunds Price in annas per mound Value of total grain
produce, Rs. Value of straw value of
total gross produce, Rs. Government share at-percent
Rate per acre harvested |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ZABTI CROPS |
TOTAL CROPS |
||||||||||
|
Detail |
Kharif harvest |
Rabi harvest |
Total of both harvests |
Detail |
Kharif |
Rabi |
Total
of both harvest |
||||
|
Cane |
|
Total
crops |
|
|
Total
crops |
||||||
|
Acres
Rent rate Total
rent Government one-fourth share Rate per acre harvested |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acres
Government Rate
per acre harvested |
|
|
|
(SETTLEMENT MANUAL, PARAGRAPH 413)
Heads for a Comparative Survey of the
Resources of different tracts.
1. Areas cultivated and uncultivated-
(a) Percentage cultivated to total area.
(b) Percentage uncultivated to total area.
(c) Increase per cent in cultivation since previous settlement.
2. irrigation .
(a) percentage cultivated land irrigated from wells.
(b) Increase per cent of wells sine last settlement.
(c) Average depth of wells to water, in feet.
(d) Average chahi areas per well.
(e)
Average acres of chahi
crops per well.
3. Crops-
(a) Average crop harvested, per cent of cultivated area.
(b) Percentage of wheat and other crops in such detail as may appear necessary.
(c) Percentage of area failed to area sown (with detail of irrigated and unirrigated if necessary).
4. Population, owners, and tenants-
(a) population per square mile of cultivation.
(b) Average number of cultivated acres per owner.
(c) Prevailing tribes of landowners.
(d) Percentage of area tilled by owners.
(e) Percentage of area tilled by occupancy tenants.
(f) Percentage of area tilled by tenant-at-will on kind rents
(g) Percentage of area tilled by tenants-at-will on cash rents.
5. Transfers-
(a) Percentage of total area sold since previous settlement.
(b) Percentage of above sold to money-lenders.
(c) Average price per cultivated acre of land sold from 18 to 19.
(d) Percentage of cultivated area now under mortgagee.
(e) Percentage of above-mortgaged to money-lenders.
(f) Average mortgage money per cultivated acre of land mortgage money per cultivated acre of land mortgaged from 18 to 19.
6. One fourth net assets-
(a) one-fourth net assets share of gross pro-(1) Irrigated.
(2) Unirrigated.
(b) One fourth net assets rate (1) Chahi
(2) Barani.
7. Assessment-
(a)
Assessment rates (1) chahi
(2)
Barani.
(b) Resulting assessment (1) Percentage of value of gross produce.
(2) Percentage of one-fourth net assets.
(c) Increase per
cent as compared with previous assessment.
APPENDIX
XIV
(Settlement Manual, Paragraph 232)
Killabandi
1. What kilabandi means. - The procedure known as killabandi may be defined
as the substitution of rectangular fields of the uniform size of one killa each
for the irregular fields, some minutes, some minutes, other inconveniently
large and all of haphazard shape into which the lands of a village are
ordinarily found to be divided.The actual size of the killa is of minor
importance, and it differs according to the size of the square or rectangle of
which it is always the twenty-fifth part.
An
account of the early history of killabandi, as supplied to areas of Government
waste on the introduction of canal irrigation, will be ofund in paragraphs
303-314 of the Colony Manual. As originally devised, killabandi was to be
applied to waste areas only. It was soon perceived however that it might, with
advantage, be extended to cultivated lands where canal irrigation was
beginning. The Irrigation Department found that the division of the irrigated
into rectangular plots of uniform size made the distribution of water easier,
fairer and more economical. It was accordingly decided to introduce the system
into old proprietary villages wherever possible, and the success attained by
the introduction of killabandi into these villages had led Government to make
its adoption a condition of irrigation from a perennial canal.
2. It is obvious that killabandi in Crown waste is entirely different from
killabandi in proprietary villages. In Crown waste it simply means drawing
lines of demarcation on a tabula rasa and thus dividing large areas into
suitable units of allotment and cultivation. The method in this case is to
divide each side of a square or rectangle inot five equal lengths and join the
points thus fixed by lines parallel to the sides of rectangle.
In
proprietary estates killabandi involves a complete repartition of the estate.
It is with this form of killabandi that the present appendix is concerned.
3. The square aooped in the Cnennnab Colony measures 27.7 acres and was
divided by Lieutenant-Colonel F. Propham Young into 25 killas of 8 kanals 18
marlas each. (The rectengle at present prescribed measures 1,100+990 feet,and
is sub-divided into 25 killas of exactly one acre a piece measurong 220 feet
from east to west and 198 feet from north to south. The superiority of this
ractengle over the square is obvious.
4. The advantges of killabamdi.- The great value of killabandi lies in its
economic advantges. with straight watercourses and even-shaped fields there is
much greater convenience and much less waste in the use of water.There is great
saving of time in the girdawari, and the same staff of supervising officer can
in the same time enforce a far-better supervision of the work than under the
old system. But above all the expense and worry of subsequent settlements is
greatly reduced. There is no reason at all why a ches-board map should not be
kept up-to-date with perfect case. The map once made is practically permant,
and revision of the map, with all its attendant inconvenience; and expense,
should disappear as an incident of reassessment operations.
There
are other advantages in killabandi which are numerous and soon patent even to
the most conservative of zamindars. In the first place, once the chess-board is
laid out there is an end to all disputes as to the boundaries between fields.
Encroachments beyond the line of the adjacent killas, are immediately detected
and proclaim their own condemnation. Similarly the scope for boundary disputes
between adjacent estates is narrowed down, and even where the boundary runs
from point to point instead of along the sides of killas, the correct alignment
is very easily ascertained from the map and understood by all parties
concerned. In the next place it becomes very much easier for the people to
manage their own affairs without reference to the revenue officials and the
opportunity for extortion on the part of corrupt members of the staff is very
greatly diminished. For example, once the land is divided into rectangular
fields of a uniform size the people can easily manage their own partitions. All
that is needed is a piece of string to measure with and an arrangement as to
the quality of the land under partition. Similary the adjustment of cash rents
is greatly facilitated while the widow and the absentee can readily understand
the management of their estates and need no longer be defrauded by their
tenants. In the same way where land revenue and occupiers rates are recovered
under a fluctuating system the assessee can at once check the charges demanded
from him, however deficient his education, and cannot be imposed upon by a
corrupt official
5. Limitation of killabandi.- AT the start it was a difficult matter to
persuade the owners of old established proprietary estates to change their
hereditary holdings and system of cultivation. This has, however, been
completed with success in Shahpur, throughout the Gujranwala District in the
canal irrigated areas of Sialkot, Gujrat and Montgomery and is (1929) being
carried out in certain parts of the Ferozepore and Lahore Districts. Where
irrigation is being extended for the first time it is now the policy of
Government to insist on Killabandi as a condition of irrigation, and this
policy is justified by the success of killabandi in Gujranwala and by the
satisfaction with which the people have accepted it. Elsewhere it is not
possible to insist upon the change, nor if possible would it ordinarily be
desirable. Where for example the population is heavy, land valuable and
holdings small, the amount of dislocation caused by the change would outweigh
its ultimate advantages int he eyes of the people. For this reason the attempt
to introduce the system by consent in Karnal had to be abandoned. It is,
however, possible that even in unirrigated estates, where holdings are large
and land less valuable, owners will in time becomes so convinced of its
advantages as to adopt the changes voluntarily.